By Staff Writer Addis Ababa, December 5, 2025—Resolving Ethiopia’s long-standing demand for access to sea is indispensable for strengthening regional cooperation and accelerating shared economic growth, scholars noted. Ethiopia's quest for access to sea is widely recognized as a fundamental national priority, which that is essential for safeguarding the country's national interests, fueling economic development, and ensuring geopolitical stability, peace, and security across the region. The quest for maritime outlet is also firmly anchored in international law, historical precedent, and geopolitical principles. Emphasized as a highly rational claim, its core objective is to correct the historical injustice and establish a solution founded on the principle of mutual benefit and reciprocity. Historical records bear witness to Ethiopia's past glory as a major power that commanded an extensive coastline, including a significant presence in the Red Sea region, and even maintained own naval force. This demand for access to sea from a nation with such a significant history is not a sudden whim, but a matter of national survival rooted in genuine historical principle. The current request, consistent with both historical fact and international legislation, aims to repair this historical fracture and secure both national dignity and critical interests. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, in his recent address to the House of People's Representatives, stressed that Ethiopia’s Red Sea demand is legally, historically, geographically, and economically sound. This necessity is amplified by the country’s rapid economic expansion and its massive population, which now exceeds 120 million. Ethiopia has consistently demonstrated its commitment to peaceful, diplomatic negotiation, repeatedly clarifying its willingness to engage under the framework of international law and the principle of mutual gain. PM Abiy confirmed that the multifaceted efforts to reclaim the maritime access lost three decades ago due to conspiracy will continue unabated. Tilahun Tefera, a lead researcher at the Ethiopian Policy Study Institute (PSI), pointed to the historical injustice that stripped Ethiopia of its sovereign sea access. He called upon scholars, diplomats, media professionals, and the diaspora to vigorously advocate for the nation’s maritime aspirations and national interests. Stressing that sea access is fundamentally a matter of national sovereignty, the lead researcher underscored the need to intensify diplomatic efforts to achieve a successful resolution. He also highlighted that the PSI is conducting continuous research into the geopolitical, social, and economic justifications for the demand. Given Ethiopia's immense economic capacity and large population, he concluded that securing a maritime outlet will make a profound contribution to regional growth, peace, and security. Similarly, Gashaw Ayferam, a researcher in African Affairs at the Institute of Foreign Affairs, characterized the loss of Ethiopia’s sea access as an unjust historical wrong that resulted from a combination of internal weaknesses and external pressures. He reiterated that the demand for a maritime outlet is a crucial national agenda that will facilitate regional geopolitical and economic advancement, foster cooperation in peace and security, and ultimately serve to mend a significant historical fracture.

  By Mola Mitiku Ethiopia’s development vision reflects a firm national decision to pursue progress on the basis of fairness, sovereignty and long term stability. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam emerged from this conviction, symbolizing Ethiopia’s determination to use its resources responsibly despite continuous external pressure. This demonstrates that the country’s development is anchored in domestic priorities rather than the shifting agendas of regional geopolitics. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has described the dam as “a living testament to generations to come” and said it represents “justice for the Ethiopian people, who have waited so long under an unjust world order system.” He explained that its completion was made possible through collective sacrifice expressed as “a drop of blood, a drop of sweat, a drop of tears, and a drop of water.” This sentiment resonates across the population, reflecting a broad national belief that Ethiopia’s internal needs take precedence over outside demands. The government’s decisions on energy, water and regional integration follow constitutional responsibilities and the needs of a growing population. This is why the dam has become more than a power project. It is a clear manifestation of Ethiopia’s resolve to secure sustainable development and equitable access to natural resources for present and future generations. Persistent Destabilizing Actions Although Ethiopia consistently advocates mutual benefit and regional cooperation, its efforts have long been met with resistance from Egypt and, in various periods, Eritrea. Their actions have often undermined Ethiopia’s stability and obstructed economic development. Egypt’s strategy has centered on maintaining dominance over the Nile. Its objections to any development on the Abbay River trace back many decades. The foundation of this position lies in claims of “historic rights” linked to the 1929 and 1959 treaties that excluded Ethiopia and other upstream countries while granting Egypt near total control of the river. These agreements contradict modern international norms requiring equitable and reasonable use of shared watercourses. The 1997 Convention on the Law of Non Navigational Uses of International Watercourses stipulates that countries must use such resources “in an equitable and reasonable manner” and must cooperate on their development. Egypt’s position runs contrary to this principle. Yacob Arsano noted that Egypt’s argument “originates in colonial and neocolonial assertions” designed to deny upstream nations their rightful share. He explained that Egypt’s strategy has historically relied on keeping Ethiopia in what Egyptian planners have described as “continued socioeconomic, technological, national security and defense backwardness” in order to secure their own interests. This has included the provision of “training, ammunition, logistics” to groups seeking to destabilize Ethiopia at various times. These actions have reinforced mistrust and complicated attempts at regional cooperation. Egypt has also used international platforms to obstruct Ethiopia’s work on the Abbay. This included repeated efforts to take the GERD issue to the United Nations Security Council to generate outside pressure. Cairo has persisted in lobbying international institutions to deny funding for hydropower and irrigation projects along the river, a strategy clearly intended to limit Ethiopia’s ability to use its own natural resources. Recently, the country has repeatedly announced that it never procceed any dialogue with Ethiopia, which contradicts mutual development and equitable resource utilization along the Nile Basin. These actions collectively seek to prevent Ethiopia from utilizing its own resources responsibly. Their cumulative effect has been to hinder reconstruction, weaken governance structures and erode social cohesion. Ethiopia’s Firm Stance Ethiopia has repeatedly stated that unilateral control of the Nile is no longer acceptable. The GERD signals a structural shift in regional dynamics and confirms that upstream countries are not bound by colonial era arrangements designed to suppress their interests. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized this point, saying the dam “marks the end of Ethiopia’s long history of unfulfilled aspirations to harness the Abay River.” Ethiopia’s position is grounded in international water law and the principle of equitable and reasonable use. Professor Ahmed Zekaria described the dam as “a vivid indicator of a possibility of reversal in African history of poverty through equitable utilization of resources.” The Cooperative Framework Agreement, now in force, stands as an important continental achievement. It represents a collective commitment among riparian states to govern the Nile on the basis of fairness and shared benefit. In connection to the recent repeated rejection of the Eyptian officials to engage in dialogue, Ethiopia still responded only dialogue and cooperation should be the way in resolving challenges along the Nile Basin. In a statement released on 3 December 2025, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said Egypt’s repeated rejection of talks, coupled with “veiled and not so veiled threats,” shows “the failure of the Egyptian government to come to terms with the realities of the twenty first century.” The ministry said Egyptian officials remain “steeped in colonial era mentality,” still convinced that they possess exclusive rights over the river. It noted that this argument depends on “colonial era treaties” and claims of “historical rights” that Ethiopia rejects. The statement accused Egypt of pursuing a longstanding strategy aimed at keeping the Horn of Africa “pliant, weak and fragmented” to maintain influence. It described this approach as a “misguided” continuation of outdated thinking and said it is time for Cairo to “retire this obsolete playbook that has never cowed Ethiopia.” The statement underscored Ethiopia’s long history as a champion of Pan African causes, saying the country “has no room to accommodate the vestiges of colonialism that Cairo is finding difficult to eschew.” It highlighted that the Abbay River contributes 86 percent of the Nile’s flow and that Ethiopia has a clear right to utilize resources found within its borders. It affirmed that all riparian countries are entitled to equitable and reasonable use and said Ethiopia “has no obligation to seek permission from anyone.” According to the ministry, Egypt’s rejection of dialogue has become overt. While Egypt once “pretended to engage in negotiations,” it now openly refuses and intensifies hostile rhetoric “with a clear intention to orchestrate an escalation.” The statement called this posture irresponsible and urged regional and global actors to raise their voices against it. It concluded that Ethiopia will continue to pursue development anchored in fairness and cooperation while firmly upholding its rights and openness to “win win solutions” for shared prosperity. Conclusion Ethiopia’s developmental direction marks a decisive break from outdated regional power arrangements. The country is charting a path that prioritizes energy security, fairness in resource sharing and wider economic opportunity. The GERD has become the defining symbol of this shift, demonstrating how national determination can prevail over diplomatic obstruction and external pressure. Ethiopia remains focused on strengthening stability, protecting sovereign decision making and safeguarding the rights of its people. The country looks ahead to a future built on cooperation and mutual benefit, even as it works diligently to sustain a development trajectory anchored in national resolve rather than geopolitical storms.

By Temesgen Assefa The three Ethiopian Journalists shine at the IGAD Media Awards 2025, marking the country's growing excellence in media across the region. The newsroom at Ethiopian News Agency buzzed with excitement as Getnet Shenkute was announced as a victor at the award. Across town at Sheger FM, veteran broadcaster Meaza Biru received congratulations from colleagues who had watched her trailblazing career span decades. Meanwhile, at Oromia Broadcasting Network, Shimekit Legese celebrated recognition for storytelling that bridges communities through the power of indigenous language. These three Ethiopian journalists had just made history at the 3rd IGAD Media Awards 2025, marking a remarkable milestone in the country's media landscape. Ethiopia's triumph with three awards represents more than individual achievement, it signals the nation's steady ascent in regional journalism excellence. A Story of Rising Excellence The numbers tell a compelling story of growth. Last year, two Ethiopian journalists, Girmachew Tsigey and Misikr Awel, claimed victories in the Print and National Language categories respectively. Now, in 2025, Ethiopia has reached new heights with three distinguished awards, placing the country among the top performers alongside Kenya, Uganda, and Somalia in this year's competition. This progression from two to three awards reflects not just luck, but the systematic improvement of Ethiopian journalism and its growing recognition on the regional stage. Diverse Voices, Unified Impact Under the theme "Storytelling for Climate Action: For a Secure, Resilient, and Stable Region," this year's winners showcase the breadth of Ethiopian media excellence. Getnet Shenkute's digital media award for "Climate Intelligence for Survival: IGAD's Push for Accurate and Actionable Climate Data" demonstrates how Ethiopian journalists are mastering new technologies to deliver critical information. His innovative storytelling approach ensures that vital climate data reaches audiences who need it most. Meaza Biru's lifetime achievement award carries special significance, representing decades of pioneering work in Ethiopian radio journalism. As a founder of Sheger FM 102.1, she has not only informed communities but inspired countless young journalists who now follow in her footsteps. Her recognition reflects the deep roots of excellence in Ethiopian media. Shimekit Legese's triumph in indigenous language reporting brings another dimension to Ethiopia's success. His work in Afan Oromo, demonstrates how local languages can powerfully convey universal messages about environmental protection and community resilience. Building Regional Leadership The 2025 IGAD Media Awards recognized 20 outstanding journalists across the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia's three awards, position the country as a force in regional media excellence. This achievement becomes even more meaningful when viewed against the backdrop of Ethiopia's consistent improvement over the past three years. As the Horn of Africa grapples with climate change, conflict, and development challenges, Ethiopian journalists are proving themselves equal to the task of telling these complex stories with skill and sensitivity. Their work spans multiple platforms, from traditional radio to cutting edge digital media, ensuring that important narratives reach diverse audiences across linguistic and cultural boundaries.     The awards celebrate not just individual talent but the strengthening of Ethiopia's entire media ecosystem. Each victory represents countless hours of dedicated reporting, the support of news organizations investing in quality journalism, and a growing commitment to stories that matter for regional development and climate resilience. A Platform for Greater Impact These achievements extend beyond recognition to create opportunities for collaboration and knowledge sharing among IGAD member states. Ethiopian journalists are increasingly seen as valuable contributors to regional dialogue, bringing unique perspectives shaped by the country's diverse communities and complex challenges. The success of Getnet, Meaza, and Shimekit inspires a new generation of Ethiopian journalists while demonstrating that consistent effort and quality storytelling receive international recognition. Their work serves as a bridge between local communities and global conversations about climate action and sustainable development. As Ethiopia continues this upward trajectory in media excellence, these three awards mark not an endpoint but a milestone in an ongoing journey. The progression onwards suggests that Ethiopian journalism is finding its voice on the regional stage, ready to tackle the urgent stories that will shape the Horn of Africa's future. In celebrating these achievements, we celebrate not just individual excellence but Ethiopia's growing capacity to contribute meaningfully to the regional media landscape, one compelling story at a time.

Op-ed By Ledet Muleta, BSN, MPH Addis Ababa, December 2, 2025— Recently, Addis Ababa inaugurated a newly constructed building with 320 beds for inpatient care at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, one of the city's most historic medical institutions. But what stood out that day was not just the size of the building; it was the symbol it carried. For decades, Addis has suffered from limited health infrastructure, aging facilities, and chronic shortages. That morning, I felt we were witnessing the beginning of a new era in public health. The hospital includes a newly established Oxygen Production Center, an achievement of tremendous significance. For years, oxygen supply shortages had threatened the lives of residents. Having worked in public health, including during the Ebola and COVID-19 crises, I know firsthand how oxygen shortages can determine life-or-death outcomes. Seeing an oxygen production center fully equipped not only to supply Zewditu Memorial Hospital but also to support surrounding hospitals felt like witnessing a critical lifeline finally being secured. My journey in healthcare spans more than a decade, including a long tenure at the world-renowned National Institutes of Health (NIH), where I worked as a senior team member responding to critical public health challenges, advancing research, and supporting global emergency responses. Those years gave me a deep understanding of how strong public health systems are built and the responsibility governments carry to ensure their people have access to reliable infrastructure and quality care. Throughout my time at NIH, I often wished that Ethiopia, my birthplace, would one day give similar priority to building more hospitals, diagnostic centers, and research institutions. Today, I can confidently say that progress is here. Under the leadership of Addis Ababa City Mayor, Adanech Abiebie, healthcare has been given the urgency it has long deserved. The administration understands what many cities learned the hard way: that no society thrives without dependable medical services. For residents, it's dignity and a lifeline. For investors and diplomats, it's security. For our economy, it's the difference between retaining foreign currency or losing millions to medical tourism. But the expansion at Zewditu is only the beginning: three more hospitals are now under construction, expected to add 1,500 new beds to the city’s healthcare system. Designed to modern standards—surgical suites, maternal and child health wings, diagnostic centers, and emergency units—they are addressing a crisis that has overwhelmed Addis Ababa’s facilities for decades. These investments mean shorter waiting times, reduced pressure on overburdened hospitals, and a healthcare system finally built to support a growing city. Beyond the clinical benefits, the impact is deeply human: families will no longer be forced to leave their communities—or their country—in search of care that should be available at home. There will be fewer preventable deaths, less emotional strain of being away from loved ones, and a more secure, self-reliant Addis Ababa. I have watched Addis Ababa prioritize public health not only through its infrastructure projects—riverside development, corridors, and parks—but also through long-overdue investments in hospitals and health professionals. Combined with education reforms and new incentives for the health workforce, the city is heading toward a true healthcare renaissance. Having spent many years as a public health expert and witnessing firsthand what healthcare means to citizens, I feel privileged to serve in an administration that is building a healthier future for its people. The expansion of Zewditu and the construction of three additional hospitals are more than infrastructure; they are clear expressions of commitment, confidence, and care. Through decisive leadership, targeted investment, evidence-driven policy, and private-sector collaboration, Addis Ababa is charting a new path in urban health and is steadily moving toward the standards long achieved by developed cities.

