By Ambaye Woretaw Rapidly Emerging as a Global Tourism Powerhouse Across Africa, few countries are transforming their tourism sectors as rapidly and comprehensively as Ethiopia. Long celebrated for its ancient history and cultural depth, the East African nation is now emerging as one of the world’s fastest-growing travel destinations. Strengthening its status as a leading travel hub, it is drawing a surge of international and domestic visitors eager to experience its remarkable history, diverse cultures, and breathtaking landscapes. Today, Ethiopia offers a unique blend of timeless heritage and modern development. From spectacular natural wonders and UNESCO-recognized historical treasures to newly developed world-class tourism destinations, the country is reshaping its global image and unlocking opportunities that were once overlooked. Driven by ambitious national initiatives, strategic infrastructure investments, and visionary leadership, Ethiopia is steadily establishing itself as a destination where history, culture, nature, and innovation converge. A Land Blessed with Extraordinary Natural Wonders Ethiopia possesses one of the most diverse and dramatic landscapes on Earth. Its breathtaking scenery ranges from soaring mountain peaks and lush highlands to vast lakes, deep caves, and one of the hottest places on the planet. Among the country’s most remarkable natural attractions is the UNESCO-listed Simien Mountains National Park, renowned for its rugged cliffs, endemic wildlife, and spectacular trekking routes. Equally captivating is the Danakil Depression, a surreal landscape of colorful mineral formations, salt flats, and geothermal activity that has fascinated scientists and adventurous travelers from around the world. The country’s rich natural treasures also include the Bale Mountains National Park, home to rare wildlife species and vast Afro-alpine ecosystems; the majestic Blue Nile Falls (Tis Abay); the serene waters of Lake Tana and Lake Hawassa; the scenic Lake Abijatta; and the magnificent Sof Omar Cave, one of Africa’s largest and most impressive cave systems.   Together, these destinations make Ethiopia one of Africa’s most diverse eco-tourism destinations and a paradise for nature enthusiasts, researchers, and adventure travelers. The Cradle of Civilization and Human History Few nations can rival Ethiopia’s historical depth. Widely recognized as one of the birthplaces of human civilization, Ethiopia offers a journey through thousands of years of history, from the earliest traces of humankind to the legacies of powerful kingdoms and medieval empires. The country is home to the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa, reflecting its immense contribution to world history, culture, and civilization. Among Ethiopia’s most iconic landmarks are the Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela, often described as the Eighth Wonder of the World; the historic castles of Fasil Ghebbi in Gondar; the ancient stelae of Aksum; and the walled city of Harar Jugol, one of Islam’s most significant cultural centers. Equally important are the Lower Valleys of the Awash and Omo, where some of humanity’s earliest ancestors were discovered, earning Ethiopia global recognition as a cradle of humankind. These remarkable sites provide visitors with an unparalleled opportunity to experience the origins of civilization, religion, architecture, and culture. A Living Museum of Cultural Heritage Beyond its historical monuments, Ethiopia is home to one of Africa’s richest and most vibrant living cultures. The country’s extraordinary cultural diversity is reflected in its languages, traditions, festivals, music, cuisine, and social institutions that have been preserved and celebrated for centuries. Several Ethiopian traditions have been inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, including the colorful Meskel Festival, the indigenous Geda System, Timket (Ethiopian Epiphany), and Fichee-Chambalaalla. These living traditions continue to attract visitors seeking authentic cultural experiences and meaningful connections with local communities. UNESCO recognition has further strengthened Ethiopia’s international tourism appeal by providing global validation of the country’s unique historical and cultural significance, encouraging travelers from across the world to explore its treasures. Restoring the Past to Build the Future In recent years, Ethiopia has intensified efforts to preserve and restore its invaluable cultural and historical assets. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, heritage conservation has become a central pillar of the country’s tourism transformation strategy. Major restoration projects have been undertaken at some of Ethiopia’s most iconic landmarks, including Fasil Ghebbi in Gondar, the National Palace in Addis Ababa, Harar Jugol, and the historic Jimma Abba Jifar Palace.   