Addis Ababa, July 21, 2026 (ENA) —The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) has convened the third meeting of Special Envoys on Sudan. The meeting was held with support from the Government of Japan, as regional and international actors seek to strengthen coordination in efforts to resolve the devastating conflict in Sudan. The meeting was opened by IGAD Executive Secretary Dr. Workneh Gebeyehu and Kenya’s Foreign Affairs Minister Musalia Mudavadi. It brought together Special Envoys and mediation partners to review progress, align strategies, and enhance cooperation in ongoing efforts to advance peace in Sudan.   Discussions focused on deepening coordination among regional and international actors involved in peace efforts and ensuring greater coherence among initiatives aimed at ending the crisis. IGAD reaffirmed its commitment to a coordinated, Africa-led approach to resolving the conflict, working closely with its Member States, the African Union, the United Nations, and all stakeholders committed to achieving a peaceful, stable, and prosperous Sudan. Sudan has been engulfed in a devastating conflict since April 2023, when fighting erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The war has triggered a severe humanitarian crisis, displacing millions of people and raising concerns over regional stability and the potential for further spillover.   As a key regional organization, IGAD has remained actively engaged in diplomatic efforts to support a peaceful resolution to the conflict. It has worked with Sudanese stakeholders, the African Union, the United Nations, and international partners to promote dialogue and coordinate mediation efforts, emphasizing the importance of a unified, Africa-led approach to ending the war and restoring stability in Sudan, it was learned.

Addis Ababa, July 21, 2026 (ENA) —Ethiopia’s Deputy Prime Minister Temesgen Tiruneh has arrived in Accra to attend the Extraordinary Summit of African Union Heads of State and Government on Health. African leaders are convening in Accra to chart a path toward a more self-reliant, resilient, and sustainable health future for the continent, ENA reports from Accra. Upon his arrival at Accra International Airport, Deputy Prime Minister Temesgen was warmly received by Ghanaian Foreign Minister Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa and other senior government officials. The extraordinary summit, scheduled for July 21–22, brings together African heads of state and government, health ministers, policymakers, and development partners to address some of the continent’s most pressing public health challenges.   The summit is expected to focus on strengthening Africa’s health sovereignty and accelerating efforts toward universal health coverage, including the elimination of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis as public health threats by 2030. African leaders are also expected to deliberate on reducing maternal and child mortality, tackling communicable and non-communicable diseases, expanding local pharmaceutical manufacturing, and strengthening sustainable financing for resilient health systems. A key priority of the summit is the development of a sustainable health-financing roadmap that promotes African ownership, self-reliance, and stronger domestic capacity to address the continent’s health priorities.   Ahead of the summit, African Union Commission Chairperson Mahamoud Ali Youssouf said the meeting presents an opportunity to move “from commitment to action” in addressing Africa’s health challenges. Ethiopia is expected to share its experiences and achievements in the health sector with continental leaders and stakeholders, contributing to broader African efforts to strengthen health systems and improve public health outcomes.   During his stay in Ghana, Deputy Prime Minister Temesgen is also expected to hold bilateral discussions on issues of mutual interest aimed at strengthening Ethiopia-Ghana relations, deepening multilateral cooperation, and advancing regional and continental partnerships.

Addis Ababa, July 21, 2026 (ENA) — Ethiopia's ongoing national dialogue represents a homegrown path toward sustainable peace, Ethiopian National Dialogue Commissioner Yonas Adaye said. Speaking to Pulse of Africa (POA) on the sidelines of the National Dialogue Conference, the Commissioner said the dialogue is intended to address the root causes of longstanding grievances in the country, and to lay a foundation for lasting peace, inclusive governance and sustainable development. “The science and art of dialogue is to unearth the buried truths or structural causes of conflict. So as long as you have conflict, you can never have any economic development, political development, or whatever governance you might be aspiring for,” he elaborated. According to him, national dialogue is a guarantee for sound political development, inclusive governance and representative political progress. He added that the 4,000 representatives taking part in the National Dialogue Conference are engaged in structured discussions on the 8 major agenda pillars compiled through consultations held across the country and abroad. The delegates are organized into working groups to deliberate on the issues identified by citizens. On questions regarding inclusiveness, Commissioner Yonas said Ethiopia’s national dialogue seeks to ensure that voices traditionally left out of national decision-making are represented. He pointed to academic assessments and examples of participation by historically marginalized occupational groups, describing the process as grounded in indigenous Ethiopian approaches to conflict resolution. The Commissioner noted that the dialogue process has been inclusive and it relied on indigenous knowledge and cultural mechanisms rather than imported solutions. Commissioner Yonas further linked Ethiopia’s dialogue to wider African aspirations, arguing that Ethiopia’s experience could support regional peace, integration, and cooperation. He referenced the philosophies of Ubuntu and Medemer, saying peace in Ethiopia is closely connected to stability across the Horn of Africa and beyond. “For a brighter Africa to be realized… the best way out is really dialoguing,” he stressed, adding that Ethiopia is contributing to peace efforts across the continent. The Commissioner underscored that the national dialogue process is a nationally led effort to promote reconciliation, consensus-building, and long-term stability. The ongoing National Dialogue Conference will continue deliberations over the coming weeks as delegates seek common ground on issues shaping Ethiopia’s future.

Addis Ababa, July 21, 2026 (ENA) — Ethiopia is the leading light in democracy for Africa, Nigerian House of Representatives Member, Agbedi Frederick, said. Speaking about the successful recent conclusion of the nation’s 7th General Election to ENA, the House Member praised the democratic process in Ethiopia, noting that it is one of the oldest states in parliamentary exercise. While electoral challenges are common globally, Ethiopia's ability to successfully navigate its national polls deserves commendation, the Nigerian MP said. According to him, Ethiopia is the leading light in the democracy of Africa. “We believe that Ethiopia is the leading light in democracy in Africa. We give kudos to the successful conclusion of the general election." Frederick stated that what matters most in any democracy is responsible leadership that addresses citizens’ needs, promotes peace, and drives national progress. Furthermore, he highlighted the growing ties between Ethiopia and Nigeria pointing to the recent diplomatic exchanges aimed at strengthening parliamentary cooperation, including the establishment of a parliamentary friendship group between the Nigerian House of Representatives and the Ethiopian House of People's Representatives. The initiative, he noted, is designed to deepen inter-nation relationships across all spheres of development as both countries work to fortify their democratic institutions. Beyond bilateral ties, Frederick commended Ethiopia’s historical role in fostering continental solidarity and self-reliance, emphasizing that African nations need to shift their focus away from foreign aid and toward mutually beneficial partnerships. "African countries must work together. They must look for partnerships in the interests of African nations, so that we can grow on our own," he underscored.