By Molla Mitiku One of the most consequential moments in the diplomatic history of Ethiopia was attending the G20 Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, in the 22nd and 23rd November 2025. It was for the first time that Ethiopia entered such a forum with clearly outlined objectives and a stance. Indeed, Ethiopia succeeded in shaping discussions over global governance; it voiced African priorities and obtained concrete partnerships matching its national development agenda. That summit, which was held for the first time on African soil, has created a unique environment wherein Ethiopia could speak not only for itself but also as one of the key voices representing the aspirations of the continent. Ethiopian delegation led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed attende the summit. Ethiopia displayed its all-rounded capability including structural reforms, economic recalibration, and regional engagement in that high-level summit. Hence, the G20 was meant to be an opportunity for the Ethiopian leadership to showcase progress on macroeconomic stability, modernization of infrastructure, and climate leadership. In Johannesburg, Ethiopia was positioning itself as an emerging voice for the transformation of Africa, a leader in climate action, and a nation intent on building modern institutions anchored in technology, sustainability, and cooperation. It explores expanded support from global financial institutions, the strengthening of bilateral ties with major economies, elevation of African priorities in global debates, and the broader meaning of Ethiopia’s visible ascent in international leadership. This feature, therefore, examines the depth of Ethiopia’s achievements at the G20 Summit. In this regard, the following sections show how the summit became a platform for long-term gains that extend far beyond the two days of meetings. Elevating Diplomatic, Global Partnerships The presence of Ethiopia at the G20 carried much weight, given that the summit was the first to be held on African soil and fell well within the ongoing reform chapter the country embarked upon. The setting in Johannesburg provided just about the right stage at precisely the right time. Ahmed Shide, Ethiopia's Minister of Finance, said that the objective was presenting Ethiopia as “a nation that is no longer asking for support but seeking partnership built on shared growth.” Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed also reinforced that “Ethiopia comes to the G20 with a spirit of cooperation and clarity. We seek partnerships that reflect long-term commitment and mutual benefit. Ethiopia positioned itself for a future shaped by investment, technology, and climate resilience. Its participation underlined that reforms in Ethiopia are not just stopgap adjustments but part of broader transformations to boost productivity, modernize institutions, and contribute meaningfully to global governance. So far, the government of Ethiopia has been working on strengthening its global partnership and at the G20 Summit; this engagement was made in a practical way, openly with all countries regardless of their political, religious, and economic status, including partners across the world and the continent. The country made such unrestricted relations due to its major legacy ‘Medemer’ literally referring to synergy and cooperation. In connection with the country's bilateral engagement, Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos confirmed that the approach is an extension of the country's "synergy legacy developed in the country." In connection to diplomatic and global partnership, the summit provided Ethiopia with an opportunity to engage the leaders of major global economies and emerging powers. These consultations were more focused on practical areas of cooperation than diplomatic formality and formed a venue for reinforcing the relationships hinged on mutual imperatives for development. One of the most significant bilateral engagements was with South Africa. Discussions by the two countries outlined the possibility of anchoring deeper continental cooperation. The conversations centered on how to expand regional integration, attract new investment flows, and exchange best practices in urban development. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said that Addis Ababa “has become one of the most dynamic examples of modern African urban planning.” The governments agreed to deepen cooperation in trade, energy, aviation, and digital transformation. The European countries, including Germany's Chancellor Olaf Scholz and France's President Emmanuel Macron, showed restored interest in the reform trajectory of Ethiopia. The European Prime Minister noted Ethiopia's efforts toward the diversification of its economy, and its readiness for further development through industrial and digital transformation. Ethiopia further solidified its relations with countries from Asia and the Middle East. Indonesia, India, South Korea, Vietnam, and Turkey, among others, have engaged extensively with PM Abiy Ahmed on industrial development, digital infrastructure, agricultural modernization, and improvement in logistics. All these countries showed readiness to explore investment opportunities in Ethiopian industrial parks and economic corridors. Having expanded its diplomatic footprint, Ethiopia also engaged with the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres applauded the efforts of Ethiopia to advance peace and stability both at home and across the region. In his meeting with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, he lauded Ethiopia’s “renewed commitment to regional dialogue and security cooperation” World Bank President Ajay Banga also supported investments by Ethiopia in infrastructure, emphasized modernization as part of the country's development model, relating to logistics, aviation, and digital networks. All these engagements have taken Ethiopia's continental and global diplomatic relations up a notch into a new chapter. In this regard, Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos emphasized, "Our objective was to present Ethiopia as a nation which steps forward with solutions, not demands, seeking partnerships based on mutual benefit. Voicing African Priorities Under the country's ‘Medemer’ philosophy, Ethiopia used the G20 platform to push for continental economic integration and structural reforms that reflect the reality of African economies. In this regard, Ethiopia voiced for debt reform, a continental pivotal issue. In connection to this fact, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed argued, "Developing countries cannot modernize their economies while burdened by unsustainable debt." He further emphasized on strengthening health systems across the continent and presented Ethiopia's community-based health system as a scalable model that fuses external support with local ownership to deliver services at a national level. Hence, Ethiopia utilized the platform to voice continental matters so that the advocacy placed Ethiopia not only as a beneficiary of support but also as a contributor of workable development solutions for the Global South. Secured New Commitments & Finance The most salient achievement of Ethiopia from the Johannesburg summit was the commitment from all major Global Financial Institutions. These engagements went beyond general pledging, focusing on concrete priority project support, macroeconomic reforms, and climate initiatives. It provided Ethiopia with an opportunity to align its national priorities with the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and African Development Bank's strategic agendas, leading to a series of strengthened commitments. The World Bank announced that the Bank was ready to expand its engagement with Ethiopia, reiterating its support for large-scale infrastructure investments, and emphasizing that Ethiopia has been on a clear development trajectory, adding that it is ready to scale up its support for transformative projects such as the Bishoftu Mega Airport. The IMF, represented by its Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva, praised the country's latest macroeconomic adjustments. She said, "The recent economic measures taken by the country are steps anchored in responsible management and long-term national vision." In a post on social media after his meeting with Georgieva, Prime Minister Abiy also said, "I held a constructive bilateral meeting with IMF managing director Georgieva during which we discussed global economic trends, our national economic reforms, and opportunities to strengthen cooperation in support of sustainable and inclusive growth". The President of the African Development Bank, Akinwumi Adesina, on his part hailed Ethiopia as "a model of committed development leadership." The Bank's president confirmed sustained collaboration in strategic projects that include the Bishoftu Mega Airport, industrial corridors, clean energy development, and digital transformation projects. Ethiopia also managed to have financial fund by engaging Executive Director of the Global Fund in this regard, Ethiopia and the Global Fund officials have discussed on the instrumental grants in expanding primary healthcare networks, strengthening disease prevention systems and supporting nation-wide community health services. Model for Climate Action Ethiopia showcased its Green Legacy Initiative (GLI), one of the most ambitious environmental restoration programs from Africa, to the entire world. The country has successfully sown more than 48 billion seedlings over the past years. Fitsum Assefa, Minister of Planning and Development, underlined the success of the initiative beyond mere planting: "The GLI has been a resounding success for the development and protection of Ethiopia's natural resources, not only for the economy but also in the fight against the ravages of climate change." The initiative is also cited to have big economic benefits, largely through the increased export revenues with millions of coffee and fruit seedlings planted. Press Secretary at the Office of Prime Minister Billene Seyoum, on her part, has pointed out that GLI was a demonstration of Ethiopia’s commitment to sustainability and environmental stewardship, and has “drawn attention and support from several world leaders.” Therefere, the significance of the GLI goes well beyond its borders, with its potential as a model for African climate action and sustainable development. Through its integrated approach to reforestation and agroforestry, the program holds great promise to tackle a number of continent-wide scourges: desertification, soil erosion, and food insecurity. It was also previously reported that at the Second Africa Climate Summit, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed announced Ethiopia's official bid to host the Conference of the Parties (COP 32) in 2027. This is due to its strong environmental credentials, primarily highlighted by the GLI demonstrating a sustainable, community-driven effort to restore watersheds, protect soil, and create jobs. Ethiopia's proposal to host the crucial global climate policy forum signals its readiness to assume a leadership role and show that the continent can be "the continent of solutions." Promote Trade and Investment Investment promotion and an articulation of its economic potential perhaps dominated the agenda of Ethiopia in the just-ended G20 summit. The Ethiopian delegation sought to attract foreign capital by underlining key sectors primed for growth, including aviation, energy, manufacturing, tourism, digital services, and agriculture. Ethiopia is accomplishing successful works through expanding education and infrastructure and by "creating a conducive environment for foreign investment." This proactive attitude stimulated much international interest, with several countries that showed avid interest in expanding trade relations and exploring industrial partnerships. In connection to this, Ethiopian delegation held meetings with heads of state from major economies that included France, Germany, Finland, Brazil, the UK, South Korea, and Vietnam, squarely on economic growth, climate action, and multilateral cooperation. Conclusion Participation in the 2025 G20 Summit in Johannesburg marked one more milestone in Ethiopia's modern-day diplomacy to position itself as a proactive, credible, and solution-oriented partner on the world stage. This engagement affirmed Ethiopia's readiness for high-level, solution-oriented diplomacy, showcasing its ability to articulate the needs of developing nations and contribute meaningfully toward global economic and climate governance. The most concrete achievement of the event was the commitments obtained from major international financial institutions, a critical signal of restored confidence in the nation's economic reforms and long-term development strategy. As Finance Minister Ahmed Shide reaffirmed, these pledges "confirm the confidence of the world in Ethiopian economic reforms and future potential." Beyond that, Ethiopia's extensive range of bilateral engagements showed that major global economies see it as a worthy partner on a series of key issues-trade, investment, technology, and climate action. The summit gave Ethiopia a significant boost in its diplomatic standing. Foreign Minister, Gedion Timothewos, underscored this shift, "This repositions Ethiopia as a key voice in global affairs and a credible partner for sustainable development." This visibility, coupled with the emphasis on national initiatives such as the community-based health system, economic reforms, and climate action, acts to undergird a message of national ownership and global cooperation being necessary for sustainable development. Going forward, its increased global profile is expected to improve the country's influence at multilateral platforms and in future diplomatic engagements. In addition to national interests, the Ethiopian delegation strongly represented African priorities, such as debt relief, fair development financing, and climate justice, reaffirming its leadership role on the continent. The summit offered Ethiopia an important opportunity to amplify Africa's priorities, and to foster partnerships that support peace, stability, and inclusive growth.Shortly, the Johannesburg summit showed a reflection of unity of purpose, strategic messaging, and clear national priorities. As Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed succinctly captured, the summit has "opened new pathways for Ethiopia’s development, diplomacy and influence," leveraging the generated momentum as a catalyst for broader national and regional progress.