These restoration initiatives serve a dual purpose: safeguarding Ethiopia’s rich cultural legacy for future generations while creating new opportunities for tourism-driven economic growth. The revitalization of these landmarks is not only preserving history but also generating employment, attracting investment, and enhancing the country’s global tourism profile. Unlocking Ethiopia’s Tourism Potential Through Visionary Leadership At the center of Ethiopia’s tourism transformation is a bold national vision championed by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. His strategy seeks to unlock the country’s immense tourism potential through sustainable eco-tourism, environmental conservation, historic preservation, and urban renewal. This vision has been brought to life through the landmark “Dine” initiative series—Dine for Sheger, Dine for Nation, and Dine for Generations. These three ambitious programs that are fundamentally reshaping Ethiopia’s tourism landscape. Dine for Sheger: Reimagining the Capital The Dine for Sheger initiative has transformed Addis Ababa through extensive urban renewal projects focused on river rehabilitation, environmental restoration, and public recreation. Stretching approximately 56 kilometers from Entoto to the Akaki River corridors, the project has introduced expansive green spaces, walking trails, recreational facilities, and public parks. Flagship destinations developed under the initiative include Friendship Park, Unity Park, and Entoto Natural Park, all of which have become major attractions for residents and visitors alike. Dine for Nation: Showcasing the Nation’s Natural Beauty Building upon the success of urban renewal efforts, Dine for Nation focuses on developing world-class tourism destinations across the country. The initiative seeks to stimulate economic growth while significantly increasing domestic and international tourism. Among its flagship projects are the breathtaking Gorgora Eco-Resort overlooking Lake Tana, the scenic Wonchi tourism destination, the spectacular Koysha development, and the historic Halala Kella resort.   These projects have introduced new standards of hospitality and destination management while showcasing Ethiopia’s extraordinary natural and cultural assets. Dine for Generations: Building Sustainable Tourism for the Future The Dine for Generations initiative represents the next phase of Ethiopia’s tourism strategy. The program focuses on expanding eco-lodges, sustainable tourism investments, and community-centered visitor experiences designed to create long-term economic benefits. Projects such as Denbi Eco Lodge and Niin Lee Palm Lodge exemplify this approach, combining environmental sustainability with premium tourism experiences. The inauguration of Haro Dandi Lodge in April 2026 marked another significant milestone in Ethiopia’s tourism transformation journey. On that occasion, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized that tourism is increasingly becoming a decisive force in Ethiopia’s development strategy and a cornerstone of a more diversified and sustainable economy. Addis Ababa: Africa’s Diplomatic and Conference Tourism Capital Beyond leisure tourism, Ethiopia is rapidly becoming one of Africa’s leading destinations for conferences, international meetings, and diplomatic events. As the headquarters of the African Union and numerous international organizations, Addis Ababa has long served as the political and diplomatic capital of Africa. Massive investments in transportation infrastructure, hospitality facilities, convention centers, and urban modernization have further strengthened the city’s attractiveness as a premier destination for international conferences and business tourism. The growing conference tourism sector continues to contribute significantly to foreign exchange earnings, investment promotion, and global engagement.   A Tourism Renaissance in Motion Ethiopia’s tourism sector is experiencing a remarkable renaissance. The country is witnessing record growth in visitor arrivals, expanding tourism infrastructure, and increasing international recognition. This momentum is driven by a unique combination of extraordinary natural beauty, world-renowned cultural heritage, strategic investments, and visionary national leadership. From the ancient rock-hewn churches of Lalibela to the stunning landscapes of the Simien Mountains, from the revitalized parks of Addis Ababa to the newly developed eco-resorts across the country, Ethiopia is unveiling its countless treasures to the world. As the nation continues to invest in preservation, sustainability, and destination development, tourism is rapidly emerging as a powerful engine of economic growth and national transformation. The message is becoming increasingly clear. Ethiopia is not merely participating in Africa’s tourism growth story. It is helping to redefine it.

