Mola Mitiku Ethiopia—a nation with over 120 million people and one of Africa's rising economies, needs to secure access to sea on the basis of international law and peaceful means. Landlocked since 1993, the nation has faced enormous economic, logistics, and strategic challenges, straining its growing economy. Hence, obtaining access to the sea for Ethiopia is essential and serious. Ethiopia shares its water of the Abay River and most of its tributaries with the river basin states. Of course, Ethiopians were deprived of utilizing the share of Abay water by the Egyptian authorities for millennia through overt and covert conspiracies against Ethiopia until the people crossed that mammoth challenge with firm determination, perseverance, steadfastness and resilience to construct the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Given this background, the dam is a historic milestone for Ethiopians and Africans as well. Hence, Ethiopia’s access to the sea and the ensuring equitable utilization of the water from Abay are the two sides of the same coin, fostering the nation's effort to safeguard its sovereign right to development and establish regional cooperation. Securing access to sea for Ethiopia is equally important and very serious. The country's legitimate right to obtain access to the sea along the Red Sea, based on international law and peacefully, should not be denied given its will of sharing clean water to its neighbor throughout the year. In this regard, Ethiopia has demonstrated extreme patience and good neighborhood by promoting dialogue and negotiation to secure sea access. This is so because the country needs to get access to the sea based on shared regional and continental interest—central to its overall national vision: a vision for equity, sustainable development, promoting African development.   The nation desperately needs sea access to expand its export economy, with emphasis on industrial products such as textiles, leather, coffee, and floriculture. In this regard, neighboring costal countries need to cooperate to discuss on agenda of Ethiopia’s quest for sea access. It is for shared prosperity, common peace and stability shared continental aspiration—nothing more, nothing less! Conspiracy against the other does not serve the interest of any of the country in the 21st century. The outcome is not longstanding. Ethiopia strongly believes that access to the sea contributes for regional integration and durable peace and stability in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia has overcome the mammoth challenge that prevented it from utilizing the Abay water. In the same manner, the nation will surely obtain sea access along the Red Sea based on international law and peaceful means. It must be underlined that Ethiopians have never aspired what they do not deserve. Ethiopia deserves to secure access to the sea along the Red Rea region. In this case, the quest for access to the sea has historical, natural and legal grounds by any international standard. As a signatory to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Ethiopia invokes the article granting landlocked countries freedom of access to sea and from the sea, and freedom of transit through adjacent states. Ethiopia recognizes the water share of other countries. However, the converse must be scrutinized by the international community. For instance, Ethiopia has completed the GERD and water flows to low riparian state, particularly to Egypt and Sudan.Yet, Egyptian officials leave no stone unturned to destabilize Ethiopia and the entire region. It is no secret that Egypt has remained a destabilizing agent on Ethiopia for centuries. On the other hand, Ethiopia's position is clear: transboundary river must be utilized based on equity and mutual cooperation with all riparian states taking their share of the water. GERD is a case in point—it generates electricity and the water flows to low riparian states. Ethiopia has also a firm stand for peace, diplomacy, and fair utilization of the Abay water. In this regard, the country has been working over the years for true solidarity that entails recognition of each riparian country's legitimate right for fair and reasonable use of common resources. Egypt’s stubborn colonial mindset on the other hand is outdated in the 21st century —it pursues hegemonic control of the River. Ethiopians have constructed and financed GERD by themselves to generate electricity for millions who are without access to light. Egypt wants Ethiopians to remain in darkness. However, this has changed forever. In a nutshell, access to the sea and ensuring equitable use of Abay water are the two sides of the same coin that foster sovereign development harnessing natural resources and regional cooperation. Obtaining sea access along the Red Sea and ensuring equity of utilizing Abay River are second to Ethiopian destiny. Access to the sea is an issue of survival to foster cooperation for common destiny given Ethiopia is a large country with a rapidly growing population.

Addis Ababa, October 23, 2025 (ENA) – The development projects like the Welmel River Irrigation and the Sof Omer Luxury Lodge and ongoing agricultural modernization, environmental sustainability, as well as and tourism efforts in Bale Zone of Oromia region are pillars of economic transformation. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed accompanied by a high-level delegation of former and current leaders has recently toured the Bale Zone, an area of rich in natural and cultural wealth. The visit, which deeply inspired the leaders, highlighted the region's breathtaking environment, including the Fincha Habera Waterfall and the Sof Omer cave system. In a discussion following the conclusion of the visit, Prime Minister Abiy emphasized the development in Bale zone is a showcase for the government's integrated national development strategy, linking agricultural modernization, eco-tourism, and environmental conservation. The high-level delegation leaders who toured various projects assessed the progress and identifying future priorities. The Welmel River Irrigation Development Project in Bale Zone marks a defining step in the country’s integrated development vision, linking agricultural modernization, environmental sustainability, and tourism as interdependent pillars of national transformation. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed inaugurated the project during a visit, noting the government’s commitment to building a resilient, self-sustaining economy grounded in food sovereignty and rural development. The three-day visit also spotlighted parallel initiatives in eco-tourism and ecosystem conservation around the Bale Mountains, demonstrating a holistic approach to development that balances productivity, environmental stewardship, and community well-being. “The goal of improving local livelihoods is central to Ethiopia’s forward-looking development agenda,” Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated in his remarks. Reflecting on his visit to the Sof Omer Caves, Prime Minister Abiy said: “The first time I visited Sof Omer with Shimeles (Chief Administrator of Oromia Region), I was both amazed and saddened. I was struck by the immense natural and historical wealth we have; and yet, how much of it has been forgotten. It made me feel both sad and determined.” He emphasized that Ethiopia has long underestimated the depth of its natural and cultural assets, noting that fully understanding and restoring sites like Sof Omar would require immense investment, but yield value far beyond money. “Our history should serve as a teacher,” he said. “Living too much in the past prevents us from acting today and building for tomorrow.” The Prime Minister also noted the architectural and engineering genius of ancient Ethiopian civilizations, evident in Lalibela, Aksum, and Sof Omar, and called for deeper scientific and archaeological research, particularly on theories suggesting underground links among these historic sites. The Welmel River Irrigation Development Project represents a major step in Ethiopia’s shift from rain-fed to irrigation-based agriculture. Designed and managed by the Ministry of Irrigation and Lowlands, the project aims to irrigate 9,687 hectares of farmland and directly benefit approximately 20,000 households. PM Abiy emphasized that the project is a key part of Ethiopia’s national food sovereignty strategy and its broader resilience agenda. “By establishing a sustainable surface irrigation system, the project seeks to improve the livelihoods and resilience of local communities that have long depended on rain-fed agriculture.” Irrigation and Lowlands Minister Abraham Belay said Bale Zone is one of the country’s most promising agricultural areas and a leading eco-tourism destination; however, its vast irrigation potential remains largely untapped. “Of the 137,100 hectares of irrigable land in the zone, only 26,000 hectares are currently used by irrigation systems,” he added. The Minister also noted that federal and regional governments have already developed 36 irrigation systems in Bale Zone, including the newly inaugurated Welmel project. The Welmel project of Bale Zone is first large-scale irrigation initiative, targeting 12,000 hectares, and to date 10,000 hectares have been developed, benefiting nearly 20,000 households. “In total, around 50,000 households are now benefiting from existing and newly built irrigation infrastructure,” the Minister said. “With 31 rivers, favorable terrain, and more than 1.2 million residents, Bale Zone deserves even greater investment.” Oromia Regional State Chief Administrator, Shimelis Abdisa, said “when I first came here six or seven years ago, there was a great deal of anger and resentment. But standing here today, seeing how much has changed in such a short time compared to the past, I feel truly happy”. According to the Chief Administrator, Sof Omar was chosen as the starting point when Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed gave directions to begin development activities in the area. Since then, tremendous efforts have been made to heal past grievances, paving the way for progress and innovation and these efforts have not only mobilized the people toward development and ensured stability but have also sparked a remarkable revival in urban growth, he added. This transformation represents a powerful energy for Ethiopia, an integrated vision encompassing agriculture, mining, and tourism, he stated, adding that it has generated renewed motivation among both the people and the leadership; and it stands as a source of great national strength. Reflecting on the past, senior leaders can see that this place carries profound lessons and it demonstrates the path Ethiopia is on and affirms that the nation’s prosperity is inevitable, he added. “I believe the determination and experience gained here can serve as an inspiration and model for others,” the Chief Administrator emphasized. Intergovernmental Authority on Development Executive Secretary, Workneh Gebeyohu, emphasized that “although I have visited this area many times before, I have never seen Bale as it is today”. In the past, despite its vast resources, Bale’s true potential was not visible to us. However, this visit has revealed the remarkable potentials the area is blessed, Workneh said, adding that the resources found in Bale are not only valuable for the region but can also contribute significantly to Ethiopia’s overall development. According to Workneh, with proper vision, Bale can be fundamentally transformed, shifting from dependency on safety-net programs to becoming a hub for productive agriculture and sustainable tourism; and we need a leadership team that truly understands the area’s potential and works collectively to ensure the local community benefits from these opportunities. Prime Minster Abiy’s advisor on East African Affairs, Getachew Reda, stated that he had visited Bale some 13 years ago. “Back then, I wondered why no one had thought to build roads here,” he said. According to Getachew, this part of the world, once considered remote and distant, has always held deep significance. The Bale Mountains are not just natural landmarks; a thousand years ago, they were centers of learning where Islamic scholars from across the world gathered to study and exchange knowledge. The immense potential of this area can only be realized when the community is encouraged to move beyond dependence on safety nets and to engage in activities that bring shared prosperity, he added. “Our failure to harness the region’s abundant resources to lift communities out of dependency reflects a broader challenge, a need for mindset transformation. The slow pace of expanding tourist destinations has limited the income we should be earning from this vital sector,” Getachew stated. By connecting tourist sites across the country, we can build unity not only through geography but also through shared history, culture, psychology, and politics, Getachew noted, adding that the tourism opportunities being developed in Bale should therefore be extended to other parts of the country, in line with each area’s unique conditions and potential. General Tsadkan Gebretensae, former Defense Chief of Staff, also expressed his reflection on the development projects in the Bale Zone. According to Tsadkan, the visit exceeded his expectations. “Although I had been to the places when I was in the Defense Force, I never realized that the area possessed such vast natural resources,” he explained, adding that “I had heard about Sof Omar before, but I didn’t know that it extends over 15 to 20 kilometers underground and that the surrounding area is rich with large rivers. Learning that these rivers can support development across 100,000 hectares of land gives me great hope”. So far, the former Defense Chief of Staff said we have only witnessed what lies above the ground, the underground resources remain untapped. General Tsadkan further explained that “even though we have not yet fully overcome challenges, I believe we can do so by setting aside our differences and working together for the common good of our country”. “At the same time, the progress I have seen here gives me confidence as our economy grows, our political stability will also strengthen”. The officials emphasized that Welmel project is not just about agriculture, it is a strategic investment in climate adaptation, sustainable water use, and long-term rural transformation. The integration of tourism, conservation, and irrigation in Bale Zone presents a replicable model for holistic regional development in Ethiopia.

By Henok T. Historically, Egypt and Sudan constructed major dams over the Nile, notably the Aswan High Dam and the Sennar Dam, without notifying and seeking consent from other basin states including Ethiopia. However, Ethiopia, constructed GERD notifying the lower stream states. Ethiopia’s move is a diplomatic, and brotherly gesture—in stark contrast to Egypt’s colonial mindset of utilizing the Nile waters with Egypt. Ethiopia committed to the Declaration of Principles (DoP) in 2015, which acknowledging the need for cooperation, fair use, and non-harm, setting a standard for consultation, nullifying the colonial era agreement which does not recognize the source of Abay River, Ethiopia, which contributes over 86 percent of water to downstream states. Simply because Ethiopia is the source of the Abay River, Egypt had been a safe haven for violent groups engaged in destabilizing Ethiopia. Egypt had been providing trainings and logistics to separatist groups to undermine Ethiopia. Egypt has never wanted Ethiopia to prosper. Egypt was fanning tensions between Ethiopia and its neighbors. It is against this background that the inauguration of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a historic milestone for Ethiopians and beyond. The successful completion of the dam is more than just a national achievement, expanding our strategic horizons and provides a foundation for implementing yet another mega projects in a united, forward-looking and geopolitical strategy, setting priority to African solidarity. Ethiopia has never acted unilaterally. From the very start of the GERD project in 2011, Ethiopia has pursued open dialogue through the tripartite mechanism with Sudan and Egypt, repeatedly reaffirming its commitment to the Declaration of Principles (DoP) signed in Khartoum in 2015 — a document that Egypt itself endorsed. That declaration clearly recognizes Ethiopia’s right to utilize its natural resources for development. The GERD is not a political tool, nor a project designed to control the Nile. It is a purely hydro-electric facility—a clean-energy investment built without external loans or conditionalities. The dam generates power, not scarcity; light, not confrontation. Contrary to the assertions made in Cairo, the controlled filling and operation of the dam have not caused harm to downstream nations. Independent hydrological analyses, confirm that fluctuations in river flow are within normal seasonal variations. No farmer in Egypt or Sudan has been deprived of a single drop of water because of the GERD. Ethiopia continues to release water in accordance with the dam’s engineering design and natural hydrological cycles. As the country that contributes over 86 percent of the Nile waters, Ethiopia bears the highest responsibility to protect the basin’s sustainability. It is therefore illogical to accuse the upstream source nation of deliberately undermining the very resource on which its own people depend. The Nile is a shared African river, not a colonial possession. Development along it should follow the principle of 21st century, based on mutual benefit as enshrined in international water law. Egypt and Ethiopia are Africa’s two most populous nations and among its five largest economies. Their future prosperity lies not in accusation and mistrust but in partnership. Ethiopia’s hydropower capacity can supply clean electricity to its neighbors and beyond — stabilizing grids, reducing carbon emissions, and cutting the heavy costs of fossil-fuel imports. Storing water in Ethiopia’s cool highlands reduces evaporation losses that plague Lake Nasser, saving billions of cubic meters annually. Egypt as a downstream country, benefits from water conservation at the GERD instead of wastage of billions of cubic meters of water to evaporation and in downstream flood. GERD is a mega continental energy project that would gear Africa’s economic integration in realizing its long term vision of power grid and prosperity of the continent. During the the inauguration of GERD, Prime Minister Abiy stressed that the dam is comparable to the victory of Adwa, heralding a new era of prosperity for Ethiopia. "We have heard history. We have seen history. We have learned history. But today, we were able to become the generation chosen by God to make history and stand upon it to speak," Abiy emphasized. The GERD, which has created a massive reservoir with a capacity of 74 billion cubic meters of water, has been named "Nigat Lake (Dawn Lake). “This lake has brought with it a wealth greater than Ethiopia's GDP. This generation has accomplished a great deed with the Renaissance Dam. The era of begging has ended, ” he underscored. Abiy described the GERD as “the biggest mega project in the history of the Black people” and extended invitation to visit what the nation has accomplished. “The Nile is a gift from God to all the peoples who live along its banks. We can only secure it if we care for it together,” Prime Minister Abiy reiterated. It is time to return to that spirit — the spirit of shared destiny and mutual respect. Only through cooperation can the Nile continue to nourish not just two nations, but an entire continent.