Addis Ababa, July 21, 2026 (ENA) — Ethiopia has called for enhanced continental cooperation and the effective implementation of Africa's security frameworks to address the growing threat of terrorism and violent extremism across the continent. State Minister of Foreign Affairs Hadera Abera made the remark at the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC) on Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Africa Ministerial Meeting. During the meeting, he underscored the growing threat posed by global terrorist groups to peace and security on the continent, noting that such groups are increasingly exploiting emerging technologies, including digital platforms and social media, to recruit members, disseminate propaganda, and spread extremist ideologies. In light of the evolving global security dynamics, the State Minister stressed the need to operationalize the Africa Standby Force and strengthen the implementation of continental normative frameworks to enhance intra-African cooperation in areas of security and governance. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State Minister Hadera also highlighted Ethiopia's ongoing efforts to combat domestic terrorism and its significant contribution to regional initiatives aimed at addressing the threat of terrorism.

Addis Ababa, July 20, 2026 (ENA) —Ambassadors of Israel and Austria have expressed confidence in Ethiopia’s reform trajectory. The diplomats cited the country’s economic transformation and digital development as key drivers in creating new opportunities for investment and deeper international cooperation. Speaking to ENA, Israeli Ambassador to Ethiopia Avraham Neguise and outgoing Austrian Ambassador Simone Knapp said Ethiopia is progressing in the right path, highlighting its major success stories in various spheres. Ambassador Neguise said Ethiopia’s efforts to strengthen its economic system and expand its digital capabilities are attracting interest from Israeli investors, describing the developments as beneficial to both countries. He also highlighted Ethiopia’s priorities in energy and water development, particularly the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which he said is crucial to the country’s long-term energy expansion and industrial development. The expansion of electricity infrastructure to power households and industries, including in rural areas, will contribute to improved living standards and create new opportunities for investment, he added. Neguise identified government-to-government cooperation, private-sector investment, non-governmental engagement and people-to-people ties as four key pillars for expanding Ethiopia-Israel relations.   He said the two countries have significant potential for cooperation in agriculture, health, innovation and technology, security, education and research. The ambassador further pointed out that Israeli businesses are exploring investment opportunities in areas including drip irrigation, crop production, avocados, wheat, fisheries and poultry. He also highlighted the contribution of Ethiopian-Israeli organizations that provide voluntary services, particularly in the health sector, in cooperation with hospitals across Ethiopia. People-to-people ties, he added, are also strengthening through cultural exchanges, tourism and trade. He noted that improved air cargo connectivity between Ethiopia and Israel is facilitating the faster movement of goods between the two countries. Neguise further underscored Ethiopia’s unique significance to Israel, citing the deep religious, historical and people-to-people connections between the two countries. He noted that Israel’s Ethiopian Jewish community, estimated at more than 180,000 people, serves as an important human bridge between the two nations through continued family and community ties. For her part, outgoing Austrian Ambassador Simone Knapp said Ethiopia is making “bold and courageous” progress through its economic reform efforts. Although challenges remain, Ethiopia’s reform trajectory is steady and promising, she said, adding that the progress is already attracting growing interest from foreign investors, including Austrian companies.   Several Austrian firms, she noted, “are taking concrete steps to explore investment opportunities and establish a presence in the Ethiopian market.” Knapp also emphasized the long-standing people-to-people ties between Ethiopia and Austria, particularly in education and culture. She pointed to continued university cooperation and academic exchanges, including opportunities for Ethiopian students to pursue master’s degrees in Austria. Cultural cooperation is also expanding, she said, noting that Ethiopian musicians regularly perform in Austria, while Austrian artists visit Ethiopia for concerts and workshops. She cited initiatives such as training sessions conducted by Austrian musicians at the Yared School of Music as examples of the growing cultural partnership. The ambassador expressed confidence that economic engagement, educational cooperation and cultural exchanges between Ethiopia and Austria will continue to deepen in the years ahead.

Addis Ababa, July 20, 2026 (ENA) —Ethiopia’s National Dialogue Conference has entered its core deliberation phase, with participants beginning substantive discussions on the eight national agenda items identified by the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission (ENDC). The historic conference, which opened on July 15 in Addis Ababa, has brought together more than 4,000 participants from across Ethiopia and the diaspora in an effort to address longstanding political, ethnic and historical divisions and build broader national consensus. Providing an update during a press briefing, ENDC Commissioner Ambassador Mahmoud Drir said the conference has entered the central phase of the national dialogue process, with delegates launching substantive discussions on the issues allocated to their respective groups. "Participants have officially entered targeted discussions on their assigned agenda items today, marking the core phase of the entire national dialogue process," Ambassador Mahmoud said. According to the commissioner, delegates have been organized into separate groups to facilitate structured discussions on the eight national agenda items identified by the Commission. He noted that the deliberations represent a significant milestone in the conference, creating a platform for participants from diverse backgrounds to exchange views, present their perspectives and engage in constructive dialogue. The Commission has deployed experienced facilitators to guide the discussions and ensure they proceed effectively, he added. The historic National Dialogue Conference officially opened on 15 July 2026. Since the opening of the conference, participants have been organized into eight primary working groups, each comprising 500 delegates. "Each group has been assigned to deliberate on one of the eight national agenda items officially adopted by the Commission," the commissioner said. Before beginning substantive discussions, participants attended orientation sessions and introductory briefings designed to familiarize them with the dialogue's procedures, operational framework and working methods. As the conference entered its next phase today, the eight primary groups were further divided into 80 specialized subgroups, each consisting of 50 participants, to conduct detailed discussions on their respective agenda items. Ambassador Mahmoud said the arrangement is intended to promote broad participation and meaningful engagement while ensuring that diverse views are heard. He emphasized that the subgroup discussions form the cornerstone of the national dialogue by providing participants with an opportunity to express their views openly, foster mutual understanding and encourage constructive engagement. To support the process, the Commission has deployed 160 facilitators selected for their professional experience and academic expertise to moderate the discussions. In addition, 256 rapporteurs have been assigned to document the proceedings and ensure the deliberations are accurately recorded.