By Henok Tadele Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Singapore's Prime Minister Lawrence Wong stood together at the National Palace announcing a comprehensive partnership that brings together Africa's fastest-developing economy with one of Asia's most advanced nations. Their joint press conference marked not just a diplomatic milestone, but the beginning of a transformative alliance that showcases how resource-rich Africa and knowledge-rich Asia can shape the future together. The Perfect Match - Speed Meets Sophistication "I think this is the right time for every developed nation to turn their face to Africa because without bringing the potentials that we have from both sides, there is no way that we can fulfill the demand which is arising from our people," Prime Minister Abiy said, articulating the fundamental logic behind this ground-breaking partnership. Ethiopia, recognized as one of the world's fastest-growing economies in recent years, represents the dynamism and potential of modern Africa. Singapore, having transformed itself from a developing port city to a global financial and technology hub within decades, brings the institutional knowledge and technical expertise that can accelerate Ethiopia's remarkable trajectory. Prime Minister Wong said "… we see Ethiopia as an ancient civilization with a long and proud history of diverse people and tremendous potential to do much more going forward." In his social media post, PM Wong also posted ‘‘Singapore and Ethiopia are both gateways to our respective regions. By deepening our partnership, we are building a bridge between Southeast Asia and Africa that will benefit our peoples for years to come.’’ According to him, Singapore’s decision to open a new embassy in Addis Ababa will be a significant milestone, serving as a vital link not just to Ethiopia, but to the African Union and the wider continent. Africa's Abundant Resources Meet Asia's Advanced Know-How The partnership brilliantly illustrates how Africa's vast natural wealth can combine with Asia's technological advancement to create unprecedented opportunities. As Prime Minister Abiy emphasized, "We have human capital, we have land, we have fresh water, we have huge potential for clean energy, we have good policies, we're investment ready as a continent." Ethiopia specifically brings to the table some of Africa's most valuable assets, a population of over 130 million people representing a massive consumer market and workforce, vast agricultural potential in a continent that could feed the world, significant mineral resources including gold and rare earth elements, and enormous renewable energy capacity through hydroelectric and solar power. The country's strategic location as the gateway to East Africa and its role as host to the African Union headquarters add geopolitical significance to its economic assets. Singapore complements these resources with what Prime Minister Abiy called "capital resources and skilled human capital" that are missing elements in Africa. Singapore's expertise spans advanced urban planning, digital governance systems, logistics and supply chain management, financial services and fintech innovation, sustainable development practices, and institutional governance frameworks that have proven effective in rapid economic transformation. Comprehensive Cooperation Across Strategic Sectors The Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) signed outlined cooperation across multiple sectors that could benefit both economies. Digital Transformation and Logistics: "Collaboration on smart mobility, logistic technology and digital public infrastructure are the areas that we would like to work with your country," Prime Minister Abiy said, highlighting Singapore's immense potential in this sector. Trade and Investment: Both leaders agreed to strengthen ties on trade investment with a focus on logistics, manufacturing, aviation and tourism. Prime Minister Abiy invited "Singaporean investors to explore opportunities in industrial parks, in agro-industrial plants, in cities, in mining sectors." Skills Development and Institution Building: The partnership includes what Prime Minister Abiy called skilled development and institution building, recognizing that everyone gets inspired by Singapore's governance, its institutional ability, and the way it provide services for citizens. Green Urban Planning: Ethiopia seeks to learn from Singapore's experience in creating clean, green, beautiful cities. Prime Minister Abiy explained, "We really want to learn from you on how you plan on building such beautiful cities, such a connected infrastructure and such also beautiful spaces for neighborhood to come together." Mutual Benefits - Building Asia-Africa Bridge The partnership's genius lies in its mutual benefit structure. Singapore gains strategic access to Africa's fastest-growing economy and through it, the entire continent. "As hubs in our respective parts of the world, Singapore and Ethiopia can catalyze more trade and investment flows between Southeast Asia and Africa," Prime Minister Wong explained. For Singapore, this partnership opens doors to Africa's 1.3 billion people and abundant natural resources while positioning the city-state as the premier Asian gateway to African markets. The establishment of Singapore's first embassy in East Africa demonstrates this strategic commitment. Ethiopia gains access to Singapore's proven development model and advanced capabilities. "Singapore's remarkable journey and global reputation for innovation and good governance offers lessons we deeply value," Prime Minister Abiy acknowledged, noting that "most of my leadership visited your beautiful country. Everyone was impressed, also inspired big time." Shaping Future Cooperation This partnership represents a new model for cooperation that could inspire similar alliances across the world. Unlike traditional relationships often characterized by dependency, this partnership operates on what Prime Minister Wong called "a partnership of equals." "This is not about us teaching Ethiopia at all or offering lessons. It's a partnership of equals. It's a partnership of us working together closely for win-win partnership," Prime Minister Wong emphasized, defining the collaborative spirit that could become a template for future engagements. The tangible commitment is already evident. Singapore announced its "Singapore-Africa Partnership Leading to Growth and Sustainability Package" (SAPLINGS), offering African officials "customized study visits to Singapore, as well as executive education programmes and postgraduate scholarships in Singapore universities." Strategic Vision for Sustainable Growth The partnership's focus on sustainability adds another dimension to its significance. Both countries signed MoUs on carbon credits cooperation, particularly timely as Ethiopia prepares to host COP32 in 2027. "We will also deepen our collaboration in sustainability, particularly in carbon credits, so that both countries can help meet our respective climate targets," Prime Minister Wong announced. This environmental focus demonstrates how cooperation can lead global efforts on climate change, with developing nations pioneering solutions rather than merely implementing strategies designed elsewhere. Long-term Impact Beyond Bilateral Benefits The implications extend far beyond the bilateral relationship. "Together we can build a strong Asia-Africa bridge for sustainable growth and shared prosperity," Prime Minister Abiy declared, envisioning how this partnership could facilitate broader continental cooperation. The partnership's success could demonstrate that the fastest-developing economies can forge relationships that accelerate growth for all parties while challenging traditional assumptions about development cooperation. Ethiopia's rapid growth combined with Singapore's advanced capabilities creates a powerful model for how resource-rich and knowledge-rich nations can collaborate for mutual transformation. The Promise Ahead "Ethiopia is committed, Mr. Prime Minister, to a practical and futuristic partnership with Singapore," Prime Minister Abiy vowed, adding "We know that we can learn a lot from you. We also believe that we can offer for our partnership." This sentiment captures the essence of what could become a defining partnership for 21st century cooperation. As these two dynamic nations begin implementing their comprehensive cooperation framework, they are not just building bilateral ties but potentially creating a new paradigm for how the developing world can collaborate to achieve rapid, sustainable development. The world will be watching as Africa's fastest-growing economy and Asia's innovation hub work together to prove that the future belongs to partnerships built on mutual respect, complementary strengths, and shared aspirations for transformation.

By Gezmu Edicha Following the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), through rigorous hard work day and night over the last fourteen years, Egypt is swinging back and forth, accusing Ethiopia for everything they are facing: drought or flood, as the saying damned if you do, damned If you don’t goes. The very moment Ethiopia began generating power and the GERD reservoir started serving its intended purpose, Egypt shifted its narrative: too much water is released by GERD replacing its old narrative the dam caused water scarcity. No longer short of water, Egypt suddenly claimed that Ethiopia was releasing too much water. Guess next time, Egyptian leaders may accuse Ethiopia for a lightning strike! Ethiopia is reshaping its future by focusing on water and clean energy production and the cornerstone of this development plan is GERD. Throughout the construction period of GERD, downstream states, Egypt and Sudan did not face shortage of Nile water. A modern dam built in the cool highlands of Ethiopia actually conserves water. It prevents billions of cubic meters of waters which otherwise could be evaporated from the scorching desert sun in Egypt. Building water reservoir dam in the highlands of Ethiopia prevents water loss. Numerous hydrological studies have shown that the GERD actually benefits both Egypt and Sudan by reducing sedimentation and silt accumulation in their dams, mitigating devastating floods, and ensuring a more stable flow of water throughout the year. The dam also reduces evaporation losses due to its location in the Ethiopian highlands — a scientific advantage that improves overall Nile water efficiency for all. Research also indicates that the GERD will play a significant role in reducing the effects of droughts in the Horn of Africa, including in Egypt and Sudan, by stabilizing water availability. This aligns perfectly with Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative, which aims to combat climate change, expand renewable energy, and promote regional environmental sustainability. Building a dam to reserve water where it is cool means saving water from evaporation. Generating electricity where hydropower potential is greatest means lighting homes and factories across the region. Regulated flow means reduced floods and reliable agriculture in Egypt and Sudan. That is what Ethiopia is building. Cairo’s claim that the GERD poses famine and flood is therefore misleading and provocative. Ethiopia has never sought to harm its neighbors; instead, it remains deeply committed to mutual benefit and regional prosperity. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has repeatedly reaffirmed that Ethiopia seeks cooperation, not confrontation—emphasizing that the dam will ensure a steady and regulated flow of water throughout the year, thereby preventing floods and ensuring water security for all. Prime Minister Abiy conveys message to Egypt that captured Ethiopia’s truth, and its aspiration: "Ethiopia's position is clear. The better option is to continuously milk the cow by providing it with sufficient feed, not by attempting to deny the cow feed and still expect the milk! If the cow doesn't eat, it won't give milk. But it is possible to provide the cow with feed and continuously milk it. My desire and the desire of the Ethiopian people is - Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt have no less than 300 million people, vast land areas, and a young population. If we work and produce together, we would be sufficient for the whole of Africa.” Beyond regional benefits, the GERD stands as a symbol of hope for over half of Ethiopia’s population — millions who still live in darkness without access to electricity. The dam, entirely financed by Ethiopian citizens through purchasing bonds and public contributions, reflects a national spirit of self-reliance and unity. It embodies the Ethiopian people’s aspiration for sustainable development, industrial growth, and poverty reduction. Prime Minister Abiy underlined that the Nile River Basin states has enough resources-- the gold, the water, and the land. The better path is to work together. If this doesn't happen, we will just envy each other! Ethiopia wants to grow and develop through agreement, negotiation, and mutual understanding with all Nile riparian states. For several decades Egypt tried to impose its will on Ethiopia, No one on earth will impose their will upon Ethiopia while Ethiopians stand. Ethiopia will grow peacefully yet confidently, determined to ensure its people prosper without harming its neighbors. Egypt lobbied global financial institutions to deny Ethiopia’s right to secure loans and finance hydro power and irrigation dams. This is what Egypt is conspiring in the Horn of Africa to date including creating havoc and instability. Ethiopia has endured, but never surrendered. Ethiopia has declared that its destiny would no longer be dictated by Egypt. The GERD became a symbol of African self-reliance. When international financing was blocked, Ethiopians opened their wallets and funded their dream by themselves. The dam is now producing light to millions of homes. It is regulating floods during rainfall season. Egypt’s claim that the GERD threatens its water supply is misleading provocative. GERD stands as a beacon of regional integration and shared prosperity, reflecting Ethiopia’s unwavering commitment to mutual benefit among its neighbors. All told, GERD demonstrated Ethiopians and their governments’ resilience and endurance for self-reliance. It was purely funded by the Ethiopian government and people. No partners, no donors, no grants from the outside world. It’s fully functional and ready to help other African states. This is a great pride for Africa. It inspires African nations to follow suit and achive prosperity through their own resources. Africa needs to focus on what it can do for itself, not what others can do for it.Ethiopia’s decision to build such a magnificent dam using its own resources is a bold and inspiring move. It will serve multiple sectors and strengthen communities across the region.

By Molla Mitiku Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed leveraged his engagements in South Africa to advance Ethiopia’s strategic interests, deepen key alliances, and elevate the country’s influence on continental and global platforms. PM Abiy’s latest diplomatic mission on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Johannesburg signaled a renewed assertiveness in Ethiopia’s foreign policy. Held on the sidelines of high-level gatherings, the Prime Minister’s meetings with African, European, and international leaders reflected a deliberate effort to place Ethiopia at the center of discussions on development, climate action, and global governance. The meeting with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa set the tone for the visit, with both leaders underscoring the need for stronger African agency in global affairs. The Prime Minister characterized their conversation as a call for a “common African voice,” reinforcing Ethiopia’s long-standing belief that continental challenges are most effectively addressed through unified positions. This sentiment resonates at a time when Africa seeks a more influential role in shaping global economic and political processes. Prime Minister Abiy also held extensive talks with key European partners. His discussions with French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz focused on expanding cooperation in investment, technology, and development support. A separate meeting with European Council President António Costa highlighted a shared commitment to strengthening the partnership between Ethiopia and the European Union, particularly in the areas of stability and economic transformation. Together, these engagements signal Ethiopia’s intention to broaden its diplomatic horizons and diversify its external relationships. The Prime Minister’s meeting with UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer further emphasized the importance of reinforcing long-standing bilateral ties. “Met with Sir Keir Starmer, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for exchanges on the need to take forward the strong and longstanding bilateral relations between our two countries,” PM Abiy noted on social media. In addition, the Prime Minister held strategic bilateral discussions with leaders from India, Vietnam, South Korea, and Australia on the sidelines of the G20 Leaders’ Summit, describing the engagements as highly productive. “A productive and substantive day at the G20 Leaders’ Summit, with additional engagements with fellow leaders from India, Vietnam, South Korea, and Australia as well,” he stated. Climate diplomacy was a central theme throughout the visit. In a meeting with Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime Minister Abiy reiterated Ethiopia’s commitment to climate cooperation and called for increased investment in sustainable sectors. Their discussion focused on “climate cooperation, multilateral priorities, and new investment opportunities,” reflecting Ethiopia’s ambition to position itself as a continental leader in environmental stewardship and green development. Debt relief, energy transition, and climate resilience were also key priorities raised by the Prime Minister. Ethiopia remains among the African nations advocating for fairer global financial rules, and PM Abiy reaffirmed that meaningful debt restructuring is essential for countries seeking to stabilize their economies while pursuing long-term development. His emphasis on renewable energy aligns with Ethiopia’s broader vision of becoming a regional power generator. The Johannesburg engagements also carried significant regional implications. Ethiopia’s active participation in consultations among African leaders demonstrated its commitment to shaping continental priorities. Through these platforms, the Prime Minister continued to advocate for coordinated African positions on issues such as resource mobilization, energy security, and climate adaptation, areas where unified continental action can substantially enhance Africa’s global influence. Overall, the engagements in South Africa showcased Ethiopia’s confident diplomatic posture. The country presented itself as ready to contribute meaningfully to continental strategies and global agendas. The Prime Minister’s meetings with leaders from Africa, Europe, and beyond demonstrated a multilayered diplomatic approach rooted in economic cooperation, climate leadership, and multilateral engagement. Ethiopia’s heightened diplomatic visibility reflects a broader ambition: to secure its development interests, reaffirm its regional leadership role, and participate more assertively in international decision-making.