By Gezmu Edecha Addis Ababa, October 4, 2025 (ENA)—This morning multitudes of the Oromo people and their fellow Ethiopians converged at Hora Finfinnee with their hearts full of thanksgiving and their hands carrying fresh green grass that shimmered like hope against the azure waters of Hora Finfinnee. This year's Irreecha celebration carried something special – it unfolded in the Addis Ababa transformed beyond recognition. The traditional thanksgiving festival themed "Irreecha for National Renaissance" drew thousands who came not just to honor the tradition, but also to witness how their beloved capital has blossomed. One of the celebrants, Abebe Gofe, said "What makes this year's Irreecha festival special is the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and the various development projects across the country. The government has accomplished great work in collaboration with the public." "Irreecha festival, which the Oromo and other people are celebrating together, is one that everyone celebrates in unity; and the ceremony in Addis Ababa city with wide roads and shining streets makes it special. The city's development is very pleasing, and this must expand to other cities as well.’’ The festival, deeply rooted in Waaqeffannaa has always been about gratitude. But this year, gratitude took on new dimensions. As families dipped their green grass and flowers into the sacred waters, they carried prayers not just for personal blessings, but for a nation rising. The other celebrant, Abdi Mohammed, with his eyes reflecting both the ancient wisdom of his ancestors and the promise of tomorrow, said this year's Irreecha brings joy because Ethiopia has embarked on a comprehensive development journey. "Addis Ababa has become very beautiful and clean. The place where Hora Finfinnee is celebrated has been beautified by the corridor development project, adding splendor to the festival." The transformation wasn't lost on anyone. Where once narrow, difficult paths challenged pedestrians, wide boulevards and stunning walkways now welcome millions. The integration of lush greenery, public plazas, and vibrant streets created a canvas where ancient traditions could flourish with renewed dignity. For Boke Eyi, a celebrant the capital's new face had become more than just infrastructure. "The changes in Addis Ababa's appearance create great inspiration to carry out other development works," he noted. "Previously, the roads, especially for pedestrians, were not comfortable. Now it has become very attractive and comfortable for travel. The development works done in the city in these two years have changed the face of the city. It has become attractive not only for Ethiopians but also for foreign visitors." Abba Gada Gobena Hola said Irreecha, which all nations and nationalities eagerly awaited, was celebrated vibrantly at Hora Finfinnee. "All nations and nationalities eagerly await Irreecha, and it was celebrated magnificently at Hora Finfinnee," Gobena declared. "All Ethiopians celebrated it magnificently; and the festival maintained its cultural values and was celebrated with splendor." The festival's inclusive nature shone brightly as Ethiopians and even foreign visitors joined the celebration. Children laughed as they splashed in the sacred waters, elders shared stories under acacia trees, and young people danced to rhythms that have echoed across generations. The sight of diverse faces united in celebration painted a picture of the Ethiopia many dreams of – one where differences become strengths and unity emerges from diversity As the day progressed and the sun began its descent, the green grass floating on Hora Finfinnee's waters looked like prayers made visible. Each blade carried hopes for abundant harvests, peaceful coexistence, and continued progress. The waters that have witnessed countless Irreecha celebrations now reflected not just the ancient sky, but the gleaming facades of a modernizing capital. Tomorrow, the celebration continues in Bishoftu, where Hora Arsedi will bring together even more communities in thanksgiving. But today's celebration at Hora Finfinnee has already achieved something remarkable – it has shown how ancient wisdom and modern progress can dance together; how traditions can flourish in transformed spaces, and how a people's gratitude can encompass both the blessings of the past and the promises of the future. As the celebrants dispersed carrying blessed grass and hearts full of hope, they left behind waters that had witnessed not just another Irreecha, but a celebration that perfectly captured a nation in transition – honoring where it came from while embracing where it is headed. In this season of thanksgiving, Ethiopia itself has something to be grateful for.

By Girma Mirgisa September in Ethiopia is a month of cultural grandeur, a season when the land itself seems to renew, as the rains give way to sunshine, green landscapes, and blossoming flowers. It is a time when the nation celebrates both its heritage and hopes for the future. The month begins with Enkutatash, the Ethiopian New Year, a joyful occasion marked by family gatherings, traditional songs, and expressions of hope for a brighter year. Soon after comes Meskel, the solemn commemoration of the discovery of the True Cross, one of the most unifying festivals in Ethiopia’s religious calendar. Together, these celebrations reflect Ethiopia’s rich blend of cultural depth and spiritual devotion. Amid, these vibrant occasions, Irreecha, the Oromo people’s thanksgiving festival, shines with a distinctive brilliance. Unlike other festivals, Irreecha is a profound expression of gratitude to the Creator, harmony with nature, and reconciliation among people. It bridges the social, the ancestral and the contemporary, offering Ethiopia and the world a living example of peace, unity, and renewal.   Irreecha for Peace and Reconciliation Irreecha is more than a festival; it is a vital part of the Gadaa system. For centuries, it has served as a cultural compass a moment when communities gather to thank Waaqaa (God) for past blessings and to pray for peace, health, prosperity, and long life in the year ahead. It is not merely symbolic; it is transformative. Before attending the festival, participants reconcile with themselves and others, setting aside grudges, anger, or resentment. This cleansing of the spirit gives the festival its essence as the festival of peace and reconciliation, where forgiveness, unity, and brotherhood take center stage. The festival begins at sunrise, as the first rays touch the gathering grounds. ‘Abba Gadaas’, custodians of the Gadaa system and symbols of Oromo wisdom, lead prayers of thanksgiving and hope. Standing beside them, the ‘Haadha Sinqees’, women entrusted with upholding justice and moral order, lift their symbolic Sinqee sticks, representing balance, protection, and the indispensable role of women in preserving peace. Participants dip fresh grass and flowers into the waters of lakes or rivers, lifting them toward the heavens, a gesture that signifies the interconnectedness of humanity, nature, and the Creator. As chants of “Hoo yaa mare woo, mare woo, mare woo” rise, millions of voices merge into one, creating a powerful sound of unity. Clad in white traditional attire, symbolizing purity, peace, and renewal, the gathering becomes a sea of harmony where differences of religion, ethnicity, or background dissolve.   In this moment, Irreecha becomes a living sanctuary of reconciliation, a declaration of shared humanity, a reminder that peace is possible when forgiveness is embraced and unity is chosen over division. Cultural Splendor and Social Harmony Irreecha is not only a festival of thanksgiving but also a grand cultural showcase, radiating joy, pride, and unity. Cities like Addis Ababa and Bishoftu transform into vibrant stages of celebration, alive with traditional Oromo music, dances and colorful attire. For families, Irreecha is a cherished time of reunion, as relatives travel from near and far to gather, share meals, and strengthen bonds. Old friendships are renewed, new connections are formed, and entire communities rejoice together. The festival also serves as a living classroom of Oromo heritage, where ancestral wisdom is passed down to younger generations, and global visitors have the opportunity to engage with and learn from these rich traditions. Every element of the celebration carries meaning: white garments symbolize purity and renewal, songs and dances reflect history, resilience, and joy, and the sharing of food embodies generosity and hospitality, core values of Oromo culture. Together, these elements weave Irreecha into an event that is both spiritually profound and socially vibrant, uniting body, spirit, and community. Today, Irreecha has grown to welcome participation from nations and nationalities across Ethiopia, turning it into a truly inclusive national celebration.   While deeply rooted in Oromo tradition, Irreecha has blossomed into a national celebration embraced by all nations and nationalities across Ethiopia. Its universal themes of gratitude, peace, unity, and renewal reflect the country’s collective aspirations. The 2025 theme, “Irreecha: For National Renewal,” embodies this spirit, reminding Ethiopians that sustainable progress must be grounded in cultural harmony and shared values. This year’s festival coincides with the inauguration of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a historic milestone in Ethiopia’s pursuit of development and self-reliance. The convergence of Irreecha’s spirit of renewal with GERD’s structural triumph embodies the nation’s resilience, ambition, and unity a testament to Ethiopia’s ability to honor its heritage while confidently shaping its future.   As Ethiopia strengthens its place as a cultural tourism hub, Irreecha is attracting growing international attention. Visitors from across the globe come to witness its authenticity, the beauty of its traditions, and the collective joy of its people. Alongside iconic treasures such as Timket, Lalibela’s rock-hewn churches, and the Simien Mountains, Irreecha showcases Ethiopia’s unique blend of cultural richness and natural wonder, offering the world an inspiring vision of harmony, heritage, and hope.   To ensure Irreecha continues to thrive as a festival of cultural, spiritual, and social significance, communities should preserve its essence through reconciliation, forgiveness, and gratitude, while also encouraging youth participation to pass on Oromo heritage. Media and cultural institutions must play their part by providing accurate and respectful coverage, highlighting the festival’s spiritual and cultural dimensions, and safeguarding indigenous traditions from misrepresentation. By working together, all stakeholders can help Irreecha remain a vibrant celebration of heritage, unity, and national pride, while advancing efforts to inscribe this grand festival on UNESCO’s heritage list and share it with the world. This year, Irreecha celebrated on the 4th and 5th of October in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu respectively.