By Staff Writer   July 19, 2026 (ENA) Ethiopia witnessed a week of significant political, diplomatic and developmental developments as the country opened a potentially historic chapter in its efforts to address longstanding political differences through dialogue and consensus. The launch of the long-awaited National Dialogue Conference dominated the national agenda, bringing together thousands of representatives from across Ethiopian society in an effort to confront the country’s most complex political and social challenges through peaceful consultation. At the same time, developments in northern part of the country, particularly in Tigray region underscored the continuing challenges to Ethiopia’s peace process, while major infrastructure projects, expanding aviation links, growing economic activity around the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and an active diplomatic agenda highlighted the country’s broader efforts to advance peace, reform and economic transformation. Taken together, the week’s developments reflected a country navigating a complex transition—seeking to consolidate peace and political dialogue at home while expanding its economic and diplomatic engagement abroad. Historic National Dialogue Opens   The defining event of the week was the official opening of Ethiopia’s National Dialogue Conference on July 15 in Addis Ababa. The three-week conference has brought together more than 4,000 representatives from regional states, political parties, civil society organizations, religious institutions, professional associations, traditional leadership, youth and women’s groups, as well as members of the Ethiopian diaspora. Organized by the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission (ENDC), the conference represents the country’s most extensive nationwide consultation process since the establishment of the current federal system. Presiding over the conference, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed called on Ethiopians to replace political confrontation with dialogue and compromise. He said disagreements should no longer escalate from “strong words” to “strong action” through violence, but should instead be addressed through peaceful consultation, mutual understanding and collective responsibility. The Prime Minister described the process as a historic opportunity to lay the foundations for lasting peace, national reconciliation and a shared national future.   Established under Proclamation No. 1265/2021, the ENDC says the dialogue is intended to identify Ethiopia’s major national challenges, build broad-based consensus and formulate recommendations capable of strengthening political stability and national unity. Delegates are deliberating on a broad range of issues, including state-building and national identity, the structure and form of government, the administration of federal cities such as Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, religious affairs, institutional reform, the rule of law and human rights. The agenda also covers socio-economic challenges affecting farmers, pastoralists and vulnerable communities, anti-corruption and good governance, as well as peacebuilding and conflict prevention. The dialogue has also emerged as an important international event, attracting representatives of foreign governments, international organizations and development partners who have expressed support for an Ethiopian-led process of resolving political differences through dialogue. Rally Signals Mounting Public Pressure Over TPLF’s Continued Belligerence While the National Dialogue opened a nationwide platform for political consultation, developments in Tigray region highlighted the continuing challenges facing Ethiopia’s broader peace process. On July 18, thousands of Tigrayan demonstrators gathered at Meskel Square in Addis Ababa under the slogan, “Stop the Abductions; Let Peace Prevail.”   Organized by the Tigray Peace and Change Council, the rally called for the full implementation of the November 2022 Pretoria Cessation of Hostilities Agreement, an end to alleged forced recruitment in Tigray and the return of internally displaced persons. Participants accused the defunct Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) of contributing to continued instability in the region and called on the federal government and the international community to support lasting peace and stability. One of the rally’s most closely watched moments was the participation of Getachew Reda, President of the Simret Party and former President of the Tigray Interim Regional Administration. Addressing the demonstrators, Getachew accused the TPLF of obstructing development efforts and alleged that it was forcibly recruiting young people. His appearance reflected the evolving political landscape in Tigray following the Pretoria Agreement and underscored continuing disagreements over governance, security arrangements and the implementation of the peace accord. The rally served as a reminder that while the National Dialogue represents a major national effort to address political differences, regional grievances, political mistrust and unresolved questions surrounding peace agreements remain significant challenges. Infrastructure and Connectivity Drive Forward Economic development and infrastructure expansion also remained central to Ethiopia’s agenda during the week. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed inaugurated the renovated King Tekle Haymanot Airport in Debre Markos, Amhara Region, restoring operations at a facility that had remained inactive for nearly three decades. The rehabilitation is expected to improve regional connectivity, facilitate trade, promote tourism and strengthen economic integration. Ethiopian Airlines, meanwhile, expanded its international network with the launch of direct passenger flights between Addis Ababa and Port Louis, Mauritius.   The new route further strengthens Ethiopia’s position as one of Africa’s leading aviation hubs while creating new opportunities for trade, tourism, investment and business connections between Eastern and Southern Africa and global markets. The GERD also continued to generate economic benefits beyond electricity production. The Benishangul-Gumuz Regional Agriculture Bureau reported that more than 10,700 tons of fish were harvested from Lake Nigat during the concluded Ethiopian fiscal year. The reservoir is increasingly supporting fisheries, tourism, inland transportation and employment through organized fishing cooperatives, demonstrating the broader economic impact of major infrastructure projects. Diplomacy Takes Center Stage Ethiopia pursued an active diplomatic agenda throughout the week, strengthening relations with international partners while advancing its strategic priorities in the Horn of Africa and beyond. The visit of European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission Kaja Kallas was among the week’s most significant diplomatic events. During meetings with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos, discussions focused on strengthening Ethiopia-EU relations, expanding economic cooperation, promoting regional peace and security and supporting Ethiopia’s reform agenda.   Kallas reaffirmed the European Union’s commitment to expanding cooperation in investment, renewable energy, digital governance and critical raw materials, while encouraging a more predictable and business-friendly investment environment. She also attended the National Dialogue Conference, describing it as an inclusive, grassroots initiative with the potential to contribute to lasting peace, reconciliation and national unity. Prime Minister Abiy also held talks with the newly elected President of the African Export-Import Bank, Dr. George Elombi, and members of the bank’s Board of Directors. The discussions focused on strengthening African-led financial cooperation, expanding investment opportunities and supporting the continent’s long-term economic transformation. Ethiopia further expanded its international engagement by assuming the presidency of the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States. State Minister of Finance Semereta Sewasew said Ethiopia’s chairmanship would focus on expanding economic opportunities, mobilizing sustainable financing and strengthening partnerships among the organization’s 79 member states. Relations with Gulf countries also featured prominently on Ethiopia’s diplomatic agenda. Prime Minister Abiy traveled to Qatar to convey Ethiopia’s condolences and pay tribute following the passing of Qatar’s former Amir and Father Amir, His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, reaffirming the longstanding friendship between the two countries.   Meanwhile, Ethiopia continued its engagement with Saudi Arabia over the situation of Ethiopian nationals facing legal proceedings in the Kingdom. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said nearly 2,000 Ethiopians had benefited from royal amnesties granted by Saudi authorities and reaffirmed the government’s commitment to protecting the rights and welfare of Ethiopian citizens abroad. Prime Minister Abiy also held talks with Benin’s President Romuald Wadagni in Addis Ababa. The two leaders reaffirmed their commitment to expanding bilateral cooperation and strengthening the longstanding partnership between Ethiopia and Benin. Sea Access and GERD Remain Strategic Priorities Ethiopia’s longstanding pursuit of reliable access to the sea also remained a prominent subject of national and international discussion. Scholars and policy experts described maritime access as a strategic national necessity rather than merely a political aspiration, arguing that a country of more than 130 million people and a rapidly expanding economy requires dependable access to international trade routes. Former Tigray Regional State Chief Administrator Gebru Asrat called for a carefully planned, legally grounded and diplomatically driven national strategy, including the establishment of a specialized institution to coordinate the technical, legal and historical dimensions of Ethiopia’s maritime interests.   The GERD, meanwhile, continued to generate unfounded propaganda from Egyptian officials as part their information warfare against Ethiopia. American political analyst Andrew Korybko argued that Ethiopia has the sovereign right to utilize the Abay River within its internationally recognized territory. He said lasting peace in the Nile Basin depends on dialogue, mutual respect and African-led solutions rather than confrontation.   Meanwhile, Egyptian accusations against Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) continue to disregard historical facts and the principles of equitable and reasonable utilization and cooperation enshrined in international law, Member of Parliament Mohammed Al-Arousi told ENA. He further argued that Egypt's claims overlook the legitimate development rights of upstream Nile Basin countries and their sovereign right to utilize shared water resources in accordance with international law. Ethiopia also continued consultations with neighboring countries and regional organizations on peace, security and economic integration, reinforcing Addis Ababa’s role as a diplomatic hub for the Horn of Africa. Climate diplomacy remained another strategic priority as preparations continued for Ethiopia’s hosting of COP32 in 2027. The recently signed Ethiopia-United States Bilateral Structured Dialogue Framework also signaled efforts to deepen cooperation in trade, investment, defense and regional peace and security. A Week of Domestic Reconciliation and Global Engagement Collectively, the week’s developments underscored Ethiopia’s effort to advance domestic reconciliation while strengthening economic diplomacy, attracting investment and expanding strategic partnerships across Africa and beyond. The launch of the National Dialogue marked a potentially transformative attempt to address decades of political disagreement through consultation and consensus rather than confrontation. Yet the developments in Tigray region also demonstrated that significant challenges remain in fully implementing peace agreements, rebuilding trust and addressing regional grievances. Beyond domestic politics, Ethiopia continued to assert its strategic interests on issues including the GERD and maritime access while strengthening relations with the European Union, African financial institutions and Gulf countries. At the same time, investments in infrastructure, the expansion of aviation connectivity and the growing economic benefits generated by the GERD reflected the government’s continued emphasis on long-term development and economic transformation. As the National Dialogue continues in the coming weeks, its ability to produce practical recommendations, strengthen public confidence and address Ethiopia’s most complex political questions will be closely watched both at home and abroad. Its outcome, alongside Ethiopia’s continued efforts to deepen regional cooperation, expand strategic partnerships and accelerate economic transformation—could play a decisive role in shaping the country’s trajectory toward greater peace, stability and development. For Ethiopia, the week offered a powerful reminder of the scale of the challenges ahead—but also of the country’s growing determination to address them through dialogue at home, development on the ground and diplomacy abroad.