By Yordanos D. As Africa’s second most populous nation and a rapidly growing economy, Ethiopia's pursuit of regaining Red Sea Access is not merely a political posturing but a matter of survival. The quest for Ethiopia to secure access to the Red Sea is essential for its economic trajectory, regional cooperation and development as well as durable peace. To this end, securing access to the Red Sea is fundamentally an issue of survival that the country seeks to achieve based on mutual benefits and peacefully. Ethiopia's pursuit of Red Sea access is, therefore, an over-due national aspiration. According a recent clarification Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed gave on Red Sea to members of the parliament: “A population of over 120 million people cannot remain landlocked. A generation of today will not bequeath a geographically imprisoned nation to posterity.” Regaining Assab Port based on peaceful negotiation is imperative for survival and sustainable development. Ethiopia lost Assab Port, with no legal background. It is therefore fitting to reclaim the Red Sea access. Since Eritrea’s secession, Ethiopia has been landlocked. However, the manner in which Ethiopia lost its sea access was both illegal and unjust, without the consent of the Ethiopian people, a cabinet decision, or a parliament’s approval. And this has created immense economic burden on the country. For centuries, Ethiopia had maintained direct access to the Red Sea through the ports of Massawa and Assab, vital gateways linking the country to global trade routes. The loss of the Assab port deprived the country of its direct access to the Red Sea for the first time in its history. Hence, Ethiopia’s quest to secure access to the Red Sea has legal, historical, geographical, and economic backgrounds. According to available data, the Red Sea carries a significant percent of the global trade and global oil shipments. Several developed countries have established military bases along the Red Sea given its geopolitical significance. Ethiopia, only few kilometers away from the Sea cannot remain landlocked by any standard. Given its economic, historical, natural and legal implications, Ethiopia needs to regain the Red Sea through peaceful negotiation and cooperation. The growing economy and population size as well as emerging trends attached to the geopolitics, require Ethiopia to secure maritime access and pursue all opportunities for shared aspiration. Ethiopia advances peace and stability, development and cooperation in the Horn Africa. Its quest for access to the Red Sea should be therefore considered as good opportunity for coastal countries too. The dividends of Ethiopia's securing of Red Sea access are tremendous— foster trust, collaboration, peace and stability among nations directly engaged and beyond. It is widely accepted that Ethiopia has been a stabilizing nation in the Horn of Africa. The country reiterates cooperation, not confrontation. However, there are destabilizing states in the region. It is no secret that Egypt has been brewing conspiracies and anti-Ethiopian sentiments for centuries. Needless to mention, Egypt has playing destructive role to undermine Ethiopia not to utilize the resources of Abay River on its borders. Even now, it is parroting provocative propaganda against Ethiopia, saying it does not have the right to utilize access to the Red Sea. It is a pity that Eritrea has accepted the belligerent mission of Egypt against Ethiopia. This was more profoundly destructive when Isaias Afwerki rejected the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) last year. This is evident that Isaias Afwerki is serving the interest of Egypt, not Eritrea. GERD is a flagship project that Ethiopians have realized through sacrifice. It is a driver for regional integration that Africans are proud of. Eritrea is in charge of Egypt’s destructive policy against Ethiopia in particular and in the entire region in general. This was once revealed by Isaias Afwerki himself in Tigrigna language shortly after Eritrea’s independence. He said: “Egypt’s support to Eritrea was not driven by concern for the Eritrean people, but rather by a broader strategy to weaken Ethiopia, a key upper Nile basin country. Egypt’s long-term policy has centered on controlling the waters of the Nile by repeatedly seeking to undermine the stability of upstream nations, reiterating that political instability would afford Egypt greater leverage over the Nile’s waters.” Hence, Egypt and Eritrea are working to destabilize Ethiopia and the entire region. Egypt intervened in Sudan, inflaming the civil war for nearly two years. Both Egypt and Eritrea have exerted considerable effort to escalate conflicts in the Horn of Africa. Regarding Ethiopia--the whole world knows its position on Horn of Africa. The nation has consistently maintained a policy centered on a win-win approach. It gives utmost priority to its neighbors, pursuing non-interference, mutual respect, cooperation, peace and stability. Reaffirming the government’s commitment to mutual benefits, Prime Minister Abiy stated that Ethiopia seeks to secure access to the Red Sea through negotiation and mutual understanding, emphasizing that Ethiopia’s development would also benefit neighboring countries, reinforcing the importance of regional cooperation. The country has made tangible achievements in undertaking infrastructure projects with significant regional importance such as roads, railway and power connectivity. Against all these backgrounds, Ethiopia views its maritime access to Red Sea as a collective opportunity. With extensive coastline within its neighbor, the nation views immense opportunities for trade and cooperation that can uplift not only Ethiopia but also the entire region. More than three decades ago, the country had access to two ports for a population of 46 million and an economy worth 13 billion USD. Today, Ethiopia’s economy is expanding more than twentyfold. The geopolitical situation in the Horn of Africa has changed. “We ask all countries to understand the legitimate rights of the Ethiopian people to secure access to the Red Sea, whose population continues to grow rapidly. Ethiopia has made clear that its pursuit of access to the Red Sea will be achieved through peaceful, legal, and cooperative means. Ethiopia’s existence is tied to the Red Sea,” Prime Minister Abiy reiterated. By leveraging its economic potential and regional partnerships, Ethiopia pursues mutually beneficial arrangements that promote durable peace and prosperity to the region. Note: The views expressed in this op-ed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official stance or policy of ENA.

Addis Ababa, November 1, 2025 (ENA) – In October 2025, the Prime Minister undertook a series of national and international engagements focused on infrastructure development, rural transformation, governance reform, and diplomatic cooperation. Here is a brief recap of the past month: 𝙊𝙣 𝙐𝙧𝙗𝙖𝙣 𝘿𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙁𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙞𝙜𝙣 𝘿𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩 𝙄𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 A defining highlight of the month was the laying of the foundation stone for the urea fertilizer plant, a landmark project developed through a partnership between Ethiopian Investment Holdings and the Dangote Group. With an annual production capacity of three million tons, the plant will utilize natural gas from the Calub gas fields, transported through a 108-kilometer pipeline. This project is a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s strategy to achieve fertilizer self-sufficiency and enhance agricultural productivity. In the Somali Region, the Prime Minister also inaugurated the Gode Oil Refinery, developed by Golden Concord Group Limited (GCL). The refinery, designed to process 3.5 million tons of crude oil and condensate per year from the Hilala oil field, represents a significant step in Ethiopia’s path toward energy independence. Complementing these milestones, the Prime Minister inaugurated the first phase of the Ogaden Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Project in Calub. The facility, with an annual production capacity of 111 million litres and the ability to generate 1,000 megawatts of energy, strengthens Ethiopia’s industrial base while contributing critical inputs to fertilizer production and energy generation. During his visit to Jigjiga in the Somali Region, the Prime Minister observed the city’s rapid transformation since his last visit in January 2025. Thousands of new housing units are under construction, and corridor development projects are visibly enhancing urban well-being. He lauded the Dine for Generations Project, nearing completion in the Somali Region, for unlocking new opportunities in tourism and stimulating regional economic growth. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, accompanied by members of the Prosperity Party Executive Committee, visited the corridor development project extending from Sar Bet to German Square, encompassing the Garment Factory and the Furi area. Spanning 589 hectares, it is the second-largest urban corridor after Kazanchis. The project features 16.5 kilometers of asphalt roads, 33 kilometers of pedestrian walkways, plazas, sports and recreation facilities, riverbank development, and over 1,100 commercial shops. The initiative embodies Ethiopia’s broader vision of creating modern, livable, and economically vibrant cities. 𝙊𝙣 𝙍𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘼𝙜𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙈𝙤𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙞𝙯𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 Advancing his government’s rural development agenda, the Prime Minister presided over the handover of model rural villages constructed through the Rainy Season Voluntary Scheme in the Halaba, Kembatta, Hadiya, and Silte zones. Each home in these Rural Corridor Villages is equipped with solar power, biogas systems, sanitation facilities, and animal shelters, significantly improving hygiene, comfort, and productivity for rural families. These model villages mark a new chapter in Ethiopia’s mission to raise rural living standards and promote sustainable livelihoods. The Prime Minister encouraged regional leaders to expand these initiatives, setting a target of 100 new houses per zone by next year. During his visit to the East Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, the Prime Minister also reviewed the rainy season wheat harvest and launched summer wheat production activities. He assessed progress in banana, papaya, and fish farming clusters, emphasizing the growing adoption of mechanized agriculture as a major driver of productivity and self-reliance. He also inaugurated the Welmel River Irrigation Development Project in Delo-Mena Woreda, Bale Zone. Once fully operational, the project will irrigate 9,687 hectares of farmland, benefiting 20,000 farming households and enhancing drought resilience, food sovereignty, and rural employment. 𝙊𝙣 𝙀𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙘 𝙂𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙈𝙖𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙘 𝙍𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙚𝙬 At the Koysha Project site, the Prime Minister convened a strategic review session with the Council of Ministers to assess the macroeconomic performance of the first 100 days of the 2018 Ethiopian Fiscal Year. The review examined achievements, challenges, and strategic priorities, highlighting Ethiopia’s sustained economic resilience amid global uncertainty. The nation’s GDP growth rate stood at 9.2 percent for the 2017 fiscal year, underscoring the success of reforms aimed at fostering inclusive and diversified growth. 𝙊𝙣 𝙅𝙪𝙙𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙈𝙤𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙞𝙨𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝 𝘿𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 Building on the success of the Digital 2025 Strategy, the Prime Minister announced the forthcoming Digital 2030 Strategy, focused on advancing automation and improving public service delivery. He commended the Federal Supreme Court for implementing a Smart Court System featuring automated transcription, virtual hearings, and an Integrated Case Management System that enables litigants to track cases online. Covering 24 federal branches to date, this innovation marks an important step toward transparent and accessible justice across Ethiopia. 𝙊𝙣 𝙈𝙚𝙙𝙞𝙖, 𝘾𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙏𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙢 Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed attended the launch of the pan-African media outlet Pulse of Africa, a platform he first proposed during the 35th Ordinary Session of the African Union Assembly in 2022. The initiative seeks to amplify African perspectives, counter negative portrayals of the continent, and strengthen African unity through shared narratives. In his remarks, the Prime Minister emphasized that Pulse of Africa marks a significant step toward ensuring that Africans tell their own stories and shape their global image. Accompanied by First Lady Zinash Tayachew and a high-level delegation of former and current leaders, the Prime Minister also visited the Bale Zone to assess key development projects that integrate natural heritage with national progress. The delegation toured the Bale Mountains National Park, one of Ethiopia’s most ecologically diverse and economically significant natural areas. The Prime Minister observed ongoing tourism developments, including the nearly completed Dinsho Lodge at the heart of the park and the Sof Omer Luxury Lodge near the Sof Omer Cave. Both projects are designed to advance Ethiopia’s Ten-Year Strategic Plan by positioning tourism as a catalyst for economic transformation. The Sof Omer Cave Development Project complements these initiatives by improving access and visitor facilities around one of the country’s most celebrated natural landmarks. The delegation also inspected the Robe–Goro–Sof Omer–GinirJunction Road Upgrading Project, a dual asphalt roadway featuring five bridges that connect the productive agricultural zones of East Bale and Bale with central Ethiopia. The upgraded route enhances regional mobility, strengthens economic integration, and improves access to major tourist destinations such as the Bale Mountains National Park and Sof Omer Cave. In addition, the Prime Minister reviewed the Weib River Flood Control Project, which regulates water flow through the cave system to ensure year-round accessibility and protect its ecosystem. He also examined tourism development efforts in the Harenna cluster, including the construction of the Rira Eco Lodge, new viewpoints, restaurants, and coffee facilities along the routes leading to Tulu Dimtu, the park’s highest peak. These initiatives aim to expand sustainable tourism, create local employment, and showcase the natural and cultural richness of the Bale region. The visit concluded at the Fincha Habera Waterfall, where the delegation explored the surrounding landscape, home to the Ethiopian Red Fox, diverse birdlife, and striking geological formations such as the Rafu rock pinnacles. The area, which recently revealed a newly discovered cave system, will soon feature a glamping site designed to promote eco-friendly tourism. Reflecting on the visit, Prime Minister Abiy highlighted Ethiopia as a land of abundance and opportunity, urging citizens to safeguard and build upon the nation’s natural and human wealth for future generations. The delegation collectively reaffirmed the importance of stewardship, unity, and visionary development in shaping Ethiopia’s sustainable and prosperous future. 𝙋𝙖𝙧𝙡𝙞𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙀𝙣𝙜𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙉𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝘿𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙨𝙚 Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, in his recent address to Ethiopia’s Parliament, highlighted the country’s substantial progress in economic reform, diversification, and infrastructure development. He noted that Ethiopia’s shift from an agriculture-dependent economy toward industrial and service growth has yielded impressive results, citing rapid agricultural expansion, record-high export revenues, and increased foreign reserves. Major investments in green initiatives, transport infrastructure, and energy projects are transforming productivity and sustainability, while prudent debt management and targeted subsidies have stabilized inflation. He emphasized the government’s focus on strengthening institutional capacity, expanding digitalization, training millions of youth in coding, and modernizing service delivery through nationwide one-stop centers. On peace and governance, the Prime Minister reaffirmed Ethiopia’s commitment to stability, dialogue, and national unity, warning against both internal and external actors seeking to destabilize the country. He stressed that the only viable path for Ethiopia is peaceful political transition and democratic consolidation. Looking ahead to the upcoming national election, he assured Parliament of the government’s readiness to ensure a fair and inclusive process. On foreign relations, he reiterated Ethiopia’s right to equitable use of the Nile waters and called for cooperative engagement with neighboring countries. Addressing the Red Sea question, he described it as a legitimate historical and economic concern that Ethiopia intends to pursue through dialogue and mutual development, underscoring that the nation’s growth is intertwined with regional prosperity and peace. 𝙊𝙣 𝘿𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙀𝙣𝙜𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙍𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝘾𝙤𝙤𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 On the international stage, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed led Ethiopia’s delegation to the 24th Summit of the COMESA Authority of Heads of State and Government in Nairobi, Kenya, held under the theme “Leveraging Digitalization to Deepen Regional Value Chains for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth.” Addressing the Summit, he underscored that Africa’s digital transformation offers a unique opportunity to rewrite its economic narrative and strengthen continental integration. He affirmed Ethiopia’s readiness to collaborate with regional partners to advance a shared digital future. In separate diplomatic meetings, the Prime Minister held discussions with President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud of the Federal Republic of Somalia on bilateral and regional matters of mutual interest, and with Dr. Constantinos Kombos, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus, to strengthen political and economic cooperation between their two nations. 𝙊𝙣 𝙏𝙖𝙭𝙥𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙧 𝙍𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙜𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 Governance 𝙍𝙚𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢 At the 7th Annual Loyal Taxpayers Recognition Ceremony, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed celebrated outstanding taxpayers for their contributions to Ethiopia’s development. He reaffirmed that tax revenues are being invested in vital public goods and infrastructure projects and urged all citizens to uphold transparency and reject corruption. The Prime Minister emphasized that collective integrity and accountability are essential to building a just and prosperous nation. Throughout October 2025, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s decisive leadership and forward-looking initiatives across industry, agriculture, urban renewal, justice, and diplomacy demonstrated Ethiopia’s unwavering commitment to inclusive development and national progress.