By Henok Tadele HAILE Addis Ababa, October 3, 2025 (ENA) -- I read Jane Flanagan’s article on The Times, “Addis Ababa takes a bulldozer to its past in bid to be ‘Dubai of Africa,’” and my heart clenched. It was written as though Ethiopia’s dream of building a modern capital is a crime. As though Africans are destined to remain trapped in dust and decay so that some Western eyes can keep their favorite picture of us- poor, shabby, nostalgic, pitiable. But Africa is rising, and we will not apologize! Our Heritage Is Not Pétanque The article begins with the image of elderly men playing pétanque, a French game brought here by railway workers. It is a quaint picture. Some Western writers lament the possible loss of pétanque — a French pastime brought by colonial-era engineers, now played by only a handful of elderly railway workers, out of 130 million Ethiopians who are in need of modern facilities. Ethiopians do not measure heritage in borrowed games. But should our entire story be reduced to this borrowed pastime? No! Ethiopia’s heritage is not measured in boules on a dusty railway yard. Mr. Jane Flanagan, no bulldozer has touched our heritage. On the contrary, Ethiopia has been restoring it with care. Ethiopian Heritage Authority's Director General Abebaw Ayalew is one of the respected historians, entrusted with safeguarding heritage before any new project begins. In Ethiopia’s corridor development project, old palaces have been refurbished, churches preserved, mosques protected. Meskel Square, the long beating heart of Addis Ababa, was modernized without erasing its history. The story is not one of eliminating, but of rebirth. Cleaning Our Rivers, Greening River Banks   I grew up knowing what Addis Ababa rivers were like: black and poisoned streams. Factories used to dispose their waste into them, and sewage poured from homes. Children were cautioned against going near the rivers. Today, those same riversides have been cleaned. Families walk on shaded paths, children ride bicycles, couples sit watching waters once so dreaded for their pollution. This is not “prestige for some elite” — it is life restored. When London tried to clean the Thames river, it was called progress. When Paris healed the Seine river for the Olympic, it was praised. Why then is Addis Ababa’s renovation work deliberately skewed? Why are Africans not allowed the dignity of clean, neat environment and green parks? The myth of False Claim The Times repeats a false claim that 4,000 families were displaced for the Meskel Square project. It is simply not true. It was only refurbished--the area was not a residential site; it did not need families to be relocated. Because nobody lives at the popular square, Mr Flanagan, do you have to defile and smear it for nothing? But that place is really improved with modern parking, underground shops and terminals. But in other places in Addis, what is true is that many Ethiopians lived for decades in slums without clean water, without playgrounds, without safety. Poverty is not picturesque. It is not heritage. It is an indignity. The communities deserve housing facilities and they were accordingly resettled.   To replace collapsing shacks with safe housing, with wide sidewalks, with free sports fields and public squares — that is not cruelty. It is justice. When neighborhoods in London were recently gentrified places such as for the Olympic park, and Paris recently gentrified neighborhoods, driven by projects like the Grand Paris Express, it is called progress and modernity. Why must Africa alone be condemned for modernizing? Built With Own Hands Here is what the article does not say: Addis Ababa’s transformation or cities' renovation in the entire nation was not imposed by outsiders. It was built mostly with Ethiopian hands, Ethiopian brains, and Ethiopian budgets. Young people earned jobs, women found livelihoods, and engineers proved their skills. For once, it was not dictated by donors. Perhaps that is what unsettled some - that Africa is proving it can build without begging, that Addis Ababa’s skyline is not a gift from outside but the work of its own people. A Pan-African Capital Addis Ababa is not just Ethiopia’s capital. It is the seat of the African Union, the city where Pan-Africanism resonates. When Nigerians, Ghanaians, Kenyans, or South Africans, generally Africans arrive, they are not guests — they are coming to their continental capital. They deserve to see a city that reflects pride; that can stand shoulder to shoulder with the world, without shame. To suggest Addis must stay shabby to remain “authentic” is to say Africans do not deserve beauty and progress. That our children must forever grow up in broken streets, while others enjoy glittering cities. This is an insult and must be bulldozed. Beyond the Skyline, the Human Story Addis Ababa is changing. The glass towers rise, the roads widen, the skyline glitters brighter each year. Visitors marvel at the transformation, comparing it to Dubai, Beijing, or even Paris. But for us Africans, the story of Addis cannot be told only through skyscrapers or state prestige. It is a city of flesh and blood, of mothers, fathers, workers, dreamers — a place where every stone carries memory and every street hums with resilience. So, what Africans and African Americans alike should feel proud of — Addis Ababa is rewriting its own future. One shining example is the Addis Ababa River and Corridor Development Project, known as the Sheger Beautifying Project, launched in 2019. The beauty, green spaces, walking sides, and service standards of Addis Ababa have increased by leaps and bounds.   The rivers of Addis once ran as open sewers, polluted and forgotten. Today, through the project, they are being cleaned and reborn. Riverbeds are being dredged, waste channels redirected, water treated. Along the river banks rise new parks, gardens, and tree-lined corridors that breathe life back into the city. Friendship Park, built on reclaimed land, has become a gathering place for important events, families, couples, elders, and youth — a place where nature, community, and dignity meet. But the project is not only about beauty, it is about survival and opportunity. The green spaces absorb floods that once devastated neighborhoods. The shaded walkways cool the air in a city growing hotter each year. New playgrounds, sports fields, and public toilets bring dignity to areas long neglected. Bicycle paths and pedestrian lanes ease the burden of traffic and give people healthier, safer ways to move through the city. Most importantly, the project has created massive job opportunities. Thousands of youth have been employed in river cleaning, construction, landscaping, and maintenance. Local small businesses — from cafes to bike rentals are bringing modern life to the city. Tourism is expected to grow, bringing income not just to investors, but to ordinary street vendors, artisans, and workers who are the backbone of Addis. For young Africans looking for hope in their own soil, this is proof that development can mean jobs, not just buildings. What matters is that Addis Ababa is not being remade in the image of others, but in its own. It is a city of renovation, experimenting, always moving forward. Addis is more than a capital. It is the beating heart of Africa — headquarters of the African Union, the meeting place of our leaders, the seat of our shared future. When its rivers are cleaned, when its skyline rises, when its public spaces welcome the ordinary African to sit with dignity — it sends a message: we are capable, we are resilient, we are writing our own story. Let them see the Sheger Beautifying Project not as an imitation of foreign models, but as an African renaissance rooted in the soil of Addis. The city is not losing its soul — it is expanding it. And for Black people everywhere — in Africa, in the Americas, in the Caribbean — Addis Ababa should stand as a reminder- our heritage is alive, our future is ours to build, and our story will never again be told for us by others. Africa Will Rise Ethiopia is no longer the hungry poster child of the 1980s. It is a member of BRICS nations, Africa’s fifth-largest economy, a producer of energy, fertilizer, and ambition. The Grand Renaissance Dam lights our homes, our farmers feed our nation, and our cities must match this future. Addis Ababa is not mimicking to be another city. It is trying to be Addis — modern, proud, rooted in its own soil. We are building, not to copy others but to honor ourselves. So let the world understand- we are not bulldozing our past. We are transforming for the better; building upon it a future where our children deserve. We will not apologize for wanting playgrounds instead of slums, clean rivers instead of open sewers, restored palaces instead of ruins. Africa is not rising against anyone. We are rising for ourselves, for our dignity, for our children, for our history. And rise we shall.

By Mahder Nesibu Addis Ababa, September 28, 2025 (ENA) -- The Second African Climate Summit, held in Addis Ababa from 8–10 September 2025, marked a defining moment in Africa’s approach to climate change. Traditionally framed as a region vulnerable to global emissions yet lacking bargaining leverage, Africa has increasingly asserted itself as a source of practical solutions, innovative finance, and policy leadership. The summit, convened under the theme “Accelerating Global Climate Solutions: Financing for Africa’s Resilient and Green Development,” sought to reposition the continent from a passive recipient of climate commitments to a proactive architect of its climate future. By producing the Addis Ababa Declaration on Climate Change and Call to Action, launching the Africa Climate Innovation Compact (ACIC) and the African Climate Facility (ACF), initiated by Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, ACS2 combined political unity, operational ambition, and strategic financing to chart a pathway for Africa’s influence in global climate forums, particularly the upcoming COP30 in Belém, Brazil. At its core, the summit reflected recognition that Africa’s climate challenges cannot be addressed piecemeal. Fragmented national positions and uneven institutional capacities had long weakened the continent’s negotiating influence and limited its access to both public and private finance. ACS2 addressed this through a combination of political consensus and operational instruments. The Addis Ababa Declaration, unanimously endorsed by participating Heads of State and Government, crystallized continental priorities: adaptation and resilience as financing imperatives, renewable energy expansion and green industrialization as growth engines, and a commitment to Africa-led mechanisms for project delivery and finance mobilization. By translating strategic goals into a shared document, the summit established both a narrative and a framework for collective action, strengthening Africa’s bargaining position on the global stage. The Africa Climate Innovation Compact represents the summit’s operational linchpin. Designed to identify, incubate, and scale climate solutions developed on the continent, ACIC sets an ambitious target of delivering 1,000 bankable solutions by 2030, spanning energy, agriculture, water, transport, and urban resilience. Complementing this, the African Climate Facility functions as a financing instrument intended to mobilize approximately US$50 billion per year in catalytic capital, blending public, private, and multilateral resources to bridge the persistent gap between pilot initiatives and scalable projects. Together, these mechanisms constitute a “pipeline-plus-capital” model, which directly addresses the historical challenge of Africa possessing innovative solutions yet lacking the financial infrastructure to deploy them at scale. By linking solution identification with robust financing, ACIC and ACF embody a credible, results-oriented approach that transforms political commitments into actionable projects.   The significance of these instruments extends beyond their immediate financial or technological scope. They demonstrate Africa’s ability to self-organize at continental scale, coordinating innovation ecosystems, diaspora engagement, and regional financiers to generate tangible climate outcomes. ACIC emphasizes local ownership, drawing upon universities, research centres, and indigenous knowledge systems, ensuring that interventions are contextually appropriate, socially inclusive, and operationally sustainable. Similarly, the ACF’s catalytic design signals to global investors that African projects are structured for impact, with mechanisms for risk mitigation, blended finance, and transparent governance. This combination strengthens Africa’s credibility in international negotiations, transforming the continent from a perceived climate recipient into a credible climate partner. The summit also produced a series of financing breakthroughs that enhance Africa’s capacity to act independently. A cooperation framework among African development finance institutions and commercial banks, collectively targeting US$100 billion in mobilization, illustrates the continent’s readiness to deploy capital for green industrialization and renewable infrastructure. Additional commitments, including partnership arrangements led by the European Investment Bank to unlock up to €100 billion in investment by 2027, and bilateral pledges from Denmark and Italy, reinforce the signal that Africa can coordinate domestic and international finance to operationalize climate priorities. These flows, while supplementary, provide the critical early-stage funding needed to establish proof-of-concept projects and catalyse private investment. Beyond financing, ACS2 underscored the importance of programmatic coherence. The summit endorsed the second phase of the Africa Adaptation Acceleration Program (AAAP 2.0), aiming to mobilize US$50 billion by 2030 to climate-proof food systems, infrastructure, and urban areas. Simultaneously, sectoral initiatives such as Mission 300, targeting energy access for 300 million people by 2030, and regional clean cooking programs, demonstrate Africa’s ability to design interventions with measurable social, economic, and environmental co-benefits. By aligning these programs with ACIC and ACF, the summit creates a pipeline of bankable, high-impact projects that both domestic governments and international partners can support.   Ethiopia, as host, highlighted the role of national leadership in demonstrating ambition and feasibility. The country showcased large-scale climate and infrastructure interventions, including ongoing tree-planting campaigns under its Green Legacy initiative and the political and operational milestones surrounding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia’s simultaneous announcement of its bid to host COP32 in 2027 signals a broader strategic intent: Africa is not merely a venue for discussion but an architect of the global climate agenda. By integrating domestic action, diplomatic engagement, and continental facilitation, Ethiopia exemplifies the potential for African states to merge national achievement with collective leadership. The broader significance of ACS2 lies in its contribution to a unified African voice at COP30 and subsequent climate forums. Historically, fragmented positions and varying national capacities limited the continent’s influence, particularly in negotiations over adaptation finance, debt sustainability, and energy transition. By consolidating priorities into the Addis Ababa Declaration, linking them to operational mechanisms, and signalling robust finance mobilization, Africa now presents a coherent package: a set of pragmatic asks underpinned by delivery mechanisms. This clarity strengthens both political leverage and credibility, while aligning continental demands with global financing targets, such as the UNFCCC’s “Baku to Belém Roadmap” for scaling climate finance to US$1.3 trillion annually by 2035. At the same time, ACS2 demonstrates the strategic role of diaspora engagement and innovation ecosystems in extending Africa’s climate reach. ACIC’s design explicitly incorporates partnerships with universities, SMEs, and research institutions, while leveraging diaspora networks to amplify solutions internationally. These linkages create both technical capacity and narrative influence: Africa is not only a recipient of climate finance but a generator of scalable, bankable, and replicable solutions. By creating platforms for knowledge transfer and investment mobilization, ACS2 embodies a model in which innovation, finance, and political unity converge to strengthen continental agency.   Nevertheless, the summit also highlighted the challenges inherent in ambition. Operationalizing ACIC and ACF requires the rapid establishment of governance structures, capital mobilization, and monitoring mechanisms. Delivering US$50 billion annually, alongside 1,000 bankable solutions by 2030, remains aspirational, dependent on domestic policy alignment, regulatory reform, and sustained international cooperation. Ensuring that adaptation finance remains largely grant-based and non-debt-creating is essential to prevent exacerbating sovereign vulnerabilities, while investor confidence will hinge upon regulatory clarity, transparent reporting, and predictable policy frameworks. These risks, however, are mitigated by the deliberate integration of political consensus, operational instruments, and finance mobilization evident at ACS2. Comparative reflection on these outcomes illustrates several lessons. ACS2 demonstrates that political unity, operational design, and finance mobilization are mutually reinforcing. The Addis Ababa Declaration consolidates Africa’s priorities and narrative, ACIC and ACF translate ambition into implementable projects, and continental finance frameworks signal capability and readiness to both domestic and international partners. Just as Africa’s cultural and creative industries have leveraged diaspora networks, technological ecosystems, and state support to project influence, ACS2 demonstrates that climate leadership can similarly be structured, scalable, and credible. Finally, the summit emphasizes the strategic and symbolic dimension of African climate leadership. By projecting a unified voice, operational capacity, and financing ambition, ACS2 positions the continent not only as a claimant to climate resources but as a credible partner capable of delivering tangible outcomes. This reframing is critical: Africa moves from a narrative of vulnerability to one of agency, from a perceived recipient to a source of deployable solutions. If the operational frameworks and financing mechanisms established at Addis Ababa are implemented effectively, ACS2 may mark a turning point—where Africa’s climate ambitions are no longer aspirational rhetoric but tangible, measurable, and globally recognized. The Summit exemplifies the intersection of political cohesion, operational innovation, and strategic financing as instruments of continental agency. Through the Addis Ababa Declaration, the Africa Climate Innovation Compact, and the African Climate Facility, Africa has crafted a framework capable of shaping its climate trajectory while strengthening its negotiating position internationally. By linking ambition to implementable projects, mobilizing domestic and international capital, and fostering continental unity, ACS2 offers a blueprint for Africa to transform climate vulnerability into opportunity, influence, and leadership on the global stage.