Addis Ababa, July 19, 2026 (ENA) —The European Union has welcomed the ongoing Ethiopia’s main National Dialogue conference as a potentially transformative process capable of advancing lasting peace, national reconciliation and stability. Kaja Kallas, EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission, praised the dialogue as an inclusive, grassroots-driven initiative that brings together Ethiopians from diverse backgrounds to address the country’s most difficult challenges. Speaking to the Ethiopian News Agency during her visit to Ethiopia, Kallas said she was impressed by the scale and inclusiveness of the historic National Dialogue Conference, which she visited. “I had the possibility to visit the National Dialogue, and it is really impressive,” she said. She described the process as a grassroots approach in which teachers from villages and people from different walks of life come together to discuss critical issues, including peace, reconciliation and the achievement of lasting security. “I think this approach is really a good approach, and I hope that it comes to concrete results,” Kallas added. The EU foreign policy chief expressed hope that the dialogue would translate into tangible outcomes capable of strengthening peace, reconciliation and national unity in Ethiopia.   Kallas also underscored Ethiopia’s strategic importance to peace and stability in the Horn of Africa, describing the country as a key regional actor because of its large population and geopolitical significance. “Ethiopia plays a key role, considering it is the second most populous country in Africa and a very important player in the Horn of Africa,” she said. She emphasized that peace and stability in Africa are also of strategic importance to Europe. The crises in neighboring regions can eventually have consequences far beyond their immediate borders, Kallas warned. “Our neighbors’ problems today are our problems tomorrow,” Kallas said. The EU official further reaffirmed the bloc’s support for regional peace efforts, including initiatives aimed at advancing a civilian-led political process in Sudan. She also highlighted Ethiopia’s potential role in contributing to stability in neighboring countries, particularly Sudan and Somalia. “Looking at the Horn of Africa, I think the stability that Ethiopia can bring also to Sudan, for example, or Somalia for that matter,” Kallas said, adding that Ethiopia has an opportunity to contribute to stability across the region. Kallas also highlighted the wider strategic importance of the Horn of Africa to global trade and maritime security, reaffirming the European Union’s commitment to supporting efforts to strengthen security in the Red Sea and along the Somali coast. She described Africa as a vital partner for the European Union and said the bloc is seeking to deepen cooperation through investment, job creation and sustainable economic development based on what she called a “partnership of equals.” “We are offering investments to Ethiopia and Africa generally so that there would be jobs and growth,” she said, stressing that expanded economic opportunities and greater stability serve the shared interests of both Africa and Europe.