Mola Mitiku Ethiopia—a nation with over 120 million people and one of Africa's rising economies, needs to secure access to sea on the basis of international law and peaceful means. Landlocked since 1993, the nation has faced enormous economic, logistics, and strategic challenges, straining its growing economy. Hence, obtaining access to the sea for Ethiopia is essential and serious. Ethiopia shares its water of the Abay River and most of its tributaries with the river basin states. Of course, Ethiopians were deprived of utilizing the share of Abay water by the Egyptian authorities for millennia through overt and covert conspiracies against Ethiopia until the people crossed that mammoth challenge with firm determination, perseverance, steadfastness and resilience to construct the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Given this background, the dam is a historic milestone for Ethiopians and Africans as well. Hence, Ethiopia’s access to the sea and the ensuring equitable utilization of the water from Abay are the two sides of the same coin, fostering the nation's effort to safeguard its sovereign right to development and establish regional cooperation. Securing access to sea for Ethiopia is equally important and very serious. The country's legitimate right to obtain access to the sea along the Red Sea, based on international law and peacefully, should not be denied given its will of sharing clean water to its neighbor throughout the year. In this regard, Ethiopia has demonstrated extreme patience and good neighborhood by promoting dialogue and negotiation to secure sea access. This is so because the country needs to get access to the sea based on shared regional and continental interest—central to its overall national vision: a vision for equity, sustainable development, promoting African development.   The nation desperately needs sea access to expand its export economy, with emphasis on industrial products such as textiles, leather, coffee, and floriculture. In this regard, neighboring costal countries need to cooperate to discuss on agenda of Ethiopia’s quest for sea access. It is for shared prosperity, common peace and stability shared continental aspiration—nothing more, nothing less! Conspiracy against the other does not serve the interest of any of the country in the 21st century. The outcome is not longstanding. Ethiopia strongly believes that access to the sea contributes for regional integration and durable peace and stability in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia has overcome the mammoth challenge that prevented it from utilizing the Abay water. In the same manner, the nation will surely obtain sea access along the Red Sea based on international law and peaceful means. It must be underlined that Ethiopians have never aspired what they do not deserve. Ethiopia deserves to secure access to the sea along the Red Rea region. In this case, the quest for access to the sea has historical, natural and legal grounds by any international standard. As a signatory to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Ethiopia invokes the article granting landlocked countries freedom of access to sea and from the sea, and freedom of transit through adjacent states. Ethiopia recognizes the water share of other countries. However, the converse must be scrutinized by the international community. For instance, Ethiopia has completed the GERD and water flows to low riparian state, particularly to Egypt and Sudan.Yet, Egyptian officials leave no stone unturned to destabilize Ethiopia and the entire region. It is no secret that Egypt has remained a destabilizing agent on Ethiopia for centuries. On the other hand, Ethiopia's position is clear: transboundary river must be utilized based on equity and mutual cooperation with all riparian states taking their share of the water. GERD is a case in point—it generates electricity and the water flows to low riparian states. Ethiopia has also a firm stand for peace, diplomacy, and fair utilization of the Abay water. In this regard, the country has been working over the years for true solidarity that entails recognition of each riparian country's legitimate right for fair and reasonable use of common resources. Egypt’s stubborn colonial mindset on the other hand is outdated in the 21st century —it pursues hegemonic control of the River. Ethiopians have constructed and financed GERD by themselves to generate electricity for millions who are without access to light. Egypt wants Ethiopians to remain in darkness. However, this has changed forever. In a nutshell, access to the sea and ensuring equitable use of Abay water are the two sides of the same coin that foster sovereign development harnessing natural resources and regional cooperation. Obtaining sea access along the Red Sea and ensuring equity of utilizing Abay River are second to Ethiopian destiny. Access to the sea is an issue of survival to foster cooperation for common destiny given Ethiopia is a large country with a rapidly growing population.

Addis Ababa, October 23, 2025 (ENA) – The development projects like the Welmel River Irrigation and the Sof Omer Luxury Lodge and ongoing agricultural modernization, environmental sustainability, as well as and tourism efforts in Bale Zone of Oromia region are pillars of economic transformation. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed accompanied by a high-level delegation of former and current leaders has recently toured the Bale Zone, an area of rich in natural and cultural wealth. The visit, which deeply inspired the leaders, highlighted the region's breathtaking environment, including the Fincha Habera Waterfall and the Sof Omer cave system. In a discussion following the conclusion of the visit, Prime Minister Abiy emphasized the development in Bale zone is a showcase for the government's integrated national development strategy, linking agricultural modernization, eco-tourism, and environmental conservation. The high-level delegation leaders who toured various projects assessed the progress and identifying future priorities. The Welmel River Irrigation Development Project in Bale Zone marks a defining step in the country’s integrated development vision, linking agricultural modernization, environmental sustainability, and tourism as interdependent pillars of national transformation. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed inaugurated the project during a visit, noting the government’s commitment to building a resilient, self-sustaining economy grounded in food sovereignty and rural development. The three-day visit also spotlighted parallel initiatives in eco-tourism and ecosystem conservation around the Bale Mountains, demonstrating a holistic approach to development that balances productivity, environmental stewardship, and community well-being. “The goal of improving local livelihoods is central to Ethiopia’s forward-looking development agenda,” Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated in his remarks. Reflecting on his visit to the Sof Omer Caves, Prime Minister Abiy said: “The first time I visited Sof Omer with Shimeles (Chief Administrator of Oromia Region), I was both amazed and saddened. I was struck by the immense natural and historical wealth we have; and yet, how much of it has been forgotten. It made me feel both sad and determined.” He emphasized that Ethiopia has long underestimated the depth of its natural and cultural assets, noting that fully understanding and restoring sites like Sof Omar would require immense investment, but yield value far beyond money. “Our history should serve as a teacher,” he said. “Living too much in the past prevents us from acting today and building for tomorrow.” The Prime Minister also noted the architectural and engineering genius of ancient Ethiopian civilizations, evident in Lalibela, Aksum, and Sof Omar, and called for deeper scientific and archaeological research, particularly on theories suggesting underground links among these historic sites. The Welmel River Irrigation Development Project represents a major step in Ethiopia’s shift from rain-fed to irrigation-based agriculture. Designed and managed by the Ministry of Irrigation and Lowlands, the project aims to irrigate 9,687 hectares of farmland and directly benefit approximately 20,000 households. PM Abiy emphasized that the project is a key part of Ethiopia’s national food sovereignty strategy and its broader resilience agenda. “By establishing a sustainable surface irrigation system, the project seeks to improve the livelihoods and resilience of local communities that have long depended on rain-fed agriculture.” Irrigation and Lowlands Minister Abraham Belay said Bale Zone is one of the country’s most promising agricultural areas and a leading eco-tourism destination; however, its vast irrigation potential remains largely untapped. “Of the 137,100 hectares of irrigable land in the zone, only 26,000 hectares are currently used by irrigation systems,” he added. The Minister also noted that federal and regional governments have already developed 36 irrigation systems in Bale Zone, including the newly inaugurated Welmel project. The Welmel project of Bale Zone is first large-scale irrigation initiative, targeting 12,000 hectares, and to date 10,000 hectares have been developed, benefiting nearly 20,000 households. “In total, around 50,000 households are now benefiting from existing and newly built irrigation infrastructure,” the Minister said. “With 31 rivers, favorable terrain, and more than 1.2 million residents, Bale Zone deserves even greater investment.” Oromia Regional State Chief Administrator, Shimelis Abdisa, said “when I first came here six or seven years ago, there was a great deal of anger and resentment. But standing here today, seeing how much has changed in such a short time compared to the past, I feel truly happy”. According to the Chief Administrator, Sof Omar was chosen as the starting point when Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed gave directions to begin development activities in the area. Since then, tremendous efforts have been made to heal past grievances, paving the way for progress and innovation and these efforts have not only mobilized the people toward development and ensured stability but have also sparked a remarkable revival in urban growth, he added. This transformation represents a powerful energy for Ethiopia, an integrated vision encompassing agriculture, mining, and tourism, he stated, adding that it has generated renewed motivation among both the people and the leadership; and it stands as a source of great national strength. Reflecting on the past, senior leaders can see that this place carries profound lessons and it demonstrates the path Ethiopia is on and affirms that the nation’s prosperity is inevitable, he added. “I believe the determination and experience gained here can serve as an inspiration and model for others,” the Chief Administrator emphasized. Intergovernmental Authority on Development Executive Secretary, Workneh Gebeyohu, emphasized that “although I have visited this area many times before, I have never seen Bale as it is today”. In the past, despite its vast resources, Bale’s true potential was not visible to us. However, this visit has revealed the remarkable potentials the area is blessed, Workneh said, adding that the resources found in Bale are not only valuable for the region but can also contribute significantly to Ethiopia’s overall development. According to Workneh, with proper vision, Bale can be fundamentally transformed, shifting from dependency on safety-net programs to becoming a hub for productive agriculture and sustainable tourism; and we need a leadership team that truly understands the area’s potential and works collectively to ensure the local community benefits from these opportunities. Prime Minster Abiy’s advisor on East African Affairs, Getachew Reda, stated that he had visited Bale some 13 years ago. “Back then, I wondered why no one had thought to build roads here,” he said. According to Getachew, this part of the world, once considered remote and distant, has always held deep significance. The Bale Mountains are not just natural landmarks; a thousand years ago, they were centers of learning where Islamic scholars from across the world gathered to study and exchange knowledge. The immense potential of this area can only be realized when the community is encouraged to move beyond dependence on safety nets and to engage in activities that bring shared prosperity, he added. “Our failure to harness the region’s abundant resources to lift communities out of dependency reflects a broader challenge, a need for mindset transformation. The slow pace of expanding tourist destinations has limited the income we should be earning from this vital sector,” Getachew stated. By connecting tourist sites across the country, we can build unity not only through geography but also through shared history, culture, psychology, and politics, Getachew noted, adding that the tourism opportunities being developed in Bale should therefore be extended to other parts of the country, in line with each area’s unique conditions and potential. General Tsadkan Gebretensae, former Defense Chief of Staff, also expressed his reflection on the development projects in the Bale Zone. According to Tsadkan, the visit exceeded his expectations. “Although I had been to the places when I was in the Defense Force, I never realized that the area possessed such vast natural resources,” he explained, adding that “I had heard about Sof Omar before, but I didn’t know that it extends over 15 to 20 kilometers underground and that the surrounding area is rich with large rivers. Learning that these rivers can support development across 100,000 hectares of land gives me great hope”. So far, the former Defense Chief of Staff said we have only witnessed what lies above the ground, the underground resources remain untapped. General Tsadkan further explained that “even though we have not yet fully overcome challenges, I believe we can do so by setting aside our differences and working together for the common good of our country”. “At the same time, the progress I have seen here gives me confidence as our economy grows, our political stability will also strengthen”. The officials emphasized that Welmel project is not just about agriculture, it is a strategic investment in climate adaptation, sustainable water use, and long-term rural transformation. The integration of tourism, conservation, and irrigation in Bale Zone presents a replicable model for holistic regional development in Ethiopia.

By Henok T. Historically, Egypt and Sudan constructed major dams over the Nile, notably the Aswan High Dam and the Sennar Dam, without notifying and seeking consent from other basin states including Ethiopia. However, Ethiopia, constructed GERD notifying the lower stream states. Ethiopia’s move is a diplomatic, and brotherly gesture—in stark contrast to Egypt’s colonial mindset of utilizing the Nile waters with Egypt. Ethiopia committed to the Declaration of Principles (DoP) in 2015, which acknowledging the need for cooperation, fair use, and non-harm, setting a standard for consultation, nullifying the colonial era agreement which does not recognize the source of Abay River, Ethiopia, which contributes over 86 percent of water to downstream states. Simply because Ethiopia is the source of the Abay River, Egypt had been a safe haven for violent groups engaged in destabilizing Ethiopia. Egypt had been providing trainings and logistics to separatist groups to undermine Ethiopia. Egypt has never wanted Ethiopia to prosper. Egypt was fanning tensions between Ethiopia and its neighbors. It is against this background that the inauguration of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a historic milestone for Ethiopians and beyond. The successful completion of the dam is more than just a national achievement, expanding our strategic horizons and provides a foundation for implementing yet another mega projects in a united, forward-looking and geopolitical strategy, setting priority to African solidarity. Ethiopia has never acted unilaterally. From the very start of the GERD project in 2011, Ethiopia has pursued open dialogue through the tripartite mechanism with Sudan and Egypt, repeatedly reaffirming its commitment to the Declaration of Principles (DoP) signed in Khartoum in 2015 — a document that Egypt itself endorsed. That declaration clearly recognizes Ethiopia’s right to utilize its natural resources for development. The GERD is not a political tool, nor a project designed to control the Nile. It is a purely hydro-electric facility—a clean-energy investment built without external loans or conditionalities. The dam generates power, not scarcity; light, not confrontation. Contrary to the assertions made in Cairo, the controlled filling and operation of the dam have not caused harm to downstream nations. Independent hydrological analyses, confirm that fluctuations in river flow are within normal seasonal variations. No farmer in Egypt or Sudan has been deprived of a single drop of water because of the GERD. Ethiopia continues to release water in accordance with the dam’s engineering design and natural hydrological cycles. As the country that contributes over 86 percent of the Nile waters, Ethiopia bears the highest responsibility to protect the basin’s sustainability. It is therefore illogical to accuse the upstream source nation of deliberately undermining the very resource on which its own people depend. The Nile is a shared African river, not a colonial possession. Development along it should follow the principle of 21st century, based on mutual benefit as enshrined in international water law. Egypt and Ethiopia are Africa’s two most populous nations and among its five largest economies. Their future prosperity lies not in accusation and mistrust but in partnership. Ethiopia’s hydropower capacity can supply clean electricity to its neighbors and beyond — stabilizing grids, reducing carbon emissions, and cutting the heavy costs of fossil-fuel imports. Storing water in Ethiopia’s cool highlands reduces evaporation losses that plague Lake Nasser, saving billions of cubic meters annually. Egypt as a downstream country, benefits from water conservation at the GERD instead of wastage of billions of cubic meters of water to evaporation and in downstream flood. GERD is a mega continental energy project that would gear Africa’s economic integration in realizing its long term vision of power grid and prosperity of the continent. During the the inauguration of GERD, Prime Minister Abiy stressed that the dam is comparable to the victory of Adwa, heralding a new era of prosperity for Ethiopia. "We have heard history. We have seen history. We have learned history. But today, we were able to become the generation chosen by God to make history and stand upon it to speak," Abiy emphasized. The GERD, which has created a massive reservoir with a capacity of 74 billion cubic meters of water, has been named "Nigat Lake (Dawn Lake). “This lake has brought with it a wealth greater than Ethiopia's GDP. This generation has accomplished a great deed with the Renaissance Dam. The era of begging has ended, ” he underscored. Abiy described the GERD as “the biggest mega project in the history of the Black people” and extended invitation to visit what the nation has accomplished. “The Nile is a gift from God to all the peoples who live along its banks. We can only secure it if we care for it together,” Prime Minister Abiy reiterated. It is time to return to that spirit — the spirit of shared destiny and mutual respect. Only through cooperation can the Nile continue to nourish not just two nations, but an entire continent.