By Samiya Mohammed Addis Ababa, September 28, 2025 (ENA) -- The recent Second Africa-CARICOM Summit in Addis Ababa marked a historic turning point in transcontinental relations, potentially reshaping how Global South nations collaborate on issues of justice, development, and collective sovereignty. Convened under the powerful theme Transcontinental Partnership in Pursuit of Reparatory Justice for Africans and People of African Descent through Reparations, the summit represented more than a diplomatic ceremony; it signified a fundamental reimagining of Africa-Caribbean relations beyond colonial constructs toward a future built on mutual interests and shared historical experiences. The gathering built upon the foundation laid by the first summit held in 2021, but with heightened urgency and more concrete mechanisms for collaboration. As articulated by Angolan President João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, who currently chairs the African Union, the summit aimed to "transform past injustices into solidarity, cooperation, and justice". This sentiment echoed throughout the proceedings, reflecting both regions' determination to leverage their collective strength in addressing the enduring legacies of slavery, colonialism, and ongoing structural inequalities in the global system. The Africa-CARICOM relationship is steeped in history, connected by the forced migration of millions of Africans during the transatlantic slave trade that created the Caribbean's demographic landscape. Despite this connection, post-colonial relationships between the regions have often been mediated through former colonial powers and limited by geographical distance. The institutionalization of Africa-CARICOM summits represents a conscious effort to overcome these constraints and establish direct South-South partnerships based on shared aspirations rather than colonial inheritance. The choice of Addis Ababa as host city carries symbolic weight, positioning the African Union headquarters as the center of this renewed partnership. Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali emphasized the deliberateness of this partnership, noting that "Africa and the Caribbean bring complementary strengths, and together these are multiplied". His reference to Ethiopia's philosophy of "Medemer," meaning "coming together," aptly captured the summit's spirit, a belief in progress through connection, culture, innovation, knowledge, and collective effort rather than through isolation or dependency. The summit's focus on reparatory justice represented a maturation of both regions' longstanding but previously parallel efforts toward addressing historical wrongs. The CARICOM Reparations Commission, established in 2013, has pioneered a comprehensive approach through its Ten-Point Plan for Reparatory Justice, which has inspired similar movements globally, including the National African American Reparations Commission in the United States. Similarly, the African Union's designation of 2025's flagship theme as "Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations" signalled the continent's institutional commitment to this agenda. Dr. Carla Barnett, Secretary-General of CARICOM, powerfully framed the summit as a "homecoming for the Caribbean, reconnecting people separated by ocean, colonialism, and economic systems, but united through shared heritage". This emotional resonance underpinned the political urgency of the reparations agenda, transforming historical trauma into a catalyst for contemporary solidarity. Prime Minister of St. Kitts and Nevis, Terrance Drew, incoming President of CARICOM, articulated the moral imperative behind the reparations movement: "Repentance alone is no longer sufficient; demands for reparations are legitimate in addressing structural inequalities". His statement scored the summit's rejection of symbolic gestures in favor of substantive restitution that addresses the multidimensional impacts of colonialism and slavery. Beyond the moral and historical dimensions, the summit demonstrated practical commitment to building institutional architecture that sustains cooperation beyond symbolic gatherings. The adoption of a Joint Communiqué articulating shared development priorities and global policy positions created a roadmap for collaboration. The establishment of an African Caribbean Joint Mechanism on Reparative Justice, based on resolutions from the Global African Diaspora Summit held in South Africa in 2012, provided an institutional vehicle for maintaining momentum. The presence of leaders from multilateral financial institutions, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and African and Caribbean Development Banks, signalled recognition that financial architecture reform must be part of any meaningful reparations discussion. Mr. Parfait Onanga-Anyanga, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General to the African Union, highlighted the compounded injustices facing both regions: "the impact of colonialism and the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and the fact that we were under colonial domination when today's multilateral system was created". This analysis reframed the reparations debate beyond compensation for historical wrongs to include the transformation of global systems that perpetuate inequality. The health sector collaboration exemplified through the Health Development Partnership for Africa and the Caribbean demonstrated how functional cooperation could yield immediate benefits for both regions. Similarly, trade initiatives like the Afrexim Bank office in the Caribbean and the Afro-Caribbean Trade and Investment Forum created tangible economic pathways that reduce dependency on former colonial powers The Second Africa-CARICOM Summit represents a paradigm shift in South-South cooperation, moving beyond traditional economic development frameworks to embrace a comprehensive approach that addresses historical justice, cultural reconnection, and global structural reform. By centering reparations within their partnership, both regions have positioned moral justice as the foundation for future collaboration rather than treating it as a separate issue. The summit's emphasis on unity of purpose between Africa and the Caribbean creates unprecedented potential for advancing shared interests in an increasingly multipolar world. As Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed noted, despite adversity, "both regions now choose to face challenges together, defining their own solutions and future". This assertion of agency and self-determination represents the most significant outcome of the gathering, the declaration that two regions with deeply intertwined histories are now writing their next chapter together rather than through intermediaries. As the implementation phase begins, the world will watch whether this ambitious partnership can transform historical grievances into a future of shared prosperity and dignity. The journey from Addis Ababa will undoubtedly face challenges, but the summit has undoubtedly created a foundation for transformation that could redefine transcontinental relations for generations to come.

By Molla Mitiku On September 14, 2025, a monumental celebration in the heart of Addis Ababa marked the conclusion of a journey spanning more than a decade, the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). At Meskel Square, a vast sea of people, united by pride, sacrifice, and collective determination, celebrated the fulfillment of a national dream. More than a rally, the event was a statement of sovereignty and self-reliance. Citizens honored their shared sacrifices, which had transformed a formidable challenge into a symbol of Ethiopia’s rebirth. Ethiopians believe that the GERD is much more than an engineering triumph; rather, it represents a new philosophy of African development, one that rejects dependency and insists on self-reliance. Unlike traditional projects that often leave African nations burdened by debt and beholden to external influence, Ethiopia looked out of the box and chose a different path, financing it entirely with domestic resources, a bold decision that challenged the conventional wisdom of development financing on the continent. When international financial institutions refused to support the project, Ethiopia stood boldly in taking on the challenge alone. All ordinary citizens stepped forward, contributing through bond purchases and contributions. The result was an unprecedented sense of ownership. For millions of Ethiopians, the GERD ceased to be just an infrastructure project; it became a living testament to their collective will and a rejection of the idea that progress must hinge on foreign approval. At Meskel Square, that spirit was palpable. Elders, teachers, students, and civil servants filled the plaza, their chants echoing: “The Abay River said ‘Yes’ to its motherland!” and “GERD is our destiny!” These cries captured the essence of a triumph built on shared sacrifice. The dam now stands not merely as a physical structure but as an enduring monument to the resilience of the Ethiopian people. For more than a decade, the GERD has been more than a titanic infrastructure undertaking. It has been a clarion call to unity, an inspiration of resolve, and a bold affirmation of Ethiopia’s sovereign right to shape its own future. Addressing the jubilant crowd, Addis Ababa Mayor Adanech Abiebie described the dam as “not only an engineering masterpiece but also a pillar of national unity and a lasting symbol of Ethiopia’s resolve.” The story of the GERD is unique on the African continent. Unlike most mega-projects, it was not financed by international donors or development banks. Instead, it was carried by ordinary Ethiopians, farmers, teachers, day laborers, school children, and diaspora communities, who together shouldered the financial burden. The billions of dollars raised domestically turned the GERD into a truly national project, built by the people, for the people. That sense of ownership was clear in the voices of those who attended the rally. Tizita Shiferaw, who bought bonds to support construction, pledged to continue contributing to future national projects, urging Ethiopian youth to draw inspiration from GERD’s example of hard work and perseverance. Likewise, Elisabeth Tessema stressed the collective spirit of the initiative, affirming that citizens stand ready to rally behind other transformative endeavors. The road to this moment was far from easy. Ethiopia faced sustained pressure, blocked loans, and threats of sanctions, driven largely by opposition from downstream countries. Yet, instead of capitulating, Ethiopia looked inward. By trusting its own people rather than external benefactors, the nation redrew the rulebook for African development and proved that determination could overcome even the steepest obstacles. Therefore, the GERD’s completion is more than a national milestone; it is a continental lesson. Ethiopia has shown that when a nation unites behind a common vision, it can chart its own destiny, free from dependency and external dictates. As a result, the dam secures the country’s energy future. It also brought to Africa a deeper legacy that lies in the development model it has inspired, a blueprint rooted in unity, resilience, and self-reliance. In the words of a popular saying echoed that goes like “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Ethiopia not only built a dam; it built a vision of African progress that begins at home, fueled by the strength of its own people.