By Gizachew Meku July 19, 2026 (ENA) When more than 4,000 Ethiopians representing communities from across the country and the diaspora gathered in Addis Ababa last week for the National Dialogue Conference, they brought with them far more than the agenda printed on paper. They arrived carrying decades of competing historical narratives, unresolved grievances, differing political perspectives and contrasting visions for Ethiopia's future. The conference itself is historic. Yet its greatest significance may lie beyond the event. As one of the most ambitious political undertakings in Ethiopia's modern history, the process seeks to institutionalize dialogue not merely as a response to crisis, but as a permanent mechanism for addressing national differences. That distinction is crucial. Opening the conference, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described the gathering as "a rare and historic milestone," saying it offers Ethiopians an opportunity to shape a future defined less by inherited divisions and more by deliberate national consensus. In democratic societies, governments change through elections, while armed conflicts may end through peace negotiations. However, in countries deeply divided over history, identity, governance and constitutional questions, elections alone cannot resolve long standing disputes. Such challenges require broader consultation, inclusive participation and sustained dialogue capable of building consensus across diverse communities. It is against this backdrop that Ethiopia has embarked on an inclusive national dialogue aimed at laying the foundation for lasting peace, stronger national unity and sustainable development. The dialogue comes after years of political tension and conflict that exposed deep disagreements over governance, constitutional arrangements, identity and historical interpretation. Established under Proclamation No. 1265/2021 as an independent institution, the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission (ENDC) has been leading a nationally owned and inclusive process designed to identify common ground on issues fundamental to the country's future.   From Political Competition to National Consultation Since its establishment, the ENDC has spent several years conducting consultations across the country, gathering public agenda items and preparing what it describes as Ethiopia's largest structured civic consultation in recent history. Unlike negotiations intended to end a specific conflict, the National Dialogue seeks to address questions that have challenged Ethiopia for generations. What should unite Ethiopians despite their differences? How should historical grievances be understood? Which constitutional and governance issues require broader national consensus? These are questions that legislation alone cannot answer. Nor can elections by themselves resolve such deeply rooted national issues. They require a different approach, one founded on inclusive dialogue and broad public participation. Modern democracies are often judged by the quality of their elections. Elections determine who governs, but they do not necessarily resolve why societies disagree. National dialogues serve a different purpose. Rather than producing winners and losers, they seek common ground among citizens whose experiences, identities and perspectives differ significantly. That philosophy underpins Ethiopia's current process. Over several years, the Commission organized nationwide consultations to ensure that national priorities emerged from citizens themselves rather than being determined solely by political elites. Those consultations produced the eight major agenda pillars now guiding discussions at the conference. The process itself reflects an important shift. Instead of beginning with predetermined solutions, it began by asking citizens to define the country's most pressing challenges. Reflecting on Ethiopia's political history, Prime Minister Abiy observed that one of the country's enduring problems has been a tendency for politics to "begin with fiery rhetoric and conclude with physical violence," arguing that this cycle must give way to consultation, dialogue and mutual listening.   Building Institutions Experience from diverse societies shows that sustainable peace depends not only on political agreements but also on institutions capable of managing future disagreements peacefully. Every diverse society experiences political disputes. The question is not whether disagreements will arise, but how they are managed. Will they be addressed through violence, exclusion and confrontation, or through institutions that encourage dialogue before conflicts escalate? This is where Ethiopia's National Dialogue could prove most consequential. If the country succeeds in embedding dialogue as a recurring national practice, its most significant legacy may not be any single recommendation emerging from the conference. Its enduring contribution could be the normalization of consultation as a democratic political culture. Political cultures evolve gradually. Habits of listening, negotiation and compromise require institutions that outlast individual governments and political cycles. The Prime Minister described the conference as one of those rare historical moments that places a nation "before the pen and parchment of history," giving citizens an opportunity to write a different future through wisdom, responsibility and collective commitment. Diversity as the Foundation Ethiopia's remarkable diversity has always been both one of its greatest strengths and one of its greatest governance challenges. More than 80 ethnic groups, multiple languages, religions and regional identities enrich the country's social fabric while also creating complex questions regarding representation, federalism, identity and resource sharing. These differences cannot simply be eliminated. They must instead be managed through legitimate institutions that command public trust. The National Dialogue reflects the recognition that diversity does not inevitably lead to division if citizens possess credible mechanisms for discussing difficult issues openly and respectfully. Consensus does not require uniformity. It requires legitimacy, mutual respect and shared ownership of national decisions.   Beyond the Conference Hall The conference marks the beginning rather than the conclusion of a broader national process. Participants are deliberating on issues identified through nationwide consultations based on the principles of inclusiveness, equality, mutual respect and consensus building. The greater test, however, lies beyond the conference hall. The recommendations will eventually need to inform public policy, legislative deliberations and future institutional reforms. Equally important will be maintaining public confidence that dialogue remains meaningful long after delegates return to their communities. Successful national dialogues are measured not only by the quality of deliberations but also by whether citizens continue to believe that peaceful engagement provides a credible means of resolving differences. During the opening session, ENDC Chief Commissioner Prof. Mesfin Araya emphasized that the dialogue should help establish a culture of consultation and roundtable discussion so that future disagreements are addressed through dialogue rather than recurring confrontation.   Transforming Political Culture Political culture cannot be transformed overnight. It evolves through repeated practice, growing public trust and sustained institutional commitment. If Ethiopians increasingly come to view disagreement as an issue to be discussed rather than defeated, and consultation as preferable to confrontation, such a transformation would mark a profound shift in the country's political culture. National dialogue would no longer be regarded as an exceptional exercise convened only during times of crisis. Instead, it would become an accepted democratic instrument for addressing complex national questions. Such a culture cannot be established through legal proclamations alone. It must be strengthened through participation, credibility and sustained public commitment. In his address, Prime Minister Abiy argued that Ethiopia's traditions of elder mediation, reconciliation and community arbitration demonstrate that dialogue has deep roots in the country's history. The challenge, he noted, is to elevate those longstanding traditions into enduring national institutions capable of resolving disagreements peacefully for generations to come.   Beyond July 2026 As delegates continue their deliberations in Addis Ababa, attention naturally remains focused on the conference itself. History, however, may judge this moment from a broader perspective. The true significance of Ethiopia's National Dialogue may ultimately depend less on the resolutions it adopts than on whether it succeeds in changing how Ethiopians approach disagreement. If future generations inherit institutions that encourage listening before polarization, consultation before confrontation and consensus before crisis, Ethiopia's greatest achievement may not be a single conference. Instead, July 2026 could be remembered as the moment the country began embracing disagreement not as a contest to be won, but as a shared responsibility to be managed through dialogue, strong institutions and sustained civic engagement. Should that culture take root, the National Dialogue will represent far more than a historic gathering. It will mark the beginning of a new political tradition founded on consultation, inclusion and peaceful democratic problem solving.