By Gezmu Edecha Addis Ababa, October 4, 2025 (ENA)—This morning multitudes of the Oromo people and their fellow Ethiopians converged at Hora Finfinnee with their hearts full of thanksgiving and their hands carrying fresh green grass that shimmered like hope against the azure waters of Hora Finfinnee. This year's Irreecha celebration carried something special – it unfolded in the Addis Ababa transformed beyond recognition. The traditional thanksgiving festival themed "Irreecha for National Renaissance" drew thousands who came not just to honor the tradition, but also to witness how their beloved capital has blossomed. One of the celebrants, Abebe Gofe, said "What makes this year's Irreecha festival special is the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and the various development projects across the country. The government has accomplished great work in collaboration with the public." "Irreecha festival, which the Oromo and other people are celebrating together, is one that everyone celebrates in unity; and the ceremony in Addis Ababa city with wide roads and shining streets makes it special. The city's development is very pleasing, and this must expand to other cities as well.’’ The festival, deeply rooted in Waaqeffannaa has always been about gratitude. But this year, gratitude took on new dimensions. As families dipped their green grass and flowers into the sacred waters, they carried prayers not just for personal blessings, but for a nation rising. The other celebrant, Abdi Mohammed, with his eyes reflecting both the ancient wisdom of his ancestors and the promise of tomorrow, said this year's Irreecha brings joy because Ethiopia has embarked on a comprehensive development journey. "Addis Ababa has become very beautiful and clean. The place where Hora Finfinnee is celebrated has been beautified by the corridor development project, adding splendor to the festival." The transformation wasn't lost on anyone. Where once narrow, difficult paths challenged pedestrians, wide boulevards and stunning walkways now welcome millions. The integration of lush greenery, public plazas, and vibrant streets created a canvas where ancient traditions could flourish with renewed dignity. For Boke Eyi, a celebrant the capital's new face had become more than just infrastructure. "The changes in Addis Ababa's appearance create great inspiration to carry out other development works," he noted. "Previously, the roads, especially for pedestrians, were not comfortable. Now it has become very attractive and comfortable for travel. The development works done in the city in these two years have changed the face of the city. It has become attractive not only for Ethiopians but also for foreign visitors." Abba Gada Gobena Hola said Irreecha, which all nations and nationalities eagerly awaited, was celebrated vibrantly at Hora Finfinnee. "All nations and nationalities eagerly await Irreecha, and it was celebrated magnificently at Hora Finfinnee," Gobena declared. "All Ethiopians celebrated it magnificently; and the festival maintained its cultural values and was celebrated with splendor." The festival's inclusive nature shone brightly as Ethiopians and even foreign visitors joined the celebration. Children laughed as they splashed in the sacred waters, elders shared stories under acacia trees, and young people danced to rhythms that have echoed across generations. The sight of diverse faces united in celebration painted a picture of the Ethiopia many dreams of – one where differences become strengths and unity emerges from diversity As the day progressed and the sun began its descent, the green grass floating on Hora Finfinnee's waters looked like prayers made visible. Each blade carried hopes for abundant harvests, peaceful coexistence, and continued progress. The waters that have witnessed countless Irreecha celebrations now reflected not just the ancient sky, but the gleaming facades of a modernizing capital. Tomorrow, the celebration continues in Bishoftu, where Hora Arsedi will bring together even more communities in thanksgiving. But today's celebration at Hora Finfinnee has already achieved something remarkable – it has shown how ancient wisdom and modern progress can dance together; how traditions can flourish in transformed spaces, and how a people's gratitude can encompass both the blessings of the past and the promises of the future. As the celebrants dispersed carrying blessed grass and hearts full of hope, they left behind waters that had witnessed not just another Irreecha, but a celebration that perfectly captured a nation in transition – honoring where it came from while embracing where it is headed. In this season of thanksgiving, Ethiopia itself has something to be grateful for.

By Girma Mirgisa September in Ethiopia is a month of cultural grandeur, a season when the land itself seems to renew, as the rains give way to sunshine, green landscapes, and blossoming flowers. It is a time when the nation celebrates both its heritage and hopes for the future. The month begins with Enkutatash, the Ethiopian New Year, a joyful occasion marked by family gatherings, traditional songs, and expressions of hope for a brighter year. Soon after comes Meskel, the solemn commemoration of the discovery of the True Cross, one of the most unifying festivals in Ethiopia’s religious calendar. Together, these celebrations reflect Ethiopia’s rich blend of cultural depth and spiritual devotion. Amid, these vibrant occasions, Irreecha, the Oromo people’s thanksgiving festival, shines with a distinctive brilliance. Unlike other festivals, Irreecha is a profound expression of gratitude to the Creator, harmony with nature, and reconciliation among people. It bridges the social, the ancestral and the contemporary, offering Ethiopia and the world a living example of peace, unity, and renewal.   Irreecha for Peace and Reconciliation Irreecha is more than a festival; it is a vital part of the Gadaa system. For centuries, it has served as a cultural compass a moment when communities gather to thank Waaqaa (God) for past blessings and to pray for peace, health, prosperity, and long life in the year ahead. It is not merely symbolic; it is transformative. Before attending the festival, participants reconcile with themselves and others, setting aside grudges, anger, or resentment. This cleansing of the spirit gives the festival its essence as the festival of peace and reconciliation, where forgiveness, unity, and brotherhood take center stage. The festival begins at sunrise, as the first rays touch the gathering grounds. ‘Abba Gadaas’, custodians of the Gadaa system and symbols of Oromo wisdom, lead prayers of thanksgiving and hope. Standing beside them, the ‘Haadha Sinqees’, women entrusted with upholding justice and moral order, lift their symbolic Sinqee sticks, representing balance, protection, and the indispensable role of women in preserving peace. Participants dip fresh grass and flowers into the waters of lakes or rivers, lifting them toward the heavens, a gesture that signifies the interconnectedness of humanity, nature, and the Creator. As chants of “Hoo yaa mare woo, mare woo, mare woo” rise, millions of voices merge into one, creating a powerful sound of unity. Clad in white traditional attire, symbolizing purity, peace, and renewal, the gathering becomes a sea of harmony where differences of religion, ethnicity, or background dissolve.   In this moment, Irreecha becomes a living sanctuary of reconciliation, a declaration of shared humanity, a reminder that peace is possible when forgiveness is embraced and unity is chosen over division. Cultural Splendor and Social Harmony Irreecha is not only a festival of thanksgiving but also a grand cultural showcase, radiating joy, pride, and unity. Cities like Addis Ababa and Bishoftu transform into vibrant stages of celebration, alive with traditional Oromo music, dances and colorful attire. For families, Irreecha is a cherished time of reunion, as relatives travel from near and far to gather, share meals, and strengthen bonds. Old friendships are renewed, new connections are formed, and entire communities rejoice together. The festival also serves as a living classroom of Oromo heritage, where ancestral wisdom is passed down to younger generations, and global visitors have the opportunity to engage with and learn from these rich traditions. Every element of the celebration carries meaning: white garments symbolize purity and renewal, songs and dances reflect history, resilience, and joy, and the sharing of food embodies generosity and hospitality, core values of Oromo culture. Together, these elements weave Irreecha into an event that is both spiritually profound and socially vibrant, uniting body, spirit, and community. Today, Irreecha has grown to welcome participation from nations and nationalities across Ethiopia, turning it into a truly inclusive national celebration.   While deeply rooted in Oromo tradition, Irreecha has blossomed into a national celebration embraced by all nations and nationalities across Ethiopia. Its universal themes of gratitude, peace, unity, and renewal reflect the country’s collective aspirations. The 2025 theme, “Irreecha: For National Renewal,” embodies this spirit, reminding Ethiopians that sustainable progress must be grounded in cultural harmony and shared values. This year’s festival coincides with the inauguration of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a historic milestone in Ethiopia’s pursuit of development and self-reliance. The convergence of Irreecha’s spirit of renewal with GERD’s structural triumph embodies the nation’s resilience, ambition, and unity a testament to Ethiopia’s ability to honor its heritage while confidently shaping its future.   As Ethiopia strengthens its place as a cultural tourism hub, Irreecha is attracting growing international attention. Visitors from across the globe come to witness its authenticity, the beauty of its traditions, and the collective joy of its people. Alongside iconic treasures such as Timket, Lalibela’s rock-hewn churches, and the Simien Mountains, Irreecha showcases Ethiopia’s unique blend of cultural richness and natural wonder, offering the world an inspiring vision of harmony, heritage, and hope.   To ensure Irreecha continues to thrive as a festival of cultural, spiritual, and social significance, communities should preserve its essence through reconciliation, forgiveness, and gratitude, while also encouraging youth participation to pass on Oromo heritage. Media and cultural institutions must play their part by providing accurate and respectful coverage, highlighting the festival’s spiritual and cultural dimensions, and safeguarding indigenous traditions from misrepresentation. By working together, all stakeholders can help Irreecha remain a vibrant celebration of heritage, unity, and national pride, while advancing efforts to inscribe this grand festival on UNESCO’s heritage list and share it with the world. This year, Irreecha celebrated on the 4th and 5th of October in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu respectively.

By Henok Tadele HAILE Addis Ababa, October 3, 2025 (ENA) -- I read Jane Flanagan’s article on The Times, “Addis Ababa takes a bulldozer to its past in bid to be ‘Dubai of Africa,’” and my heart clenched. It was written as though Ethiopia’s dream of building a modern capital is a crime. As though Africans are destined to remain trapped in dust and decay so that some Western eyes can keep their favorite picture of us- poor, shabby, nostalgic, pitiable. But Africa is rising, and we will not apologize! Our Heritage Is Not Pétanque The article begins with the image of elderly men playing pétanque, a French game brought here by railway workers. It is a quaint picture. Some Western writers lament the possible loss of pétanque — a French pastime brought by colonial-era engineers, now played by only a handful of elderly railway workers, out of 130 million Ethiopians who are in need of modern facilities. Ethiopians do not measure heritage in borrowed games. But should our entire story be reduced to this borrowed pastime? No! Ethiopia’s heritage is not measured in boules on a dusty railway yard. Mr. Jane Flanagan, no bulldozer has touched our heritage. On the contrary, Ethiopia has been restoring it with care. Ethiopian Heritage Authority's Director General Abebaw Ayalew is one of the respected historians, entrusted with safeguarding heritage before any new project begins. In Ethiopia’s corridor development project, old palaces have been refurbished, churches preserved, mosques protected. Meskel Square, the long beating heart of Addis Ababa, was modernized without erasing its history. The story is not one of eliminating, but of rebirth. Cleaning Our Rivers, Greening River Banks   I grew up knowing what Addis Ababa rivers were like: black and poisoned streams. Factories used to dispose their waste into them, and sewage poured from homes. Children were cautioned against going near the rivers. Today, those same riversides have been cleaned. Families walk on shaded paths, children ride bicycles, couples sit watching waters once so dreaded for their pollution. This is not “prestige for some elite” — it is life restored. When London tried to clean the Thames river, it was called progress. When Paris healed the Seine river for the Olympic, it was praised. Why then is Addis Ababa’s renovation work deliberately skewed? Why are Africans not allowed the dignity of clean, neat environment and green parks? The myth of False Claim The Times repeats a false claim that 4,000 families were displaced for the Meskel Square project. It is simply not true. It was only refurbished--the area was not a residential site; it did not need families to be relocated. Because nobody lives at the popular square, Mr Flanagan, do you have to defile and smear it for nothing? But that place is really improved with modern parking, underground shops and terminals. But in other places in Addis, what is true is that many Ethiopians lived for decades in slums without clean water, without playgrounds, without safety. Poverty is not picturesque. It is not heritage. It is an indignity. The communities deserve housing facilities and they were accordingly resettled.   To replace collapsing shacks with safe housing, with wide sidewalks, with free sports fields and public squares — that is not cruelty. It is justice. When neighborhoods in London were recently gentrified places such as for the Olympic park, and Paris recently gentrified neighborhoods, driven by projects like the Grand Paris Express, it is called progress and modernity. Why must Africa alone be condemned for modernizing? Built With Own Hands Here is what the article does not say: Addis Ababa’s transformation or cities' renovation in the entire nation was not imposed by outsiders. It was built mostly with Ethiopian hands, Ethiopian brains, and Ethiopian budgets. Young people earned jobs, women found livelihoods, and engineers proved their skills. For once, it was not dictated by donors. Perhaps that is what unsettled some - that Africa is proving it can build without begging, that Addis Ababa’s skyline is not a gift from outside but the work of its own people. A Pan-African Capital Addis Ababa is not just Ethiopia’s capital. It is the seat of the African Union, the city where Pan-Africanism resonates. When Nigerians, Ghanaians, Kenyans, or South Africans, generally Africans arrive, they are not guests — they are coming to their continental capital. They deserve to see a city that reflects pride; that can stand shoulder to shoulder with the world, without shame. To suggest Addis must stay shabby to remain “authentic” is to say Africans do not deserve beauty and progress. That our children must forever grow up in broken streets, while others enjoy glittering cities. This is an insult and must be bulldozed. Beyond the Skyline, the Human Story Addis Ababa is changing. The glass towers rise, the roads widen, the skyline glitters brighter each year. Visitors marvel at the transformation, comparing it to Dubai, Beijing, or even Paris. But for us Africans, the story of Addis cannot be told only through skyscrapers or state prestige. It is a city of flesh and blood, of mothers, fathers, workers, dreamers — a place where every stone carries memory and every street hums with resilience. So, what Africans and African Americans alike should feel proud of — Addis Ababa is rewriting its own future. One shining example is the Addis Ababa River and Corridor Development Project, known as the Sheger Beautifying Project, launched in 2019. The beauty, green spaces, walking sides, and service standards of Addis Ababa have increased by leaps and bounds.   The rivers of Addis once ran as open sewers, polluted and forgotten. Today, through the project, they are being cleaned and reborn. Riverbeds are being dredged, waste channels redirected, water treated. Along the river banks rise new parks, gardens, and tree-lined corridors that breathe life back into the city. Friendship Park, built on reclaimed land, has become a gathering place for important events, families, couples, elders, and youth — a place where nature, community, and dignity meet. But the project is not only about beauty, it is about survival and opportunity. The green spaces absorb floods that once devastated neighborhoods. The shaded walkways cool the air in a city growing hotter each year. New playgrounds, sports fields, and public toilets bring dignity to areas long neglected. Bicycle paths and pedestrian lanes ease the burden of traffic and give people healthier, safer ways to move through the city. Most importantly, the project has created massive job opportunities. Thousands of youth have been employed in river cleaning, construction, landscaping, and maintenance. Local small businesses — from cafes to bike rentals are bringing modern life to the city. Tourism is expected to grow, bringing income not just to investors, but to ordinary street vendors, artisans, and workers who are the backbone of Addis. For young Africans looking for hope in their own soil, this is proof that development can mean jobs, not just buildings. What matters is that Addis Ababa is not being remade in the image of others, but in its own. It is a city of renovation, experimenting, always moving forward. Addis is more than a capital. It is the beating heart of Africa — headquarters of the African Union, the meeting place of our leaders, the seat of our shared future. When its rivers are cleaned, when its skyline rises, when its public spaces welcome the ordinary African to sit with dignity — it sends a message: we are capable, we are resilient, we are writing our own story. Let them see the Sheger Beautifying Project not as an imitation of foreign models, but as an African renaissance rooted in the soil of Addis. The city is not losing its soul — it is expanding it. And for Black people everywhere — in Africa, in the Americas, in the Caribbean — Addis Ababa should stand as a reminder- our heritage is alive, our future is ours to build, and our story will never again be told for us by others. Africa Will Rise Ethiopia is no longer the hungry poster child of the 1980s. It is a member of BRICS nations, Africa’s fifth-largest economy, a producer of energy, fertilizer, and ambition. The Grand Renaissance Dam lights our homes, our farmers feed our nation, and our cities must match this future. Addis Ababa is not mimicking to be another city. It is trying to be Addis — modern, proud, rooted in its own soil. We are building, not to copy others but to honor ourselves. So let the world understand- we are not bulldozing our past. We are transforming for the better; building upon it a future where our children deserve. We will not apologize for wanting playgrounds instead of slums, clean rivers instead of open sewers, restored palaces instead of ruins. Africa is not rising against anyone. We are rising for ourselves, for our dignity, for our children, for our history. And rise we shall.