By Awad Abdusebur Addis Ababa, September 14, 2025 (ENA) -- When you think of the Blue Nile, which is also known as the Abbay River, picture it as the lifeblood of Ethiopia's highlands. This mighty waterway is one of the most important rivers in all of Africa. The Nile itself, which the Blue Nile feeds into, is a massive river system that flows from both the Ethiopian highlands and the Nile Equatorial Lake region. The Nile's drainage basin is truly enormous, covering an incredible 3.18 million square kilometers. That's about 10% of Africa's entire landmass. The basin is a shared resource for 11 countries: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Together, these countries are home to over 556 million people—that's about 42% of Africa's total population. For centuries, the river's waters have sustained civilizations, but the historical context of its management, particularly the legacy of colonial agreements, continues to shape the present-day water security challenges. The colonial era significantly impacted the Nile River's management, leaving a legacy that continues to influence water resource governance in the region. The 1929 and 1959 agreements, primarily between Egypt and Sudan, and brokered by the British, were crafted with the interests of the colonial powers in mind. These agreements allocated a disproportionate share of the Nile's water to Egypt and Sudan, effectively marginalizing the needs and aspirations of upstream riparian countries notably Ethiopia. These agreements established Egypt's right to a significant portion of the Nile's water flow, essentially granting it veto power over any upstream water development projects. This unilateral approach to water management, rooted in the colonial context, created a significant power imbalance. While acknowledging the historical context is crucial, the fundamental principle of equitable sharing of a shared resource, particularly for the upstream countries that bear the brunt of the river's flow, remains a significant issue. Ethiopia as a major source of this river has been strived to bring equitable utilization of the Nile water. A Paradigm Shift in Water Resource Management Ethiopia's claim to the Nile is rooted in its long history of utilizing the river for its development and sustenance. For centuries, Ethiopian communities have not been able to utilize their resources due to the unjust colonial era contested agreements. This historical precedent forms a crucial part of Ethiopia's argument for its right to develop its water resources. These agreements often fail to adequately address the needs of upstream countries like Ethiopia, who argue that their developmental needs must be balanced with the downstream countries' interests. Ethiopia's argument rests on the principle of equitable utilization of shared water resources. It asserts that its development needs, including poverty alleviation and economic growth, are as important as the needs of downstream countries. This principle, enshrined in international water law, contends that the use of shared water resources should not harm other riparian states. Ethiopia emphasizes its right to develop its own resources without creating harm to downstream users. Ethiopia's growing economy, coupled with its ambitious development agenda, has positioned it as a key player in the Nile Basin. While the other riparian nations have also been contemplating about the issue of equitable use of shared water resources, Ethiopia persists in highlighting the necessity for a just resolution that takes into account the interests of all parties involved in the Nile basin, focusing on cooperation and mutual understanding to achieve this position. This collective viewpoint led to the establishment of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). Birth of the Nile Basin Initiative The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is a partnership of ten member countries that was formed on February 22, 1999. Its purpose is to create a transitional regional framework for collaborative efforts aimed at achieving a Shared Vision Objective: to promote sustainable socioeconomic development through the fair use and benefits derived from the shared water resources of the Nile Basin. The NBI was designed as a temporary cooperative structure to encourage collaboration until a permanent legal and institutional system for the management and development of the Nile's water resources is established. The member nations of the NBI include Burundi, the D.R. Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Additionally, Eritrea participates as an Observer in the NBI. The initiative recognized the interconnectedness of the Nile's resources and the importance of a unified approach to their management. Central to the NBI's success was the inclusion of all riparian states, recognizing the need for equitable participation and representation. Agreement on the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Driven by Nile countries themselves, the establishment of the Initiative marked the first time a truly comprehensive mechanism of cooperation had been agreed among riparian countries. The NBI was launched as a ‘transitional’ arrangement up until a final Framework for Cooperation is put in place’, i.e. the Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) that would provide a permanent legal and institutional basis for Nile cooperation. CFA is a treaty aimed at fostering collaboration and fair distribution of the Nile River's water resources among all the countries bordering the river, as outlined by the Nile Basin Initiative. It outlines principles, rights and obligations for cooperative management and development of the Nile Basin water resources. Its goal is to create a structure for comprehensive management, sustainable development, and balanced use of the Nile Basin's water resources, while also highlighting the importance of their conservation and protection. Countries began the process of preparing the text of the CFA in 1997. After ten years of discussions, consensus was achieved on all clauses. A total of six instruments of ratification or accession are required for the CFA to come into effect, and these have been obtained. From 2013 to 2023, five nations (Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) ratified the CFA and submitted their instruments. After almost 15 years, CFA came into force on October 13, 2024 following South Sudan's ratification on July 8, 2024. The ratification of CFA among the countries in the basin brings a multitude of advantages, primarily centered on fair water distribution, sustainable growth, and regional collaboration. These advantages encompass a legal structure for managing water resources, a forum for dialogue and resolving disputes, as well as prospects for economic and investment expansion within the basin. Entering into force of the CFA is a milestone for the Nile Basin countries towards mutual cooperation by establishing a commission to expedite the development of the resources across the region. Nile River Basin Commission The Nile River Basin Commission (NRBC) is a permanent institutional mechanism that will be established by the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) to promote the management and development of the Nile River Basin. The NRBC aims to foster cooperation among the ten Nile Basin countries, ensuring equitable distribution of water resources and addressing challenges like population growth and climate change. The CFA will take effect 60 days after the sixth instrument of ratification or accession is deposited with the African Union Commission, which will trigger the activation of the Nile River Basin Commission. It is the duty of the Nile Council of Water Ministers to establish all necessary organs and procedures for the Nile River Basin Commission as outlined in the CFA. Harnessing Hydropower: Opportunities for Energy Security and Economic Growth While Ethiopia is advocating for fairness in the distribution of shared resources, it is simultaneously carried out the development of its significant historical project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), along the Nile River. The GERD project has now been successfully completed, sending an important message to other African nations. Its unique nature lies in the fact that it was constructed using local resources and by engaging the general public. Without the support of the Ethiopian people and government, this vital infrastructure would not have come to fruition, as external funding was lacking. Ethiopia financed the construction of GERD independently, challenging the injustices perpetuated by international financial institutions that seek to uphold a colonial legacy concerning the river. This is key lesson for the rest of Africans who are suffering from the bottlenecks of financial institutions that hamper their development efforts. GERD is not only Ethiopia’s project. It is a Pan African project to support the realization of an integrated continent that is prosperous and power house of the world. The GERD project has significant economic implications for the entire region. Ethiopia's ability to generate and export hydroelectric power could stimulate economic growth and development, potentially impacting regional trade and investment. The GERD's potential to contribute to regional energy security is undeniable. Ethiopia's surplus electricity generation could be shared with neighboring countries, potentially providing a new source of power for the region. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam represents a significant undertaking with the potential to reshape the economic landscape of the region. While the project holds immense promise for Ethiopia's development, its successful implementation hinges on effective regional cooperation, equitable water resource management, and a commitment to addressing the concerns of downstream countries. Need for Paradigm Shift Things have changed dramatically. Ethiopia has completed the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) using its own resources, but this dam isn't just for Ethiopia. It's a significant tool for development across the entire region. The energy generated from the GERD will be a major driver of growth for the whole region. Beyond providing power, the dam also offers benefits for downstream countries by preventing silt buildup and reducing water waste without impacting the flow of water. Hence, perpetuating the colonial-era agreements on the Nile River is no longer a viable or just path forward. These old pacts were created by colonial powers and gave an unfair advantage to downstream countries like Egypt and Sudan, completely ignoring the needs of upstream nations, especially Ethiopia. This outdated way of thinking creates a "winner-takes-all" mindset that only fuels tension and makes it impossible to manage this shared resource in a fair, sustainable way. By holding on to these old agreements, Egypt and Sudan are not only isolating themselves but also threatening the stability of the entire Nile Basin. Instead of clinging to a flawed legacy, Egypt and Sudan should come to the table and negotiate with other nations in good faith. We need a new approach based on the principles of equitable utilization and the right to shared resources. This is the only way to ensure the long-term security and prosperity of everyone in the basin. A cooperative strategy would open the door for projects that benefit everyone, like shared infrastructure and better water management. Ultimately, working together is the only way to turn the Nile from a source of conflict into a force for regional cooperation and sustainable development. It's time to finally put an end to the colonial-era rules that have dominated the Nile River dispute for far too long. Let me conclude with the call made by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed during the inauguration of GERD last Tuesday: “To our brothers in the downstream nations, to our brothers in Nubia, and our brothers in the land of Misir, Ethiopia constructed the Renaissance Dam to foster prosperity, illuminate the region, and transform the history of the Black people—not to inflict harm upon its brothers. To our brothers who have reservations, I wish to reiterate today, before the Ethiopian people, that Ethiopia will always uphold your rights. The hunger of Egypt, the hunger of Sudan, and the hunger and problems of our other brothers are also our hunger. Apart from eating and sharing together, we have no desire to benefit ourselves by harming anyone else. The past is in the past. I urge you, with a sense of trust, to stand with us in collaboration on the great works we will undertake in the future.”

By Bilen Bekele Under the bright sun of East Africa, where the historic Nile flows, Ethiopia is emerging with pride and determination. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), located on the Blue Nile, represents more than just its physical structure; it embodies our collective spirit, the essence of our sacrifices, and our national pride. For many years, Ethiopia witnessed the Nile's waters flowing away without benefiting its own citizens. Despite contributing over 85% of the Nile’s water, we remained quiet observers in history. Now, with GERD, we assert ourselves not through anger, but through justice and confidence. We have found our voice, resonating through the valleys of Benishangul-Gumuz with the sound of turbines and the promise of progress. This dam signifies a renaissance—a revival of our historical strength and a message to the world that Ethiopia is ready to shape its future independently. Recently, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed addressed the House of People’s Representatives, highlighted that GERD is not solely for Ethiopians; it is a project founded on regional cooperation and a vision for a shared African future. He emphasized, “GERD will serve as a source of energy not only for Ethiopia but also for neighboring countries and beyond.” This reflects a new image of Ethiopia—not just as the Nile’s source, but as a provider of power, peace, and partnership. Ethiopians from all walks of life have contributed to GERD, not just financially, but also through their spirit. It has been funded by the dedication of patriots, school children donating their lunch money, farmers sharing their harvests, and artists contributing their talents. What other nation can claim such unity in the face of challenges? Ethiopia has faced threats and pressure from those who resist an independent Africa. Yet, we have remained steadfast and resolute. GERD poses no threat to anyone; rather, it stands as a symbol of hope, sustainable development, and what Africans can achieve through self-belief. GERD will provide electricity to millions of Ethiopians who have never had access to power in their homes. It will support our industries, schools, and hospitals, lifting our people from energy poverty. Additionally, it will enable power sharing with Sudan, Djibouti, Kenya, South Sudan, and eventually the broader Horn and East Africa region. Ethiopia is not advancing alone; we are progressing alongside our African brothers and sisters. As a proud citizen and journalist of this land, I declare: GERD is our dam, our aspiration, and our fate. It conveys to the world that Ethiopia, though ancient, is not forgotten. We are the descendants of Axum and Adwa, known for our wisdom and resilience. Now, we are also the home of GERD—the beacon of Africa. Let GERD be remembered not only as an engineering achievement but also as a testament to patriotism—the kind that shapes history and inspires future generations.

By Bereket Sysay Today, Ethiopia reached a remarkable milestone in its extensive history as it inaugurated the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The completion of the GERD will signify a new chapter for Ethiopia and, more broadly, for Africa, offering vast economic prospects. This dam is the culmination of years of unwavering dedication from the Ethiopian government and its populace, representing a self-sufficient development initiative. Since its establishment 14 years ago, it has been clear that the dam would be built and financed by Ethiopian citizens, both domestically and internationally, without any external financial assistance. This goal has already been realized, which is truly commendable. Nearly every Ethiopian has played a role in the construction of this monumental dam, which is why its opening will be commemorated as a national holiday. The dam symbolizes hope for transformative change for all Ethiopians by facilitating sustainable development, a long-held aspiration of the nation. Ethiopia has successfully undertaken and completed the construction of the dam by mobilising domestic resources. This endeavor has not been without its difficulties, as contributions have been made from limited incomes, despite the project's significant public importance. Additionally, Ethiopia has encountered considerable opposition from riparian countries during the construction of this vast dam. Nonetheless, the country remains resolute in its commitment to proceed in accordance with the principles of international water law. Egypt, in particular, has voiced criticism of Ethiopia based on antiquated colonial water agreements from 1929 and 1959, to which Ethiopia has never been a signatory. Moreover, Ethiopia, along with other Nile Basin countries, has been successful in establishing the Nile Basin Commission, which was entrusted with governing the Nile water resources based on the principle of international water law. Against all challenges, Ethiopia has once again shown its resilience in the face of threats. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a development initiative designed to transform Ethiopia into a strong economic nation, as energy is vital for promoting development. With a design capacity to generate approximately 5,150 MW of electricity, the GERD is set to become the largest hydropower facility in Africa. This energy could primarily alleviate Ethiopia’s current energy shortfall, impacting over millions of peoples, and cater to both industrial and domestic requirements. The GERD is poised to revolutionize Ethiopia’s energy landscape by supplying millions with clean, renewable electricity, and its importance goes well beyond mere power generation. The dam is expected to stimulate economic activity in various sectors, including fisheries, recreation, and tourism, thereby generating extensive employment opportunities in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) presents considerable advantages not only for Ethiopia but also for adjacent regions and the entire African continent. Numerous analysts have pointed out that the energy deficit in Africa is a significant contributor to the continent's current economic challenges. Africa is grappling with critical energy shortages, with approximately 60 million individuals nearly half of its population — lacking access to electricity. This energy deprivation represents a substantial barrier to economic advancement, education, healthcare, and overall quality of life. In this context, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is set to play a pivotal role in resolving this long-standing issue. Any excess electricity generated could consequently be exported to neighboring countries such as Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia. This would facilitate regional energy integration and foster economic growth by energizing the manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector serves as a fundamental pillar of economic development, making a significant contribution to a nation's GDP by producing goods for both domestic use and export. It also propels economic expansion through high-value output and productivity improvements. Manufacturing is among the most energy-intensive sectors, depending heavily on energy for processes such as heating, machinery operation, and goods transportation. Therefore, dependable and cost-effective access to energy, which the GERD will furnish to Ethiopia and other African nations, will enhance manufacturing productivity by energizing assembly lines, automation, and supply chains. By supplying affordable, renewable energy, the GERD will empower Ethiopia and its neighboring countries to shift from a consumption-driven economy to an export-oriented industrial economy. The availability of this energy will draw investment into industrial parks and urban development, generating jobs and economic prospects that will extend across borders via trade and labor mobility. Besides, the GERD fosters fair and sustainable collaboration among the countries of the Nile Basin. By supplying clean, renewable energy, the dam lessens dependence on fossil fuels and aids in alleviating climate change impacts in the region. It also promotes sustainable development by tackling issues of water and energy scarcity. For the countries sharing the river, the GERD could play a crucial role in managing floods and sedimentation. The GERD regulates water flow, minimizing annual flooding and safeguarding Sudan from severe flood-related damage. It also manages siltation, thus lowering the expenses associated with dredging and maintaining infrastructure, particularly in Sudan. Furthermore, the GERD's positioning in the highlands of Ethiopia, where evaporation rates are reduced, diminishes water loss during storage. The storage capacity of the GERD ensures adequate water flow to Egypt, particularly in times of drought, serving as a safety mechanism. Having recognized all these economic advantages, it is evident that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) represents a transformative initiative with the capacity to enhance energy security, stimulate economic growth, and promote regional integration throughout Africa, while delivering concrete benefits. The dam also stands as a testament to Ethiopia’s sovereignty and its entitlement to utilize natural resources for national advancement. Ethiopia’s dedication to managing its natural resources in a sustainable and equitable fashion indicates a notable transformation in the region's geopolitical dynamics, which have historically been influenced by archaic colonial-era water agreements. As a self-funded development endeavor, the GERD is fostering the implementation of African-led solutions. It establishes a benchmark for self-sufficient infrastructure projects, bolstering Ethiopia’s economic diplomacy and motivating other African nations to pursue similar ventures. A thriving Africa founded on inclusive growth and sustainable development can only be achieved if African nations are capable of expanding initiatives of this nature. Consequently, by constructing the GERD, Ethiopia is aiding in the fulfillment of Agenda 2063 and the regional strategies for economic integration. Nevertheless, Ethiopia's aspirations will not conclude here; it is determined to evolve into a developed and prosperous nation, as well as to witness a developed and prosperous Africa. Thus, it is essential for neighboring countries to seize the advantages of the GERD and collaborate to forge a brighter future. Furthermore, the economic prospects of Africa hinge on the establishment and execution of such large-scale projects. To realize this, nations across the continent must exert every effort to mobilize domestic resources, as this represents the most dependable mechanism for development financing. One crucial aspect we must not overlook is that Africa can only progress towards a brighter future if it shapes its own destiny.