Addis Ababa, July 18, 2026 (ENA) — The national dialogue has created a platform that enables all sides to fairly reach a consensus, Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission (ENDC) Chief Commissioner, Professor Mesfin Araya, said. He pointed out that, unlike conventional political debates that are determined by a majority vote, the national dialogue is a historic platform aimed at achieving mutual agreement. The platform has been created to allow all sides to reach a fair agreement. Briefing the media today on the ongoing national dialogue, the Chief Commissioner said that a platform has been established to enable all sides fairly reach understanding. He noted that extensive orientations and briefings regarding the principles of the dialogue and decision-making methodologies have been provided to the 4,000 representatives engaged in the process since the opening day. The Chief Commissioner stressed that the national dialogue is centered on determining a shared destiny, rather than identifying winners and losers. He concluded by stating that the process is a foundation on which Ethiopians collectively build a better future for the country. Since its establishment in 2021, the ENDC has worked to resolve deep-rooted political divisions. By bringing together thousands of diverse representatives, this historic initiative replaces polarization with consensus and creates a foundation for Ethiopia's long-term stability.

Addis Ababa, July 18, 2026 (ENA) — The public must unite, stand firm, and speak with one voice to compel the illegal TPLF faction to fully implement the Pretoria Peace Agreement, Getachew Reda, Chairman of the Tigray Democratic Solidarity party, popularly known as Simret, said. He made the remarks during a peaceful demonstration held at Meskel Square under the banner “Stop the Abductions. Let Peace Prevail.” The rally drew large crowds denouncing the ongoing repression, coercion, and systemic abuses perpetrated by the illegal TPLF faction against the people of Tigray region. Addressing the demonstrators, Getachew emphasized that organized public resistance is now an urgent necessity to force the faction to respect the terms of the Pretoria Accord. He lamented that the brief respite the peace agreement brought to the people of Tigray has been abruptly shattered. The faction, he noted, has systematically reversed hard-won gains, dismantled the interim administration through a coup d'état, and unilaterally seized control. Far from halting its destabilizing actions, the illegal faction is now actively enforcing the mandatory conscription of youth, systematically preparing to plunge the region back into the horrors of another catastrophic conflict. Getachew drew attention to the profound human toll of these actions, describing a heartbreaking reality where mothers face arbitrary detention and inhumane treatment, while their children are forcibly torn from their embrace and sent to military training camps. The Chairman underscored that the illegal TPLF is driven purely by an insatiable thirst for power and wealth, ruthlessly exposing the youth to immense suffering. He declared that a definitive end must be put to the destructive path forged by this group. Furthermore, Getachew revealed that the faction's abuses extend beyond domestic borders; in addition to abducting young individuals and forcing them into military bases against their will, the group is actively trafficking youth into Sudan. Such egregious actions, he stated, expose the entity as a tyrannical force operating with total disregard for fundamental human rights. While expressing deep appreciation for the federal government's enduring patience and repeated calls for peace, Getachew stressed the critical importance of maintaining and strengthening robust diplomatic pressure on the faction. Tigrayan residents of Addis Ababa who attended the rally echoed these sentiments, strongly condemning the illegal TPLF faction for holding the people of Tigray hostage for war, violating the Pretoria Peace Agreement, and actively working to undermine the peace and security of the entire region.

Addis Ababa, July 18, 2026 (ENA) —Ethiopia cannot continue to live in geographic isolation without reliable access to the sea, and addressing the country's legitimate quest for sea access is essential for its long-term political, economic, and security interests, university scholars noted. Speaking to ENA, the scholars described Ethiopia's pursuit of sea access as an existential national issue, arguing that the country's historical, geographical, and economic realities make the matter of major strategic importance rather than political preference. They noted that Ethiopia's existence has long been linked to two vital waterways, the Red Sea and the Abbay River, both of which hold significant historical, geographical, and international legal relevance. Lecturer of Political Science and International Relations at Wollega University, Gutema Daniel, said Ethiopia, with a population exceeding 130 million, a rapidly expanding economy, and a strategic location in the Horn of Africa, requires dependable sea access to sustain its development. The historical circumstances that left Ethiopia without direct access to the sea are deeply regrettable for the nation, he said, noting that today, the issue should be understood as the legitimate aspiration of an entire generation and an existential national concern that deserves an appropriate response. Gutema stressed that Ethiopia cannot indefinitely remain constrained by its landlocked status, emphasizing that the country's pursuit of sea access is intended to promote shared prosperity and mutual benefit with neighboring countries. As Ethiopia seeks to grow alongside the countries of the region, responding positively to its legitimate quest for sea access is essential, he added. Jimma University lecturer in the Department of Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, Wakjira Takele, also emphasized that Ethiopia's pursuit of sea access should not be viewed as a matter of luxury. The international community should recognize that Ethiopia's quest for ownership of sea access is an existential issue, not a luxury, he said. According to Wakjira, Ethiopia's large and growing population, expanding industrial base, and increasing export volume make dependable maritime access increasingly important. He noted that the country continues to spend substantial amounts of foreign currency on port services while remaining landlocked, arguing that the current situation places a significant burden on the national economy. Ethiopia's population is growing rapidly, new industries are expanding, and exports are increasing. These realities make reliable sea access an economic necessity for the country's future development, he noted.

Addis Ababa, July 18, 2026 (ENA) — Securing reliable access to the sea is an existential necessity for Ethiopia, requiring a carefully planned, legally grounded, and diplomatically driven national strategy to realize the country's maritime interests, according to former Tigray Regional State Chief Administrator Gebru Asrat. Speaking to the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA), Gebru stressed that the issue demands a sustained, highly structured, and institutional approach. He cautioned that discussing the matter in vague, general terms is no longer sufficient for a challenge of this magnitude. To ensure a successful and durable outcome, Gebru recommended establishing a dedicated executive body, such as a specialized commission or ministry, tasked with compiling technical, legal, and historical documentation. He emphasized that Ethiopia must present a well-organized, equitable case to regional and international organizations, including the African Union and the United Nations. Citing international frameworks, Gebru noted that landlocked nations hold recognized transit and access rights that Ethiopia can legitimately claim on legal, historical, and economic grounds. Reflecting on Ethiopia’s maritime history, Gebru characterized the approach taken during Eritrea’s 1991 secession as a fundamental strategic blunder by the former EPRDF government. He argued that the administration prioritized temporary political tranquility over safeguarding the nation's core, long-term geopolitical interests. While Ethiopia initially lost its coastline during the era of Emperor Menelik II following Italian colonial expansion, Gebru recalled how it was later restored through the diplomatic foresight of Emperor Haile Selassie. However, the subsequent collapse of the federal relationship led to renewed conflict, culminating in Eritrea's independence. Gebru criticized the immediate recognition of Eritrea's sovereignty without any formal negotiation regarding Ethiopia’s maritime rights. This historical oversight left Ethiopia entirely landlocked after access to the ports of Assab and Massawa was severed, forcing the country to route over 90 percent of its import and export trade through Djibouti. Gebru, who first advocated for the nation's maritime rights in a book published over a decade ago, noted that current national efforts align with these long-standing, fundamental interests. However, he cautioned that this pursuit should not be rushed or driven by panic to create the mere illusion of action. Instead, it must be executed steadily over time with meticulous, long-term planning. Ultimately, Gebru underscored that Ethiopia must secure its sea access through tact, wisdom, and rigorous execution, maintaining that the country is fully entitled to maritime access under international law, history, and geographical necessity.