By Mahder Nesibu Addis Ababa, September 28, 2025 (ENA) -- The Second African Climate Summit, held in Addis Ababa from 8–10 September 2025, marked a defining moment in Africa’s approach to climate change. Traditionally framed as a region vulnerable to global emissions yet lacking bargaining leverage, Africa has increasingly asserted itself as a source of practical solutions, innovative finance, and policy leadership. The summit, convened under the theme “Accelerating Global Climate Solutions: Financing for Africa’s Resilient and Green Development,” sought to reposition the continent from a passive recipient of climate commitments to a proactive architect of its climate future. By producing the Addis Ababa Declaration on Climate Change and Call to Action, launching the Africa Climate Innovation Compact (ACIC) and the African Climate Facility (ACF), initiated by Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, ACS2 combined political unity, operational ambition, and strategic financing to chart a pathway for Africa’s influence in global climate forums, particularly the upcoming COP30 in Belém, Brazil. At its core, the summit reflected recognition that Africa’s climate challenges cannot be addressed piecemeal. Fragmented national positions and uneven institutional capacities had long weakened the continent’s negotiating influence and limited its access to both public and private finance. ACS2 addressed this through a combination of political consensus and operational instruments. The Addis Ababa Declaration, unanimously endorsed by participating Heads of State and Government, crystallized continental priorities: adaptation and resilience as financing imperatives, renewable energy expansion and green industrialization as growth engines, and a commitment to Africa-led mechanisms for project delivery and finance mobilization. By translating strategic goals into a shared document, the summit established both a narrative and a framework for collective action, strengthening Africa’s bargaining position on the global stage. The Africa Climate Innovation Compact represents the summit’s operational linchpin. Designed to identify, incubate, and scale climate solutions developed on the continent, ACIC sets an ambitious target of delivering 1,000 bankable solutions by 2030, spanning energy, agriculture, water, transport, and urban resilience. Complementing this, the African Climate Facility functions as a financing instrument intended to mobilize approximately US$50 billion per year in catalytic capital, blending public, private, and multilateral resources to bridge the persistent gap between pilot initiatives and scalable projects. Together, these mechanisms constitute a “pipeline-plus-capital” model, which directly addresses the historical challenge of Africa possessing innovative solutions yet lacking the financial infrastructure to deploy them at scale. By linking solution identification with robust financing, ACIC and ACF embody a credible, results-oriented approach that transforms political commitments into actionable projects.   The significance of these instruments extends beyond their immediate financial or technological scope. They demonstrate Africa’s ability to self-organize at continental scale, coordinating innovation ecosystems, diaspora engagement, and regional financiers to generate tangible climate outcomes. ACIC emphasizes local ownership, drawing upon universities, research centres, and indigenous knowledge systems, ensuring that interventions are contextually appropriate, socially inclusive, and operationally sustainable. Similarly, the ACF’s catalytic design signals to global investors that African projects are structured for impact, with mechanisms for risk mitigation, blended finance, and transparent governance. This combination strengthens Africa’s credibility in international negotiations, transforming the continent from a perceived climate recipient into a credible climate partner. The summit also produced a series of financing breakthroughs that enhance Africa’s capacity to act independently. A cooperation framework among African development finance institutions and commercial banks, collectively targeting US$100 billion in mobilization, illustrates the continent’s readiness to deploy capital for green industrialization and renewable infrastructure. Additional commitments, including partnership arrangements led by the European Investment Bank to unlock up to €100 billion in investment by 2027, and bilateral pledges from Denmark and Italy, reinforce the signal that Africa can coordinate domestic and international finance to operationalize climate priorities. These flows, while supplementary, provide the critical early-stage funding needed to establish proof-of-concept projects and catalyse private investment. Beyond financing, ACS2 underscored the importance of programmatic coherence. The summit endorsed the second phase of the Africa Adaptation Acceleration Program (AAAP 2.0), aiming to mobilize US$50 billion by 2030 to climate-proof food systems, infrastructure, and urban areas. Simultaneously, sectoral initiatives such as Mission 300, targeting energy access for 300 million people by 2030, and regional clean cooking programs, demonstrate Africa’s ability to design interventions with measurable social, economic, and environmental co-benefits. By aligning these programs with ACIC and ACF, the summit creates a pipeline of bankable, high-impact projects that both domestic governments and international partners can support.   Ethiopia, as host, highlighted the role of national leadership in demonstrating ambition and feasibility. The country showcased large-scale climate and infrastructure interventions, including ongoing tree-planting campaigns under its Green Legacy initiative and the political and operational milestones surrounding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia’s simultaneous announcement of its bid to host COP32 in 2027 signals a broader strategic intent: Africa is not merely a venue for discussion but an architect of the global climate agenda. By integrating domestic action, diplomatic engagement, and continental facilitation, Ethiopia exemplifies the potential for African states to merge national achievement with collective leadership. The broader significance of ACS2 lies in its contribution to a unified African voice at COP30 and subsequent climate forums. Historically, fragmented positions and varying national capacities limited the continent’s influence, particularly in negotiations over adaptation finance, debt sustainability, and energy transition. By consolidating priorities into the Addis Ababa Declaration, linking them to operational mechanisms, and signalling robust finance mobilization, Africa now presents a coherent package: a set of pragmatic asks underpinned by delivery mechanisms. This clarity strengthens both political leverage and credibility, while aligning continental demands with global financing targets, such as the UNFCCC’s “Baku to Belém Roadmap” for scaling climate finance to US$1.3 trillion annually by 2035. At the same time, ACS2 demonstrates the strategic role of diaspora engagement and innovation ecosystems in extending Africa’s climate reach. ACIC’s design explicitly incorporates partnerships with universities, SMEs, and research institutions, while leveraging diaspora networks to amplify solutions internationally. These linkages create both technical capacity and narrative influence: Africa is not only a recipient of climate finance but a generator of scalable, bankable, and replicable solutions. By creating platforms for knowledge transfer and investment mobilization, ACS2 embodies a model in which innovation, finance, and political unity converge to strengthen continental agency.   Nevertheless, the summit also highlighted the challenges inherent in ambition. Operationalizing ACIC and ACF requires the rapid establishment of governance structures, capital mobilization, and monitoring mechanisms. Delivering US$50 billion annually, alongside 1,000 bankable solutions by 2030, remains aspirational, dependent on domestic policy alignment, regulatory reform, and sustained international cooperation. Ensuring that adaptation finance remains largely grant-based and non-debt-creating is essential to prevent exacerbating sovereign vulnerabilities, while investor confidence will hinge upon regulatory clarity, transparent reporting, and predictable policy frameworks. These risks, however, are mitigated by the deliberate integration of political consensus, operational instruments, and finance mobilization evident at ACS2. Comparative reflection on these outcomes illustrates several lessons. ACS2 demonstrates that political unity, operational design, and finance mobilization are mutually reinforcing. The Addis Ababa Declaration consolidates Africa’s priorities and narrative, ACIC and ACF translate ambition into implementable projects, and continental finance frameworks signal capability and readiness to both domestic and international partners. Just as Africa’s cultural and creative industries have leveraged diaspora networks, technological ecosystems, and state support to project influence, ACS2 demonstrates that climate leadership can similarly be structured, scalable, and credible. Finally, the summit emphasizes the strategic and symbolic dimension of African climate leadership. By projecting a unified voice, operational capacity, and financing ambition, ACS2 positions the continent not only as a claimant to climate resources but as a credible partner capable of delivering tangible outcomes. This reframing is critical: Africa moves from a narrative of vulnerability to one of agency, from a perceived recipient to a source of deployable solutions. If the operational frameworks and financing mechanisms established at Addis Ababa are implemented effectively, ACS2 may mark a turning point—where Africa’s climate ambitions are no longer aspirational rhetoric but tangible, measurable, and globally recognized. The Summit exemplifies the intersection of political cohesion, operational innovation, and strategic financing as instruments of continental agency. Through the Addis Ababa Declaration, the Africa Climate Innovation Compact, and the African Climate Facility, Africa has crafted a framework capable of shaping its climate trajectory while strengthening its negotiating position internationally. By linking ambition to implementable projects, mobilizing domestic and international capital, and fostering continental unity, ACS2 offers a blueprint for Africa to transform climate vulnerability into opportunity, influence, and leadership on the global stage.

By Samiya Mohammed Addis Ababa, September 28, 2025 (ENA) -- The recent Second Africa-CARICOM Summit in Addis Ababa marked a historic turning point in transcontinental relations, potentially reshaping how Global South nations collaborate on issues of justice, development, and collective sovereignty. Convened under the powerful theme Transcontinental Partnership in Pursuit of Reparatory Justice for Africans and People of African Descent through Reparations, the summit represented more than a diplomatic ceremony; it signified a fundamental reimagining of Africa-Caribbean relations beyond colonial constructs toward a future built on mutual interests and shared historical experiences. The gathering built upon the foundation laid by the first summit held in 2021, but with heightened urgency and more concrete mechanisms for collaboration. As articulated by Angolan President João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, who currently chairs the African Union, the summit aimed to "transform past injustices into solidarity, cooperation, and justice". This sentiment echoed throughout the proceedings, reflecting both regions' determination to leverage their collective strength in addressing the enduring legacies of slavery, colonialism, and ongoing structural inequalities in the global system. The Africa-CARICOM relationship is steeped in history, connected by the forced migration of millions of Africans during the transatlantic slave trade that created the Caribbean's demographic landscape. Despite this connection, post-colonial relationships between the regions have often been mediated through former colonial powers and limited by geographical distance. The institutionalization of Africa-CARICOM summits represents a conscious effort to overcome these constraints and establish direct South-South partnerships based on shared aspirations rather than colonial inheritance. The choice of Addis Ababa as host city carries symbolic weight, positioning the African Union headquarters as the center of this renewed partnership. Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali emphasized the deliberateness of this partnership, noting that "Africa and the Caribbean bring complementary strengths, and together these are multiplied". His reference to Ethiopia's philosophy of "Medemer," meaning "coming together," aptly captured the summit's spirit, a belief in progress through connection, culture, innovation, knowledge, and collective effort rather than through isolation or dependency. The summit's focus on reparatory justice represented a maturation of both regions' longstanding but previously parallel efforts toward addressing historical wrongs. The CARICOM Reparations Commission, established in 2013, has pioneered a comprehensive approach through its Ten-Point Plan for Reparatory Justice, which has inspired similar movements globally, including the National African American Reparations Commission in the United States. Similarly, the African Union's designation of 2025's flagship theme as "Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations" signalled the continent's institutional commitment to this agenda. Dr. Carla Barnett, Secretary-General of CARICOM, powerfully framed the summit as a "homecoming for the Caribbean, reconnecting people separated by ocean, colonialism, and economic systems, but united through shared heritage". This emotional resonance underpinned the political urgency of the reparations agenda, transforming historical trauma into a catalyst for contemporary solidarity. Prime Minister of St. Kitts and Nevis, Terrance Drew, incoming President of CARICOM, articulated the moral imperative behind the reparations movement: "Repentance alone is no longer sufficient; demands for reparations are legitimate in addressing structural inequalities". His statement scored the summit's rejection of symbolic gestures in favor of substantive restitution that addresses the multidimensional impacts of colonialism and slavery. Beyond the moral and historical dimensions, the summit demonstrated practical commitment to building institutional architecture that sustains cooperation beyond symbolic gatherings. The adoption of a Joint Communiqué articulating shared development priorities and global policy positions created a roadmap for collaboration. The establishment of an African Caribbean Joint Mechanism on Reparative Justice, based on resolutions from the Global African Diaspora Summit held in South Africa in 2012, provided an institutional vehicle for maintaining momentum. The presence of leaders from multilateral financial institutions, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and African and Caribbean Development Banks, signalled recognition that financial architecture reform must be part of any meaningful reparations discussion. Mr. Parfait Onanga-Anyanga, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General to the African Union, highlighted the compounded injustices facing both regions: "the impact of colonialism and the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and the fact that we were under colonial domination when today's multilateral system was created". This analysis reframed the reparations debate beyond compensation for historical wrongs to include the transformation of global systems that perpetuate inequality. The health sector collaboration exemplified through the Health Development Partnership for Africa and the Caribbean demonstrated how functional cooperation could yield immediate benefits for both regions. Similarly, trade initiatives like the Afrexim Bank office in the Caribbean and the Afro-Caribbean Trade and Investment Forum created tangible economic pathways that reduce dependency on former colonial powers The Second Africa-CARICOM Summit represents a paradigm shift in South-South cooperation, moving beyond traditional economic development frameworks to embrace a comprehensive approach that addresses historical justice, cultural reconnection, and global structural reform. By centering reparations within their partnership, both regions have positioned moral justice as the foundation for future collaboration rather than treating it as a separate issue. The summit's emphasis on unity of purpose between Africa and the Caribbean creates unprecedented potential for advancing shared interests in an increasingly multipolar world. As Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed noted, despite adversity, "both regions now choose to face challenges together, defining their own solutions and future". This assertion of agency and self-determination represents the most significant outcome of the gathering, the declaration that two regions with deeply intertwined histories are now writing their next chapter together rather than through intermediaries. As the implementation phase begins, the world will watch whether this ambitious partnership can transform historical grievances into a future of shared prosperity and dignity. The journey from Addis Ababa will undoubtedly face challenges, but the summit has undoubtedly created a foundation for transformation that could redefine transcontinental relations for generations to come.