By Henok Tadele Addis Ababa, September 9, 2025 (ENA)— After 14 years of relentless endeavors, and unshakable dedication, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed today — 9 September 2015 (Pagumen 4, 2017 E.C.), inaugurated the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a monumental victory that crowns Ethiopia’s resilience and heralds a new era of national pride. Ethiopia has been deprived of harnessing the Abay River for its development endeavors, despite contributing over 86 percent of water to downstream Nile Basin states. For millennia, generations of Ethiopians have watched the Abay River simply flowing to basin states without serving its origin. Abay washed away Ethiopian soil to a great extent. This continued for centuries. So glaring was the injustice, hampering Ethiopia to utilize a bucket of Abay water for whatever development undertakings! Against this backdrop, Ethiopia took a bold step to building a hydro power dam on Abay River. Former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi laid the foundation stone to commence the construction of GERD on 2 April 2011.Credit where credit is due! GERD's inauguration is a clear signal to the world. Ethiopia is charting its own course. The dam is a driver of regional cooperation, stimulating other African nations to foster development based on win-win approach and leverage economic emancipation. The GERD has created a phenomenal reservoir, named Nigat Lake (Dawn Lake). Today's inauguration marks the most joyous and monumental day in Ethiopian history. With span of 14 years of unwavering construction and immense sacrifice, Abay River has ever become fair to Ethiopia to generate hydropower with its massive reservoir of 74 billion cubic meters of water. Hence, GERD's completion evokes feelings of both heartbreak and euphoria among Ethiopians. It is worth celebrating. The inauguration of GERD penetrates deep in the soul, causing teardrops. The groundbreaking and inauguration of GERD stirred the hearts and souls of Ethiopians. Simply put, GERD is the biggest dream that generations have longed for centuries to see this happen. It is a historic milestone for Ethiopians—proof of what a nation can achieve when united by purpose, belief, and commitment.The GERD, which is Africa's largest hydro power dam, stands as a testament to what a determined nation can achieve. It is a monumental milestone not only for Ethiopia but also for the entire African continent. It is justice carved in concrete and filled with water. It is the fulfillment of a vision once declared impossible. It is a voice long silenced, finally rising with power. When the World Turns Its Back Ethiopia Stands Tall When Ethiopia finally dared to realize the overdue dreams of the past generations and broke ground, the GERD was met with fierce resistance; not with support. Major international financial institutions declined to finance the hydro power project; not because the dam lacked merit nor Ethiopia lacked vision but to uphold the hegemony of Nile waters. Through back channel diplomacy, imposition and pressure mounted on Ethiopia to halt constructing the dam but to no avail. The Ethiopian people and government continued to construct the hydro power dam to generate electricity for rural communities, its growing economy as well as for the entire regional power connectivity. The mega project could have been financed by international financial institutions or co-financed with riparian states given its regional implications. Sadly, Ethiopia was told to stay in the dark. Faced with global indifference, Ethiopia made a bold decision to finance the dam itself. The imposition coming from others was a red line for Ethiopian people and government who have endured obstacles painstakingly to complete the dam with a spirit of resilience. This century-old injustice prompted the Ethiopian public and government to gather unwavering strength and unity to finance the dam. Across the nation, people rose up to take whatever it took to finish the construction of GERD. Civil servants contributed their salary to GERD. Farmers bought bonds by selling their harvest. Children put coins in donation boxes. Artists staged concerts to fund raise and motivate the entire public to rally behind the dam. Religious leaders preached unity. The poor gave both what they could and could not afford. This was a true national awakening, a collective act of defiance against injustice. The GERD has a storage capacity of 74 billion cubic meters of water and a power generation capacity of over 5,150 megawatts, enough to double Ethiopia’s electricity consumption and light the region with clean and sustainable energy. GERD—A Win for All Riparian States Despite years of opposition and misinformation from downstream states, the GERD offers unequivocally blessings to all Nile basin states, both to Sudan and Egypt. GERD mitigates flood risks and sedimentation in downstream countries, boosting agricultural productivity. Additionally, the dam’s sediment-trapping capacity will extend the lifespan of downstream dam infrastructure. By preventing devastating floods during the rainy season and ensuring a stable supply during the dry months, the dam will bring economic revitalization to millions of farmers, to Sudan, for instance. Water stored in the reservoir of GERD, high in the Ethiopian highlands and within deep gorges, will save significant cubic meters of water from evaporation, unlike at the Aswan Dam. It is regrettable that Ethiopia has been deprived of harnessing the Abay River for development. Egypt and Sudan held hegemony in the use of the Nile's waters. Consider the paradox, Ethiopia, which contributes most of the water, has been prevented from utilizing its share of the Abay water. This has perpetuated harsh droughts, poverty, and widespread energy deprivation, especially in rural communities. Envisioned as a driving force for sustainable development, the GERD is generating hydropower to supply electricity to millions of Ethiopians who have been without light thus far as well as boost industrial growth and augment regional power connectivity as well. With abundant clean energy, Ethiopia will power not just its factories and homes, but also integrate economies across East Africa, fostering regional prosperity and stability. The Abay River Become Fair For generations, Ethiopian songs and poems described Abay as a neglected might. The metaphor of Abay, soaked in pain, has now been transformed into fairness—it started serving all its basin states and the entire region. As the turbines begin to spin and lights begin to shine across the region, the world must hear the new rhythm rising from East Africa. The Nile has spoken, and now it speaks with fairness.

By Desta Kahsay The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) stands as a monumental testament to the power of self-reliance and collective aspiration, offering a compelling blueprint for development not just for Africa, but for the global South. Financed entirely through the unwavering commitment of its own citizens, this flagship project has defied skeptics and rewritten the narrative of what is achievable when a nation mobilizes its own resources for inclusive prosperity. From its very inception, the GERD has been more than just a hydroelectric dam; it has been a national rallying cry, a symbol of Ethiopia’s unwavering resolve to harness its natural resources for the benefit of its people. Unlike many large-scale infrastructure projects across Africa, which often rely heavily on foreign loans and aid, the GERD’s financing model is uniquely domestic. This deliberate choice was a bold declaration of economic sovereignty and a rejection of the cycles of dependency that have often hampered development in the continent. The active participation of Ethiopians from all walks of life has been the pulsating heart of this monumental undertaking. From farmers in remote villages to professionals in bustling cities, and the vast Ethiopian diaspora spread across the globe, millions have contributed their hard-earned money to the GERD. This collective effort has manifested in diverse forms: the purchase of GERD bonds, direct financial contributions, and even in-kind donations such as houses and cars, all channeled towards the realization of a shared dream. This unprecedented level of public ownership has fostered a profound sense of national pride and an unwavering commitment to the project’s success. It’s a vivid illustration of how a nation, united by a common vision, can unlock immense financial potential within its own borders. This self-reliance funding model has not only secured the necessary capital for one of the continent’s largest hydroelectric dams but also instilled a deeper culture of saving and investment among the populace, laying a stronger foundation for future economic growth. Moreover, the GERD stands as a living testament, powerfully defying the erroneous perceptions of some who attempted to taint it as a “white elephant.” For years, critics, often from external quarters, dismissed the project as an unfeasible undertaking, a drain on resources, or a source of dispute with downstream countries. Yet, with each passing milestone, from the successful initial fillings to the commencement of power generation, the dam has undisputedly debunked these myths. It has showcased Ethiopia’s determination to uplift its citizens out of poverty, its capacity for strategic planning, and its commitment to peaceful and equitable utilization of shared resources. The GERD has set a new dawn for Africa, demonstrating unequivocally that nothing is impossible when there is political will, national unity, and a firm belief in the capabilities of one’s own people. It serves as a powerful inspiration for other African nations to leverage their own resources, mobilize their populations, and pursue ambitious development projects without succumbing to external pressures or the allure of conditional foreign financing. The lessons learned from the GERD’s construction, particularly in terms of innovative financing and broad-based public participation, offer invaluable insights for a continent striving for genuine economic emancipation. In a world increasingly characterized by economic uncertainties and shifting geopolitical landscapes, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam’s journey, built on the bedrock of domestic finance and public participation, is a powerful narrative of resilience, self-determination, and inclusive prosperity. It is a beacon of hope, illuminating a path for Africa and beyond towards a future where monumental dreams are realized through collective action and an unyielding belief in what a united nation can achieve.

By Gezahagn Degefu Addis Ababa, September 3, 2025 (ENA) -- At the beginning of the Ethiopian New Year (September 2025), Ethiopians are set to celebrate the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)—a historic milestone accomplished to generate hydro power. GERD is now Africa’s largest hydroelectric dam, an emblem of Ethiopian ingenuity, determination, and unity. The dam is an expression of pride and a source of inspiration to both Ethiopia and Africa at large. A foundation stone was laid to commence the construction of GERD on the Abbay River in Guba woreda, Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia on 2 April 2011. From the beginning, the dam captured the body and mind of millions of Ethiopians. Funded entirely by domestic resources, without foreign loans, the dam has become a rallying point for patriotism, with citizens at home and abroad buying bonds, donating, and advocating for its success. Office of the National Council for the Coordination of Public Participation to the Construction of GERD confirmed that the financial backbone of GERD has been the Ethiopian people, describing it as a national development model rooted in self-reliance and collective ownership. Once fully operational, GERD will generate 5,150 megawatts of electricity. This is a transformative leap for a nation, as nearly half of the rural population of Ethiopia still lacks access to electricity. Beyond lighting homes and powering industries, GERD is central to Ethiopia’s broader vision of industrialization, rural electrification, and regional energy connectivity. For Ethiopia, GERD is more than hydro power; it embodies the aspiration for economic self-determination. The Abbay River has dawned Ethiopia’s hope to embark on harnessing its natural resources sustainably and equitably. This marks a pivotal shift, not just in infrastructure development, but a turnaround in regional geopolitical dynamics long influenced by outdated, colonial-era water treaties. From the outset, GERD faced formidable challenges. Persisting with a colonial mindset, against the order of the 21st century, at the expense of Ethiopia, does not hold water. Ethiopia had been deprived of harnessing its natural resources for centuries. The dream of Ethiopians has come true, having endured to overcome the injustices and sufferings for millennia. Over the last seven years, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has navigated intense international pressure during critical phases of the dam’s filling, while maintaining a firm commitment to diplomacy and cooperation. In a gesture of regional cooperation, Prime Minister Abiy extended an official invitation to the Nile riparian states to be part of the upcoming inauguration. “We believe in shared water, shared energy, and shared prosperity,” he declared. GERD’s impact will reverberate across East Africa. Ethiopia exports electricity to Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti, and others, fostering economic interdependence in the Horn of Africa. Additionally, the dam is expected to enhance water management and boost food security across the region. Its vast reservoir also holds potential for eco-tourism, fisheries, and hospitality, creating thousands of jobs. “GERD is a project for Africa. It offers flood control, reduced evaporation, and fosters cross-border energy connectivity, a symbol of hope and cooperation, Gideon Asfaw, a member of the GERD Negotiation Team once emphasized. As the inauguration nears, the GERD stands not only as a feat of engineering but as a declaration of national purpose. By controlling its internal resources through GERD and seeking external connectivity through trade and diplomacy, Ethiopia is reshaping its role in the Horn of Africa, paving the way for shared regional aspirations. Yet Ethiopia has maintained that the dam would not harm downstream nations. Designed to regulate the river’s seasonal flow, GERD aims to mitigate destructive floods and ensure a more predictable water supply. Ethiopia and other Nile Basin states initiated the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) to pave for equitable water use. This is a millstone not only to use the Nile waters but also to prevent riverside environmental degradation. GERD’s completion is more than an infrastructure milestone; it is the realization of a collective dream, a legacy of unity, and a promise to future generations. For Ethiopia, GERD is a rise of a self-sufficient, forward-looking, poised to lead by example in innovation, resilience, and cooperation.