Addis Ababa, July 18, 2026 (ENA) — Ethiopia is making meaningful progress toward democratization through successive elections and an inclusive national dialogue, according to international political analyst McDonald Lewanika. Lewanika, Executive Director of Accountability Lab East and Southern Africa, made the remarks to ENA after participating in the Parliamentary Intelligence-Security Forum held in Addis Ababa. Reflecting on Ethiopia's recent political developments, he described the completion of the country's seventh general election as an important milestone. "I think it's a good thing that Ethiopia has just completed its seventh round of elections," Lewanika said. "When we talk about democratization and elections themselves, it is a practice that is open to continuous improvement. The only way to ensure continuous improvement is by conducting the elections in the first place." He acknowledged that elections are rarely perfect but emphasized that holding them regularly strengthens democratic institutions. "They may not be perfect, there may be misgivings, but the fact that they have taken place, I think, is definitely a good thing," he noted. "And that some people from the opposition will be represented in the parliament, I think, is a very good thing." Lewanika stressed that democracy should be viewed as an ongoing process rather than a final destination. "Democracy itself is not a destination. It is a continuous process," he explained. "It is a verb, which means it is a doing. It is not just a name of a thing. It is something that comes out through what we do." He added that elections must be complemented by sustained civic engagement and inclusive national dialogue, allowing citizens and political actors to address national challenges through peaceful means. "While there may be misgivings, while there are challenges in elections everywhere, I think it is a commendable thing that the people of Ethiopia can come together and say, 'Let us talk about our challenges and try to find a resolution to these challenges together,' not only as Africans, but as Ethiopians," he stated. Placing Ethiopia's experience within a broader continental context, Lewanika noted that Africa already possesses sound democratic frameworks. "When you look at the continental standards, we have them," he said. "The African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance and the SADC protocols on democratic governance are all solid pieces of guidance for countries on the African continent. A lot of work still needs to be done where free and fair elections are concerned on the continent." He concluded that Ethiopia's ongoing elections and national dialogue provide a solid foundation for strengthening democratic governance through continuous reform and inclusive participation.

Addis Ababa, July 18, 2026 (ENA) —TPLF is holding the people of Tigray Region back from development, former Tigray Interim Administration President Getachew Reda said, warning that the group’s forced recruitment of young people risks plunging the region into another cycle of conflict. Getachew, who also chairs the Tigray Democratic Solidarity (Simret) Party, made the remarks today during a peaceful demonstration at Meskel Square in Addis Ababa, organized by the Tigray Peace and Change Council under the theme: “Stop the Abductions; Let Peace Prevail.”   The demonstration brought together protesters denouncing the ongoing repression, abductions and the forced recruitment of young people in Tigray. The protesters called for an immediate end to the recruitment of youth for military purposes, insisting that a new generation must not again be mobilized for war. Getachew called for an organized effort to raise public awareness and ensure the full implementation of the Pretoria Cessation of Hostilities Agreement. He also demanded an end to the alleged trafficking of young people to Sudan, arguing that the TPLF’s actions are preventing the people of Tigray from pursuing peace, development and a better future. Getachew further noted that the Pretoria Agreement had brought relief and opened a path toward recovery for the people of Tigray, but the progress achieved since then has been reversed. He accused the defunct TPLF of overthrowing the interim administration and replacing it with a structure of its own. He further alleged that the group has continued forcibly recruiting young people into military camps, warning that such actions could expose the region to renewed devastation. Getachew also blamed the TPLF of committing serious abuses against civilians, including allegedly taking children from their mothers and imprisoning mothers who resist the recruitment of their children.   Braving rain and cold weather, demonstrators gathered early hours of this morning at Meskel Square to call for an end to what they described as escalating repression, abductions and forced recruitment in Tigray. The protesters appealed to the federal government and the international community to take note of the worsening security situation and called for the protection of civilians, an end to forced recruitment and the preservation of peace in the region.   Their central message was clear: Tigray’s youth must not once again be sacrificed to war, and the region must be allowed to pursue peace, stability and development.

Addis Ababa, July 18, 2026 (ENA) —Braving rain and cold weather, demonstrators gathered at Meskel Square in Addis Ababa early this morning to protest the growing repression, abductions and the forced recruitment of young people in Ethiopia’s Tigray Region. Organized by the Tigray Peace and Change Council under the theme: “Stop the Abductions; Let Peace Prevail,” the peaceful demonstration sought to draw the attention of the federal government and the international community to a worsening security crisis in escalated by illegal TPLF. The protesters called for an immediate end to the abduction and forcible recruitment of young people for military purposes, insisting that the region’s youth must not once again be mobilized for war.   “Stop the abductions. End forced recruitment. Let peace prevail in Tigray,” was the central message of the demonstration. The organizers accused the now-defunct Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) of subjecting the people of Tigray to multifaceted repression, coercion and continued suffering. Despite the difficult weather conditions, the demonstrators remained at the square, determined to make their voices heard and demand action against abductions, coercion and the forced mobilization of young people. The protest comes amid growing international attention to allegations of forced conscription and human rights abuses in Tigray.   The United States has imposed targeted visa restrictions on certain hardline TPLF members and their immediate family members, while Human Rights Watch has also raised concerns over alleged forced recruitment in the region. For the demonstrators, the message was clear: young people must not be forced into another war, abductions must end, and peace must prevail in Tigray.