By Molla Mitiku On September 14, 2025, a monumental celebration in the heart of Addis Ababa marked the conclusion of a journey spanning more than a decade, the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). At Meskel Square, a vast sea of people, united by pride, sacrifice, and collective determination, celebrated the fulfillment of a national dream. More than a rally, the event was a statement of sovereignty and self-reliance. Citizens honored their shared sacrifices, which had transformed a formidable challenge into a symbol of Ethiopia’s rebirth. Ethiopians believe that the GERD is much more than an engineering triumph; rather, it represents a new philosophy of African development, one that rejects dependency and insists on self-reliance. Unlike traditional projects that often leave African nations burdened by debt and beholden to external influence, Ethiopia looked out of the box and chose a different path, financing it entirely with domestic resources, a bold decision that challenged the conventional wisdom of development financing on the continent. When international financial institutions refused to support the project, Ethiopia stood boldly in taking on the challenge alone. All ordinary citizens stepped forward, contributing through bond purchases and contributions. The result was an unprecedented sense of ownership. For millions of Ethiopians, the GERD ceased to be just an infrastructure project; it became a living testament to their collective will and a rejection of the idea that progress must hinge on foreign approval. At Meskel Square, that spirit was palpable. Elders, teachers, students, and civil servants filled the plaza, their chants echoing: “The Abay River said ‘Yes’ to its motherland!” and “GERD is our destiny!” These cries captured the essence of a triumph built on shared sacrifice. The dam now stands not merely as a physical structure but as an enduring monument to the resilience of the Ethiopian people. For more than a decade, the GERD has been more than a titanic infrastructure undertaking. It has been a clarion call to unity, an inspiration of resolve, and a bold affirmation of Ethiopia’s sovereign right to shape its own future. Addressing the jubilant crowd, Addis Ababa Mayor Adanech Abiebie described the dam as “not only an engineering masterpiece but also a pillar of national unity and a lasting symbol of Ethiopia’s resolve.” The story of the GERD is unique on the African continent. Unlike most mega-projects, it was not financed by international donors or development banks. Instead, it was carried by ordinary Ethiopians, farmers, teachers, day laborers, school children, and diaspora communities, who together shouldered the financial burden. The billions of dollars raised domestically turned the GERD into a truly national project, built by the people, for the people. That sense of ownership was clear in the voices of those who attended the rally. Tizita Shiferaw, who bought bonds to support construction, pledged to continue contributing to future national projects, urging Ethiopian youth to draw inspiration from GERD’s example of hard work and perseverance. Likewise, Elisabeth Tessema stressed the collective spirit of the initiative, affirming that citizens stand ready to rally behind other transformative endeavors. The road to this moment was far from easy. Ethiopia faced sustained pressure, blocked loans, and threats of sanctions, driven largely by opposition from downstream countries. Yet, instead of capitulating, Ethiopia looked inward. By trusting its own people rather than external benefactors, the nation redrew the rulebook for African development and proved that determination could overcome even the steepest obstacles. Therefore, the GERD’s completion is more than a national milestone; it is a continental lesson. Ethiopia has shown that when a nation unites behind a common vision, it can chart its own destiny, free from dependency and external dictates. As a result, the dam secures the country’s energy future. It also brought to Africa a deeper legacy that lies in the development model it has inspired, a blueprint rooted in unity, resilience, and self-reliance. In the words of a popular saying echoed that goes like “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Ethiopia not only built a dam; it built a vision of African progress that begins at home, fueled by the strength of its own people.

By Awad Abdusebur Addis Ababa, September 14, 2025 (ENA) -- When you think of the Blue Nile, which is also known as the Abbay River, picture it as the lifeblood of Ethiopia's highlands. This mighty waterway is one of the most important rivers in all of Africa. The Nile itself, which the Blue Nile feeds into, is a massive river system that flows from both the Ethiopian highlands and the Nile Equatorial Lake region. The Nile's drainage basin is truly enormous, covering an incredible 3.18 million square kilometers. That's about 10% of Africa's entire landmass. The basin is a shared resource for 11 countries: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Together, these countries are home to over 556 million people—that's about 42% of Africa's total population. For centuries, the river's waters have sustained civilizations, but the historical context of its management, particularly the legacy of colonial agreements, continues to shape the present-day water security challenges. The colonial era significantly impacted the Nile River's management, leaving a legacy that continues to influence water resource governance in the region. The 1929 and 1959 agreements, primarily between Egypt and Sudan, and brokered by the British, were crafted with the interests of the colonial powers in mind. These agreements allocated a disproportionate share of the Nile's water to Egypt and Sudan, effectively marginalizing the needs and aspirations of upstream riparian countries notably Ethiopia. These agreements established Egypt's right to a significant portion of the Nile's water flow, essentially granting it veto power over any upstream water development projects. This unilateral approach to water management, rooted in the colonial context, created a significant power imbalance. While acknowledging the historical context is crucial, the fundamental principle of equitable sharing of a shared resource, particularly for the upstream countries that bear the brunt of the river's flow, remains a significant issue. Ethiopia as a major source of this river has been strived to bring equitable utilization of the Nile water. A Paradigm Shift in Water Resource Management Ethiopia's claim to the Nile is rooted in its long history of utilizing the river for its development and sustenance. For centuries, Ethiopian communities have not been able to utilize their resources due to the unjust colonial era contested agreements. This historical precedent forms a crucial part of Ethiopia's argument for its right to develop its water resources. These agreements often fail to adequately address the needs of upstream countries like Ethiopia, who argue that their developmental needs must be balanced with the downstream countries' interests. Ethiopia's argument rests on the principle of equitable utilization of shared water resources. It asserts that its development needs, including poverty alleviation and economic growth, are as important as the needs of downstream countries. This principle, enshrined in international water law, contends that the use of shared water resources should not harm other riparian states. Ethiopia emphasizes its right to develop its own resources without creating harm to downstream users. Ethiopia's growing economy, coupled with its ambitious development agenda, has positioned it as a key player in the Nile Basin. While the other riparian nations have also been contemplating about the issue of equitable use of shared water resources, Ethiopia persists in highlighting the necessity for a just resolution that takes into account the interests of all parties involved in the Nile basin, focusing on cooperation and mutual understanding to achieve this position. This collective viewpoint led to the establishment of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). Birth of the Nile Basin Initiative The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is a partnership of ten member countries that was formed on February 22, 1999. Its purpose is to create a transitional regional framework for collaborative efforts aimed at achieving a Shared Vision Objective: to promote sustainable socioeconomic development through the fair use and benefits derived from the shared water resources of the Nile Basin. The NBI was designed as a temporary cooperative structure to encourage collaboration until a permanent legal and institutional system for the management and development of the Nile's water resources is established. The member nations of the NBI include Burundi, the D.R. Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Additionally, Eritrea participates as an Observer in the NBI. The initiative recognized the interconnectedness of the Nile's resources and the importance of a unified approach to their management. Central to the NBI's success was the inclusion of all riparian states, recognizing the need for equitable participation and representation. Agreement on the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Driven by Nile countries themselves, the establishment of the Initiative marked the first time a truly comprehensive mechanism of cooperation had been agreed among riparian countries. The NBI was launched as a ‘transitional’ arrangement up until a final Framework for Cooperation is put in place’, i.e. the Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) that would provide a permanent legal and institutional basis for Nile cooperation. CFA is a treaty aimed at fostering collaboration and fair distribution of the Nile River's water resources among all the countries bordering the river, as outlined by the Nile Basin Initiative. It outlines principles, rights and obligations for cooperative management and development of the Nile Basin water resources. Its goal is to create a structure for comprehensive management, sustainable development, and balanced use of the Nile Basin's water resources, while also highlighting the importance of their conservation and protection. Countries began the process of preparing the text of the CFA in 1997. After ten years of discussions, consensus was achieved on all clauses. A total of six instruments of ratification or accession are required for the CFA to come into effect, and these have been obtained. From 2013 to 2023, five nations (Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) ratified the CFA and submitted their instruments. After almost 15 years, CFA came into force on October 13, 2024 following South Sudan's ratification on July 8, 2024. The ratification of CFA among the countries in the basin brings a multitude of advantages, primarily centered on fair water distribution, sustainable growth, and regional collaboration. These advantages encompass a legal structure for managing water resources, a forum for dialogue and resolving disputes, as well as prospects for economic and investment expansion within the basin. Entering into force of the CFA is a milestone for the Nile Basin countries towards mutual cooperation by establishing a commission to expedite the development of the resources across the region. Nile River Basin Commission The Nile River Basin Commission (NRBC) is a permanent institutional mechanism that will be established by the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) to promote the management and development of the Nile River Basin. The NRBC aims to foster cooperation among the ten Nile Basin countries, ensuring equitable distribution of water resources and addressing challenges like population growth and climate change. The CFA will take effect 60 days after the sixth instrument of ratification or accession is deposited with the African Union Commission, which will trigger the activation of the Nile River Basin Commission. It is the duty of the Nile Council of Water Ministers to establish all necessary organs and procedures for the Nile River Basin Commission as outlined in the CFA. Harnessing Hydropower: Opportunities for Energy Security and Economic Growth While Ethiopia is advocating for fairness in the distribution of shared resources, it is simultaneously carried out the development of its significant historical project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), along the Nile River. The GERD project has now been successfully completed, sending an important message to other African nations. Its unique nature lies in the fact that it was constructed using local resources and by engaging the general public. Without the support of the Ethiopian people and government, this vital infrastructure would not have come to fruition, as external funding was lacking. Ethiopia financed the construction of GERD independently, challenging the injustices perpetuated by international financial institutions that seek to uphold a colonial legacy concerning the river. This is key lesson for the rest of Africans who are suffering from the bottlenecks of financial institutions that hamper their development efforts. GERD is not only Ethiopia’s project. It is a Pan African project to support the realization of an integrated continent that is prosperous and power house of the world. The GERD project has significant economic implications for the entire region. Ethiopia's ability to generate and export hydroelectric power could stimulate economic growth and development, potentially impacting regional trade and investment. The GERD's potential to contribute to regional energy security is undeniable. Ethiopia's surplus electricity generation could be shared with neighboring countries, potentially providing a new source of power for the region. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam represents a significant undertaking with the potential to reshape the economic landscape of the region. While the project holds immense promise for Ethiopia's development, its successful implementation hinges on effective regional cooperation, equitable water resource management, and a commitment to addressing the concerns of downstream countries. Need for Paradigm Shift Things have changed dramatically. Ethiopia has completed the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) using its own resources, but this dam isn't just for Ethiopia. It's a significant tool for development across the entire region. The energy generated from the GERD will be a major driver of growth for the whole region. Beyond providing power, the dam also offers benefits for downstream countries by preventing silt buildup and reducing water waste without impacting the flow of water. Hence, perpetuating the colonial-era agreements on the Nile River is no longer a viable or just path forward. These old pacts were created by colonial powers and gave an unfair advantage to downstream countries like Egypt and Sudan, completely ignoring the needs of upstream nations, especially Ethiopia. This outdated way of thinking creates a "winner-takes-all" mindset that only fuels tension and makes it impossible to manage this shared resource in a fair, sustainable way. By holding on to these old agreements, Egypt and Sudan are not only isolating themselves but also threatening the stability of the entire Nile Basin. Instead of clinging to a flawed legacy, Egypt and Sudan should come to the table and negotiate with other nations in good faith. We need a new approach based on the principles of equitable utilization and the right to shared resources. This is the only way to ensure the long-term security and prosperity of everyone in the basin. A cooperative strategy would open the door for projects that benefit everyone, like shared infrastructure and better water management. Ultimately, working together is the only way to turn the Nile from a source of conflict into a force for regional cooperation and sustainable development. It's time to finally put an end to the colonial-era rules that have dominated the Nile River dispute for far too long. Let me conclude with the call made by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed during the inauguration of GERD last Tuesday: “To our brothers in the downstream nations, to our brothers in Nubia, and our brothers in the land of Misir, Ethiopia constructed the Renaissance Dam to foster prosperity, illuminate the region, and transform the history of the Black people—not to inflict harm upon its brothers. To our brothers who have reservations, I wish to reiterate today, before the Ethiopian people, that Ethiopia will always uphold your rights. The hunger of Egypt, the hunger of Sudan, and the hunger and problems of our other brothers are also our hunger. Apart from eating and sharing together, we have no desire to benefit ourselves by harming anyone else. The past is in the past. I urge you, with a sense of trust, to stand with us in collaboration on the great works we will undertake in the future.”