  By Henok Tadele Haile Addis Ababa, August 31, 2025 (ENA) -- When Ethiopia and Nigeria shook hands in Addis Ababa this week over a 2.5 billion USD fertilizer complex deal, it was more than a business transaction. It was a declaration of intent, a bold statement that Africa is ready to rewrite its agricultural future with homegrown solutions and intra-continental cooperation at an unprecedented scale. This landmark investment, led by Africa’s richest man, Aliko Dangote, and Ethiopia’s reform-driven government under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, positions Ethiopia not just as a consumer of agricultural inputs, but as sub-Saharan Africa’s leading fertilizer producer. With a planned capacity of three million tons of urea annually, the project is set to rival Nigeria’s own fertilizer complex—already the second-largest urea plant in the world. “This is a very huge, gigantic project,” Dangote said during the signing ceremony, adding “To move from zero to three million tons in three years is not easy. But Ethiopia has the raw material, natural gas, and the visionary leadership to make it happen. We are not just producing fertilizer, we are leading a revolution.” A New Era of African Cooperation For decades, Africa’s economic future has been described in terms of what external partners, could do for the continent. This deal shifts the narrative. It is a Nigeria–Ethiopia partnership, uniting Africa’s two most populous nations under a shared vision of food sovereignty and industrial transformation. Dangote himself framed the significance bluntly. “Foreigners will not come and develop your economy. I am not a foreigner here, I am an African. The headquarters of the African Union is in Addis Ababa, and it is our duty as Africans to make sure Ethiopia succeeds.” By anchoring the project in Ethiopia’s Calub and Hilala gas fields in the Somali region, and linking it to both agriculture and industry, the partnership signals a new model of “Africa-for-Africa” development, one in which Africans leverage their own resources, capital, and entrepreneurial vision to break cycles of dependency. The Dangote Factor The deal also underscores the growing role of Aliko Dangote as more than just Nigeria’s industrial titan. His fertilizer plant in Lagos already transformed Nigeria’s agriculture by cutting dependency on imports and stabilizing supply chains. Now, by expanding into Ethiopia, Dangote is spearheading a continental fertilizer revolution, agricultural revolution also. His ambition stretches beyond urea production. “We will not stop at urea,” he vowed while signing the deal, “We are doing the whole range of NPK fertilizers.” Ethiopia will be a net exporter, not an importer anymore.” This is not just commerce, it is an entrepreneurial vision for a self-sufficient Africa, scaling the lessons of Nigeria across borders. Ethiopia’s Strategic Vision For Ethiopia, the project dovetails with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s national strategy of resilience and import substitution. Speaking at the ceremony, PM Abiy underscored both the urgency and discipline required. “The project is on track to be completed on schedule. We will oversee it with the utmost discipline, as it is a highly important and strategic undertaking. Within 40 months, Ethiopia will have laid a foundation for food sovereignty.”, he said. The symbolism is clear, just as the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) became a national emblem of energy independence, this fertilizer complex is set to become the industrial flagship of Ethiopia’s agricultural independence. Finance Minister Ahmed Shide was equally emphatic, calling the agreement “a new renaissance (GERD) for the nation.” “Ethiopia has been spending a billion USD annually to import fertilizer. This factory will end that dependence, save critical foreign currency, and establish Ethiopia as a regional hub for fertilizer production. It is a historic milestone, no less significant than the GERD.”, he enthusiastically elaborated. By integrating fertilizer production with natural gas reserves in the Ogaden Basin, Ethiopia is choosing not to merely export raw resources but to add value at home. This “Made in Ethiopia” and “Import Substitution” strategy, which saved 4.5 billion USD in imports in 2024/25 alone, illustrates Ethiopia’s pivot toward industrialization through resource integration. From Wheat Self-Sufficiency to Fertilizer Independence The Russia–Ukraine war made it painfully clear how dependent Ethiopia was on imported fertilizer. As global fertilizer prices tripled and wheat imports stalled, the Ethiopian economy was so starved of fertilizer, the most important input for Ethiopia’s agricultural production. For a country where agriculture sustains the majority, the crisis was more than economic—it was existential. So the country faced a very hard time due to the geopolitical nature of global wheat and fertilizer politics. To curb those challenges all together, PM Abiy’s government responded first by ramping up irrigated wheat production, turning Ethiopia from a net importer into a net exporter. Now, with this fertilizer deal, Ethiopia is securing the other half of the equation—fertilizer self-sufficiency with a promise to export. This is about sovereignty, PM Abiy emphasized in his speech after the fertilizer deal. “We must build our food system on solid ground.” This project ensures Ethiopia will no longer be vulnerable to external shocks regarding fertilizer. Africa as an Agricultural Superpower The implications go beyond Ethiopia. By joining forces, Nigeria and Ethiopia are signaling Africa’s intent to compete in the global fertilizer market. A continent once portrayed as the world’s breadbasket-in-waiting is finally laying the industrial groundwork to fulfill that role. The fertilizer deal is therefore both economic and geopolitical. It shows that Africa is not merely a consumer in the global food system but a rising producer, capable of feeding its own people and contributing to global food security. The Road Ahead The Ethiopia–Dangote fertilizer deal is a project measured not just in billions of USD or tons of urea, but in confidence, vision, and sovereignty. It is a bet that African cooperation, African resources, and African leadership can chart a new path out of dependency and vulnerability. With Dangote’s industrial track record, Ethiopia’s commitment to execution and the symbolism of Africa’s two giants working together, the project embodies a new era. The fertilizer complex in Gode is more than concrete, steel, and pipelines. It is a monument to resilience, built in the aftermath of global crisis, a blueprint for self-reliance, crafted from Africa’s own raw materials and a signal to the world that Africa’s agricultural future will be defined not by aid or imports, but by African ingenuity.

  By Bereket Sisay Addis Ababa, August 27, 2025 (ENA) -- The political portrayal of the Horn of Africa, seemingly shaped by an Orientalist perspective, is overwhelmingly negative. The region has always been portrayed as a hotbed of instability, a place where political tensions and risks are rampant. In fact, the region's reality does not differ much from this portrayal, as it has experienced political turmoil for many years. Communal conflicts, terrorism, political chaos, piracy, and interstate wars have plagued the region for a long time. Furthermore, external intervention by outside actors exacerbates these political crises and puts the region in disarray. The region also has a history of being used as a chessboard, emerging as a center of gravity for diverse actors from near and far due to its geopolitical position. Consequently, the region is characterized as a symmetric multipolar region, exhibiting a convergence and divergence of interests that negatively impact its well-being. These crises and their impacts have rendered the region as it is today. This characterization has damaged the image of the region and each country within it and calls for each country's efforts to change the narrative for the better, once and for all. However, undertaking mutually beneficial political and economic projects that can defy the region's previous presentation requires courage and solid political will. In light of this geopolitical reality, Ethiopia has made every effort to transform the situation and contribute to the region by taking responsibility. The nation redefined its approach long ago, embracing a collective strategy to address significant regional challenges and work toward a better future. Ethiopia has been working tirelessly for the region's common good, determined to overcome its grim past and propel the region toward sustainable development and peace. As stated in its foreign policy document, Ethiopia prioritizes its neighboring countries because their destinies are closely linked. Ethiopia seems to embody the sentiment, "Either we swim together or we sink together," which aptly captures the region's interdependent nature. Ethiopia's dedication to the region is not just theoretical. The country has demonstrated this commitment through collaborative efforts and mutually beneficial strategies over an extended period, as evidenced by its recent tangible actions. These initiatives are grounded in the principle of mutual advantage for the region and the broader continent, thus promoting stability and development. Consider Ethiopia's contributions to regional peace, for example. Its role as a peacekeeper in Somalia exemplifies its dedication to tackling regional issues collaboratively. Since 2006, Ethiopia has demonstrated its commitment to the principle of "non-indifference" toward its neighbors' struggles by actively working to foster peace and security in Somalia. This has significantly benefited the region and its people. While the terrorist group al-Shabaab has not been completely eradicated, its threat has significantly decreased, leading a robust stability in the region. Furthermore, Somalia’s relatively stable federal government today is largely due to Ethiopia's contributions, as well as those of other nations. Ethiopia has consistently demonstrated its willingness to collaborate with Somalia as partners in maintaining peace and security, viewing it as a shared responsibility. Ethiopia’s stability is intertwined with Somalia’s security, and Somalia’s security and long-term progress depend on Ethiopia’s growth and development. At Somalia’s 2022 presidential inauguration in Mogadishu, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized this point, stating: “We don’t view our progress as a nation separate from that of our neighbors for we truly understand that a neighbor at peace with itself is an ally for our paths to prosperity.” Similarly, Ethiopia has played a critical role in fostering peace and stability in South Sudan, which has faced civil conflict since its independence. Through the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Ethiopia has successfully led negotiations between conflicting parties, resulting in a peace agreement that many considered unachievable. Despite the challenges of implementing the revitalized peace deal, South Sudan is progressing toward greater stability. Ethiopia is widely recognized as a key contributor to this process due to its significant efforts in fulfilling its regional responsibilities. In sharing the burden of the region's social crisis, Ethiopia has proven itself to be an important ally. Despite its economic challenges and large population, Ethiopia plays a significant role in addressing the regional refugee crisis. The country hosts over one million refugees from neighboring countries, including Sudan and South Sudan. This generous act reflects Ethiopia’s commitment to a collaborative approach to regional issues and shared development. It has earned international praise by countering the restrictive immigration policies of many developed nations, which have become the new normal. Similarly, as climate change poses a major threat, particularly in the Horn of Africa, where adaptive capacity is limited, Ethiopia has not sat idly by; rather, it has carved out its own solutions. To combat climate change, Ethiopia launched the Green Legacy Initiative, planting billions of trees with widespread citizen participation. Additionally, Ethiopia is expanding this initiative throughout the region by providing neighboring countries, such as Djibouti and South Sudan, with seedlings and sharing its expertise. This contributes to collective regional efforts against climate change and fosters a resilient green economy. Ethiopia’s cross-border development initiatives vividly demonstrate its commitment to fostering shared prosperity in the region. A prime example is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s vision for cooperative growth. Beyond providing electrification and other indirect benefits to Ethiopia, the GERD is a transformative project designed to benefit neighboring countries, particularly Sudan and Egypt, by regulating floods, managing water flow, and serving as a vital energy source for a region long plagued by energy shortages. The dam’s energy output will drive industrial and manufacturing growth, advancing both national and regional development in alignment with the aspirations of Agenda 2063, Africa’s blueprint for continental integration. As the manufacturing sector expands, it will create jobs across various value chains, boosting livelihoods and raising per capita income. This will surely contribute to sustainable development in the region and beyond. Likewise, Ethiopia’s pursuit of sea access reflects its dedication to mutual prosperity and regional collaboration. Far from a self-serving ambition, this endeavor aligns with the principles of shared growth, as access to the sea would unlock multi sectoral opportunities for neighboring countries. Ethiopia’s landlocked status has long constrained its economy and geopolitical standing, while also depriving the region of the broader benefits that sea access could enable. By securing maritime access, Ethiopia could catalyze regional advantages akin to those of the GERD, reinforcing its commitment to development projects that prioritize collective progress and mutual benefit. Additionally, Ethiopia has played a key role in strengthening IGAD, transforming it into a robust multilateral institution that unites member states around shared goals. This is another milestone in the nation's efforts to promote regional cooperation. Therefore, all these stories convey one major truth: Ethiopia aspires to grow and prosper through shared contributions. To that end, Ethiopia has adopted a collaborative approach to solving inherited problems and establishing effective strategies for achieving sustainable peace and development. A collective response is a new possibility, and every country in the region must exhibit the political will to make this pragmatic geopolitical vision a reality. If they cooperate, these countries have the capacity to alter the region's political and economic direction. Moreover, moving forward is not an option in this chaotic global scenario. Today, the world's geopolitical landscape is tense. The war between Ukraine and Russia continues, the crisis in the Middle East grinds on, and the rivalry between China and the U.S. intensifies. Additionally, many concerning negative trends have emerged in Africa and the region at large. Thus, it is crucial to navigate this volatile global political and economic landscape and carve out possible solutions for Eastern Africa, particularly the Horn of Africa, at least for the time being. For the Horn of Africa to achieve peace and prosperity, collaboration must move beyond rhetoric. Ethiopia has taken bold steps now the question is whether others will follow.