By Staff Writer June 25, 2026 (ENA) There are moments in the life of a nation when history demands more than endurance. It demands clarity about where a country stands and courage about where it must go next. Ethiopia is living through such a moment. Standing before policymakers, development partners, investors, and national stakeholders, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed framed a question that lies at the heart of Ethiopia’s current transformation: What does it mean for Ethiopia not merely to catch up with the future, but to leap into it? For a nation of more than 130 million people and one of the world's oldest civilizations, the question is neither rhetorical nor symbolic. It is a challenge rooted in Ethiopia’s history and increasingly reflected in its ambitions. For generations, Ethiopia has defied expectations. It preserved its sovereignty when much of Africa was colonized. It built the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Abay River through the determination and contributions of its citizens. Time and again, the country has demonstrated an ability to rise above limitations imposed by circumstance. Today, Ethiopia seeks to do so again. A New Story Emerging For years, international narratives about Ethiopia were often dominated by conflict, poverty, inflation, and humanitarian challenges. While those realities cannot be ignored, they no longer tell the full story. Across the country, signs of transformation are becoming increasingly visible. Inflation, which once exceeded 30 percent, has fallen dramatically and even reached single-digit levels earlier this year. Exports are approaching historic highs. Economic growth is projected to reach 10.2 percent this fiscal year—one of the fastest growth rates not only in Africa but in the world. These achievements did not emerge by chance. They are the result of difficult reforms, what Prime Minister Abiy on Ethiopia Delivers Summit described it: “It is a result of deliberate policy choices, and a willingness to confront long-standing structural challenges. The path has not been easy, nor has it been without sacrifice. Yet the emerging results suggest that Ethiopia is beginning to turn economic stabilization into a foundation for sustained national renewal.” Still, numbers alone cannot capture the significance of transformation. Behind every statistic are millions of lives being reshaped by opportunity. The Human Face of Reform Again Prime Minister Abiy cited a story of a woman who spent years running a small business in a local market. She operated outside the formal economy. She had no bank account, no credit history, and no officially registered business. For years, the financial system simply did not recognize her existence. Then came Fayda, Ethiopia’s national digital identification program. After enrolling in the system and beginning to use digital financial services, she started building a formal financial record. That record created trust. Trust opened access to finance. Finance created opportunity. Her talents had not changed. What changed was access. Her story mirrors that of millions of Ethiopians who are now gaining entry into systems and opportunities that were previously beyond their reach. It is a reminder that the true measure of progress is not merely the institutions a country builds, but the lives those institutions improve. Reforming While Building Unlike many nations that can address challenges sequentially, Ethiopia has had to confront multiple crises simultaneously. It has been required to stabilize while building, reform while delivering services, and correct long-standing weaknesses while preparing for future opportunities. This approach reflects the philosophy behind Ethiopia’s broader development framework, often described as a model of interconnected transformation. Economic reform, social protection, digital innovation, human development, local empowerment, and national cohesion are not viewed as competing priorities. Rather, they are seen as mutually reinforcing pillars of progress. The goal is not simply economic growth. The goal is resilient and inclusive development. Nation-Building as a Shared Responsibility A central message emerging from Ethiopia’s reform journey is that transformation cannot be achieved by government alone. Neither markets nor communities acting independently can deliver lasting change. Nation-building requires collective effort. It requires governments that create enabling environments, businesses that invest and innovate, communities that participate actively, and international partners willing to engage with mutual respect and shared purpose. This spirit of partnership is increasingly shaping Ethiopia’s approach to development. From macroeconomic reforms and productive urban development to digital systems, agricultural modernization, mining expansion, and infrastructure investment, Ethiopia is pursuing a comprehensive agenda aimed at unlocking long-term growth. Yet leaders acknowledge that transformation remains a process rather than a destination. The Challenges That