Addis Ababa, July 17, 2026 (ENA) — Former Tigray Chief Administrator Gebru Asrat said the banned TPLF breached the Pretoria Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA) from the moment it was signed, alleging that the group increasingly acted as a proxy for foreign interests while undermining Ethiopia's peace process. Speaking to ENA, the veteran Ethiopian politician and former senior TPLF leader said the illegal group failed to honor the commitments it undertook under the Pretoria Agreement. He described the banned TPLF as a Trojan horse for anti-Ethiopian forces, exposing that it has served the interests of external actors, including the Eritrean regime and others seeking to destabilize Ethiopia. According to Gebru, divisions emerged within the TPLF leadership immediately after the signing of the November 2022 Pretoria Agreement, with hardliners rejecting key provisions of the accord and opposing its full implementation. "The agreement was rejected from the very beginning by key leaders within the TPLF," he said., rather than implementing it faithfully, they pursued actions that contradicted both its letter and spirit. Gebru underscored that the group continued engaging with foreign actors on issues that, under the agreement, fall within the constitutional mandate of Ethiopia's federal government. He further accused the defunct TPLF of failing to fulfill its obligations under the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) process. The group retained heavy weapons and reinforced its military structures instead of completing the agreed disarmament, the veteran revealed. According to him, these actions have fueled renewed instability in Tigray region, deepened humanitarian challenges and delayed the region's post-conflict recovery. The former chief administrator said insecurity has displaced thousands of civilians, disrupted livelihoods and forced many young people to migrate to other parts of Ethiopia or undertake dangerous journeys toward the Middle East and North Africa in search of economic opportunities. "The farming season has been interrupted," Gebru said, noting that: "Many farmers have been unable to cultivate their land, while young people are either hiding or leaving the region because of the insecurity." He added that fears of renewed conflict have discouraged investment and slowed reconstruction efforts, undermining prospects for sustainable economic recovery across Tigray. Warning against a return to war, Gebru underlined that another armed conflict would neither restore what has been lost nor deliver democratic governance. "Experience has shown that armed struggle often replaces one form of oppression with another," he said. He further stressed that lasting political change can only be achieved through peaceful and lawful political processes. Identifying key factors that could help safeguard the peace process, Gebru called for sustained public pressure from the people of Tigray and continued diplomatic engagement by the international community. He called on both the United States and the European Union to pressurize the group to fully implement the Pretoria Cessation of Hostilities Agreement and refrain from actions that could jeopardize the fragile peace. While saying that the banned TPLF may view prolonged instability as politically advantageous, Gebru stated that no armed movement lacking broad public support and international backing is likely to succeed. He also blamed the group's armed activities have extended beyond Ethiopia's borders, including into neighboring Sudan. Gebru called on the federal government to intensify support for internally displaced persons, unemployed youth and other communities whose lives have been severely affected by renewed insecurity. "The government must prioritize restoring the livelihoods of those whose economic and social lives have been disrupted and help them return to normal life," he said.

Addis Ababa, July 17, 2026 (ENA) — Ethiopia has assumed the Presidency of the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS), according to the Ministry of Finance. The Presidency was assumed during the OACPS Council of Ministers Meeting that brought together ministers and senior government officials from the organization's 79 member states to discuss key policy, institutional, and strategic priorities from July 15-16.   Following the official handover of the Presidency, Finance State Minister Semereta Sewasew said Ethiopia is committed to a results-oriented chairmanship focused on expanding economic opportunities, mobilizing sustainable financing, strengthening partnerships, and delivering tangible benefits to citizens across OACPS member countries.     She reaffirmed Ethiopia's commitment to reinforcing the OACPS as a dynamic platform for economic cooperation, sustainable development, and coordinated engagement on global issues. During talks with the outgoing OACPS President Moussa Saleh Batraki, the two sides discussed Ethiopia's priorities for its chairmanship, measures to enhance the organization's effectiveness and visibility, and ways to deepen cooperation with international partners. They also pledged to work closely throughout Ethiopia's tenure to advance the organization's strategic objectives. Ethiopia's assumption of the OACPS Presidency marks a significant milestone in the country's international engagement and provides an opportunity to strengthen cooperation among developing countries while advancing a more inclusive and effective multilateral system.

Addis Ababa, July 17, 2026 (ENA) —Ethiopia’s quest for sea access is firmly grounded in established legal principles, international law and regional agreements that guarantee landlocked states the right of access to the sea, the Libyan Professor Saad Salama, said. The Libyan scholar is in Ethiopia to attend the National Dialogue conference that opened on Tuesday. He wrote on LinkedIn that "as part of my academic and professional interest in national dialogue and peace building, I am currently in Ethiopia to observe the launch of the National Dialogue process and to examine this experience firsthand". According to him, Ethiopia and Libya share many common challenges and circumstances, making the study of the mechanisms of dialogue management and national consensus a valuable source of lessons and insights that may contribute to and inform the Libyan context. Speaking to Pulse of Africa (POA) on access to sea, the Professor stressed that the right of landlocked countries is not contingent upon political considerations or the positions of other states. It is based on well-established legal norms designed to enable such countries to exercise their economic and commercial rights in a manner that promotes sustainable development. According to the Professor, Ethiopia’s position on the issue is not driven by expansionist ambitions, but by a legal right recognized under international law; and the matter should be addressed within the framework of regional cooperation and the pursuit of shared interests among countries in the region. “All international laws and regional legal frameworks grant landlocked states the right to have access to the sea. It is a legitimate legal demand, and international law guarantees all landlocked countries the right of access to maritime outlets.” He further noted that Ethiopia’s history reflects a long-standing connection with the sea, pointing out that for much of its history the country was not landlocked. Ethiopia’s geographical location and its proximity to the Red Sea also reinforce the rationale for pursuing cooperative solutions that serve the interests of all parties. Professor Salama further highlighted Ethiopia’s significant economic and demographic potential, saying that any arrangements facilitating the country’s access to the sea would positively impact trade, investment, and regional economic integration across the Horn of Africa. He added that statements issued by Ethiopia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the matter demonstrate an approach based on cooperation and partnership, consistent with Ethiopia’s broader engagement on regional issues. Ethiopia’s official position emphasizes mutual benefit and constructive engagement rather than confrontation, he noted. He underscored that “Ethiopia’s aspiration to secure maritime access should not be portrayed as a favor or a grant from neighboring countries or coastal states. It is an inherent right guaranteed by all international legal instruments”. Moreover, the country’s participation in joint maritime and logistics projects could create new opportunities for growth, prosperity, and regional economic cooperation. Concluding his remarks, Professor Salama said that addressing Ethiopia’s quest for sea access should be guided by the principles of international law and the spirit of regional cooperation. Such an approach, he noted, would help strengthen stability, promote economic development, deepen integration among the countries of the Horn of Africa, and advance the long-term interests of the peoples of the region.