By Gosaye Feyissa Addis Ababa, August 22, 2025 (ENA) -- Addis Ababa is a city of renown, a jewel among the great metropolises of Africa. This historic city, close to a century and a half in age, is a mirror of Ethiopia herself—a living museum of over 80 nations and nationalities, a tapestry woven with the threads of diverse cultures. For many, the name Addis Ababa evokes visions of Ethiopia’s vibrant capital, a city characterized by its high-altitude atmosphere and a distinctive blend of tradition and modernity. However, for diplomats, policymakers, and pan-Africanists worldwide, Addis Ababa represents something far deeper: it stands as the unequivocal diplomatic hub of Africa. The significance of Addis Ababa is rooted in a unique history that sets it apart from other African capitals. Unlike most, Addis Ababa was not founded by a colonial power. It was established in 1886 by Emperor Menelik II, who chose the site for its fertile land and natural hot springs. The city's destiny was sealed a decade later when Ethiopia became the only African nation to successfully repel a European colonial invasion at the Battle of Adwa. This historic victory cemented Ethiopia's place as a symbol of African independence and resistance. This legacy of sovereignty and self-determination became the foundation for the pan-African movement. Leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania looked to Ethiopia as a beacon of hope and a haven for nationalists fighting for their liberation. When the time came to create a unified continental body, there was only one logical choice for its home. In 1963, Addis Ababa hosted the historic meeting that gave birth to the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the forerunner of today's African Union (AU). In the decades since, the city has become the permanent seat of the AU, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and a myriad of other international organizations and more than 120 embassies. This concentration of diplomatic power is unrivaled on the continent, making Addis Ababa a vital nexus for dialogue, negotiation, and cooperation.   For seven years, the government has been undertaking a wide range of projects to give Addis Ababa a look befitting its international renown. The most prominent of these is the ongoing, large-scale corridor development project. Now, the city is undergoing a historic transformation—redefining what it means to be a livable, modern, and beautiful African capital. Through bold corridor development and riverside revitalization initiatives, Ethiopia’s capital is improving daily life while positioning itself as a rising star in African tourism and urban innovation. These initiatives are not merely about upgrading infrastructure; they represent a fundamental shift in urban planning aimed at creating a more livable and sustainable city. The projects, which have been implemented in phases, involve improving major routes by building wider roads, dedicated bicycle lanes, and spacious pedestrian walkways. This focus on non-motorized transport is crucial for a city where a large percentage of the population walks, and it aims to reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality. Beyond transportation, the corridors are designed to integrate green spaces, recreational areas, and public plazas, which are vital for enhancing the quality of life and fostering a sense of community.   The development has also had a profound impact on the city's socioeconomic landscape. By revitalizing neglected areas, the projects have spurred new commercial and residential developments, attracting investment and creating new job opportunities in the construction, retail, and hospitality sectors. The transformation aims to turn Addis Ababa into a "smart city" with modernized utilities like improved drainage systems and telecommunication networks. Visitors are now rediscovering a city that looks, feels, and breathes differently. The city is more than just comfortable for its residents. It has also become a beautiful destination for foreign visitors who come to explore its historical significance related to Pan-African ideals, its role as a beacon of African liberation, and its foundation as the headquarters of the African Union. The corridor development project is a multi-sectoral initiative aimed at improving roads, mobility, and public spaces. Spanning over 240 kilometers, the project includes 48 kilometers of newly asphalted roads, 96 kilometers of pedestrian walkways, and 100 kilometers of dedicated bicycle lanes. It also introduced 48 new bus and taxi terminals to streamline public transportation.   As the Mayor of the city, Adanech Abiebie noted, the initiative “enabled us to identify, renovate, and open many previously unknown heritage sites to the public,” while also reducing congestion, enhancing safety, and expanding green coverage. These upgrades have revived neglected neighborhoods and brought essential public amenities. From modern parks and libraries to skill training centers and upgraded housing for low-income residents, the city is being redesigned to serve everyone. Equally transformative is the Addis Ababa Riverside Project, which is converting polluted riverbanks into vibrant public spaces. Once health hazards, these rivers now host walkways, plazas, amphitheaters, and bike paths—turning environmental liabilities into valuable community assets. Global Admiration: A Model for Africa Addis Ababa's urban renaissance has earned international recognition. During the Pan-African Youth Leadership Summit, ministers from Gambia, Burundi, and Mali praised the city’s progress. “I have witnessed significant transformation,” said Gambia’s Youth Minister Bakary Badjie during a visit to the Addis International Convention Center. “We can learn much from Addis Ababa.” Danish Ambassador Sune Krogstrup noted, “You can really tell this is a city growing fast,” emphasizing the broader implications of infrastructure for inclusive development.   At the African Cities Forum, Professor David Francis of Sierra Leone likened Addis Ababa’s nighttime glow to Shanghai or London, calling it “the proud capital of Africa.” Chinese urban planning expert Professor Wang Jingping cited green spaces and new infrastructure as signs of remarkable progress. Tourists from Romania, India, Madagascar, and Uganda have also expressed admiration, noting the city's cleanliness, modernization, and welcoming atmosphere. Human-Centered Development What sets Addis Ababa’s development apart is its human focus. The Lenegewa Women's Rehabilitation Center, for example, provides skill-building and support for vulnerable women. Renovated housing projects offer dignity and improved living conditions for the urban poor. Initiatives like ‘Clean Ethiopia’ and ‘Dine for Sheger’ are improving sanitation and the city’s appearance. A boarding school for visually impaired students, built by the Office of the First Lady, reflects a commitment to inclusive infrastructure. Beyond aesthetics, the corridor project is enhancing daily life. Improved traffic flow, reduced accidents, and expanded green areas have created a safer and more enjoyable urban experience. Lighting, walkways, and trees along major corridors have turned streets into places for both transit and leisure. These projects aren’t merely about infrastructure—they’re about resilience, job creation, tourism, and fostering an inviting investment climate. They reflect a larger vision of building a capital that serves its citizens and prepares for future generations.   For a young African, visiting Addis Ababa can be a transformative experience. They might walk the same corridors where their grandparents' generation fought for independence or witness a heads-of-state summit shaping their future. The city is a living monument to the pan-African dream, a place where the struggles of the past and the aspirations of the future converge. Addis Ababa is not without its challenges. Like many rapidly growing urban centers, it grapples with issues of infrastructure, population growth, and urban planning. Yet, it continues to rise to the occasion, solidifying its reputation as a city that can host world leaders, influence global agendas, and serve as a symbol of African resilience and ambition. It is a city that, through its history and its unwavering commitment to unity, has truly earned its title as the diplomatic heart of Africa.

Addis Ababa, August 21, 2025 (ENA) -- From Sept. 4 to 10, the Algerian capital will become the epicenter of African trade. More than a mere economic gathering, the fourth edition of the Intra-African Trade Fair symbolizes Algeria's unwavering continental ambition-one that the nation is determined to fully embrace. A "work of projection and observation"— such was the recognition given to the substantial efforts undertaken following a thorough consultation on the current state of preparations and the key recommendations concerning the intensification of the organizational phase of the 4th Intra-African Trade Fair, scheduled to take place in Algiers in September. This event far exceeds the scope of a conventional economic exhibition. In a constantly evolving geopolitical context, where shifting balances redefine Africa's priorities, the organization of this fair in Algiers stands as a bold undertaking — a pivotal moment in the continent's trajectory. It provides Algeria with a unique opportunity to showcase its capacity to align economic aspirations with logistical expertise and forward-thinking diplomacy. The IATF 2025 is a strategic occasion for Algeria to reaffirm its place within the African economic sphere and to project a revitalized image of its productive capabilities. It aims to elevate intra-African cooperation to a structural level, yielding tangible outcomes in terms of trade facilitation and deeper integration into the continent's commercial momentum. Yet, this continental fair goes well beyond the framework of a trade exhibition; it represents a critical milestone in the operationalization of the African Continental Free Trade Area, offering Algeria an unparalleled platform to highlight its export potential. The political commitment surrounding the event is a testament to the Algerian authorities' resolve to make the IATF a structural success that serves the cause of regional integration. Beyond visibility, the ultimate goal is to transform the fair into a lever for sustainable economic diversification and a cornerstone of Algeria's strategic repositioning. Algiers is preparing to host a landmark event that embodies the continent's economic convergence. This dynamic follows the historic continuity of Algeria's commitment to African unity. Since gaining independence, the country has distinguished itself by actively supporting liberation movements and consistently engaging in a diplomacy that champions continental causes. Algeria's leading role within the African Union and its election to head numerous AU bodies are a direct reflection of this legacy, legitimizing Algiers as the host city of a continental event eagerly anticipated by entrepreneurs and economic experts alike. "To align all available means with the nation's African ambition" — this is the guiding principle shaping Algeria's strategic deployment of resources to enhance its image and influence. It involves the meticulous coordination of infrastructure, logistics, administrative procedures, protocol, financing, customs facilitation, transportation, accommodation, tourism, communication and marketing. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, unwavering in his Pan-African convictions, has consistently worked to strengthen political alignment across the continent. His vision is rooted in active solidarity, mutual support in facing common challenges, and, above all, a clear economic ambition: initiating a new growth dynamic powered by Africa's internal capacities and driven by intra-African trade. The slogan "Africa for Africans," which served as a foundational pillar of Pan-Africanism since the establishment of the Organization of African Unity, was first proclaimed from Algiers. It is no coincidence that today's pursuit of African economic renewal is once again anchored in this land of resistance and revolutionary fervor. Through IATF 2025, Algeria reasserts its role as a strategic crossroads and a driving force behind autonomous continental development. President Tebboune's strategy is underpinned by a long-term vision: the diversification of the national economy, the intensification of African partnerships, and a firmly stated intention to break free from asymmetrical economic relations. This bold approach finds tangible expression in the organization of this Pan-African fair, which many experts view as a vital instrument for promoting commercial exchange across a market estimated at over $3 trillion. Algeria is mobilizing all necessary resources to ensure that the IATF 2025 becomes a benchmark event — a strategic turning point in Algeria's economic projection across the African continent, aligned with the aspirations of its peoples. By hosting this major gathering, Algiers is not merely assuming the role of host; it is actively translating into reality a shared vision for the future, grounded in enduring and robust trade relations. September 4 will mark far more than an economic or diplomatically symbolic occasion. Algiers will embody a collective determination to deepen economic cooperation, driven by political will, as reaffirmed by Mr. Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of Nigeria. Within a single week, Algiers will reconnect with its destiny as a great African capital, laden with historical significance and the enduring hope of African unity. At a time when the continent is seeking new foundations, the 4th Intra-African Trade Fair in Algiers emerges as a beacon of exchange, ambition and reciprocity. Source - Algerian Embassy in Addis Ababa END

By Samiya Mohammed The thunderclap of Trump’s Liberation Day tariffs has a tempest across Africa’s economic landscape. With rates soaring to 50% for Lesotho’s textiles, 47% for Madagascar’s vanilla, and 30% for South Africa’s autos, the policies crystallize a brutality of nations nurtured by AGOA’s duty-free access now face commercial exile from their largest Northern market. Within this turbulence lies a galvanizing truth: Africa’s survival hinges not on pleading for Western leniency but on accelerating its continental trade renaissance. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfFTA) emerges as a spearhead for structural sovereignty. Trump’s tariff architecture, basing rates on bilateral trade deficits divided by imports, betrays a grotesque illogic. Lesotho is among the most severely impacted countries in Africa. The country exports approximately 200 million USD in textiles to the United States, while importing only 3 million USD in return. With the introduction of the new reciprocal tariff system, Lesotho is confronted with tariffs as high as 50 percent on its exported goods. Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire are also encountering significant difficulties. Ghana has been subjected to a 10 percent tariff, whereas Côte d’Ivoire, recognized as an agricultural powerhouse exporting nearly 1 billion USD in cocoa to the United States, has faced a 21 percent duty. This mathematical cruelty ignores why deficits exist. Africa exports raw minerals exempt from tariffs, but faces punitive rates on value-added goods like apparel or processed cocoa, the very industries AGOA sought to nurture. Landlocked states like Botswana rely on South African ports. Tariffs on South Africa thus cascade regionally, fracturing supply chains like brittle glass. This challenge has escalated even though negotiations are currently taking place with the Trump administration. The World Trade Organization (WTO), which was created to promote a rules-based global trading system, appears to be concerned about this crisis. Its dispute resolution mechanism, which is fundamental to its effectiveness, is essentially weakened, obstructing its capacity to tackle trade disparities and protect the interests of member countries. This immobilization carries significant consequences for the global economy, potentially resulting in heightened trade tensions, retaliatory actions, and a deterioration of the core principles of international trade agreements. However, the organization is optimist about Africa. When Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the Director-General of the WTO, spoke at the opening plenary session of the 4th Finance for Development Conference in Seville this year, she remarked that developing nations, which had anticipated boosting export revenues to avert a decline in their balance of payments, are now faced with a disruption so significant that it contributes to financial instability. “This is why we have argued that least developed countries as a group, and Africa as a region, should be exempted from these reciprocal tariffs, so we can better integrate them into the world trading system, not further exclude them, so that they can stand a better chance to earn the resources with which to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals.” The call made by the head of the WTO is significant, as it may assist nations on the continent in negotiating according to the principle of reciprocity, grounded in the national interests of each country. However, Africans possess a wealth of opportunities within their own borders. These opportunities could potentially elevate the continent to a prominent position on the global political and economic stage, providing substantial leverage. Engaging in trade among themselves is crucial to alleviating the impending threat of the current global trade war. While appealing to Washington to consider exemptions for the poorest nations, Okonjo-Iweala said the continent must not wait for outside leniency. She said the message is simply that Africa must become more self-reliant. To achieve that, she emphasized the urgent need to mobilize domestic resources, streamline regulatory bottlenecks, and, above all, deepen intra-African trade, which currently accounts for only 16 percent to 20 percent of the continent’s commerce. Here is the remedy. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) encompassing 54 nations over 1.3 billion people is no longer a bureaucratic dream but an urgent lifeline. The effective execution of this agreement is anticipated to enhance intra-African trade and generate opportunities for Africa to industrialize and increase its competitiveness in the global market. As global trade fragments, Africa’s internal market projected to hit $3.4 trillion by 2030 becomes the ultimate insulator. Such synergies are latent. AfCFTA’s reduction of 90% intra-African tariffs makes them viable and urgent, as Chinese manufacturers, locked out of U.S. markets, may flood Africa with cheap goods, undercutting nascent industries. Bilateral pleas have failed. Lesotho’s delegations secured only partial tariff reductions South Africa’s White House meeting yielded symbolism, not salvation. Unity is non-negotiable. As AU Chair João Lourenço could broker a grand bargain duty-free access for U.S. firms to Africa’s booming consumer markets in exchange for tariff relief on African apparel and agro-processing. Simultaneously, Africa’s critical minerals 92% of Botswana’s exports, 81% of DRC’s grant leverage. The U.S. needs cobalt for EVs and platinum for hydrogen Africa need not surrender it cheaply. Trump’s tariffs are a searing indictment of global trade’s hypocrisy but also Africa’s historic fragmentation. The answer isn’t despair but defiance through integration. Implementation accelerants are critical. Pilot transactions between Kenya, Ghana, Egypt, and South Africa must scale from hundreds to millions of shipments. Lesotho’s textile workers deserve subsidies for retraining or factory pivots to regional markets. China’s offer of duty-free access to 53 African nations, excluding, must be leveraged, but cautiously avoiding new dependency traps. As Wamkele Mene, AfCFTA Secretary-General, declares, “No single market will survive alone. Our combined population is our power”. The tariff storm may rage, but within it, Africa plants the seeds of an irreversible economic emancipation. Let factories hum in Lagos for Addis consumers, let Congolese tech startups scale in Johannesburg hubs. When trade walls rise, continents that trade with themselves thrive. Africa’s moment is not coming; it is here, forged in the fire of unjust tariffs and seized by continental vision.