Remain The optimism surrounding Ethiopia’s progress is accompanied by a clear recognition of unfinished work. Years of high inflation reduced household purchasing power and placed significant pressure on families. The benefits of economic reforms have not yet reached every citizen equally. Many communities continue to face economic hardship. Acknowledging these realities is essential. Successful nations do not advance by ignoring their challenges; they advance by confronting them honestly. Perhaps the most critical challenge lies in preparing the next generation. As technology reshapes economies and global competition intensifies, Ethiopia must ensure that its education systems, institutions, and opportunities allow young people to thrive. The ultimate test of reform will not be measured solely by growth figures or investment flows. It will be measured by whether Ethiopia can create competitive industries, generate meaningful employment, expand prosperity across regions, and build opportunities that endure across generations. Ethiopia: A Leap Into Tomorrow As Prime Minister Abiy revealed that at the heart of Ethiopia’s vision is a concept expressed in Amharic as "Ethiopia Manserarat (Ethiopia’s leap forward.” It represents more than an economic strategy. It is a national aspiration. A belief that the country can move beyond managing crises and begin shaping its future with confidence. A belief that development must be inclusive, institutions must be strong, and progress must be sustainable. A belief that every generation has a responsibility to preserve what is valuable, correct what is not working, and leave stronger foundations for those who follow. The world is watching Ethiopia’s transformation. Some observers do so with encouragement. Others with skepticism. But Ethiopia’s responsibility remains unchanged: to serve the aspirations of its people, broaden opportunity, strengthen institutions, and build a future worthy of its immense potential. The direction, Ethiopia says, is clear. The commitment is firm. And if the nation continues to build with discipline, courage, and a shared sense of purpose, this generation may well be remembered as the one that transformed possibility into reality—and left Ethiopia stronger than it found it.

By Tewodros Habenom Addis Ababa, June 24, 2026 (ENA)__Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s address at the Ethiopia Delivers National Summit, held under the theme “From Reform to Lasting Change,” offered more than a reflection on achievements. It presented a strategic vision for Ethiopia’s future. At its core was a powerful message: reforms are not destinations, but foundations upon which enduring national transformation is built. “Nation state-building is a continuous collective responsibility,” the Prime Minister emphasized, underscoring a philosophy that sees development as an intergenerational project rather than a series of isolated accomplishments. Guided by the principle of Medemer (synergy) through collective effort—Ethiopia’s transformation since 2018 has sought to weave economic modernization, institutional reform, infrastructure expansion, environmental stewardship, and diplomatic engagement into a single national trajectory. As the country moves from initiating reforms to consolidating them, the central question is no longer whether change has begun, but how those gains can be sustained and translated into lasting prosperity. Rebuilding the Economy Through Structural Reform When the current administration assumed office in 2018, Ethiopia faced mounting debt pressures, foreign exchange shortages, and significant macroeconomic challenges. In response, the government launched one of the most ambitious economic reform agendas in the nation’s history. Strategic sectors that had long operated under state monopolies were gradually opened to private participation. Landmark reforms in telecommunications introduced global operators into the Ethiopian market, increasing competition and attracting investment. Monetary reforms, including exchange-rate liberalization, were undertaken to address longstanding economic distortions and strengthen investor confidence. These measures paved the way for major financing arrangements with international institutions, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, helping stabilize the economy while creating conditions for long-term growth. Medemer and the Pursuit of National Cohesion At the heart of Ethiopia’s political transformation lies the philosophy of Medemer. More than a political slogan, it has served as the conceptual framework guiding efforts to foster national unity and collective progress. The formation of the Prosperity Party in 2019 marked a significant restructuring of Ethiopia’s political landscape, bringing together diverse regional and political actors under a single national platform. Simultaneously, the establishment of the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission created an institutional pathway for addressing historical grievances through dialogue and constitutional engagement. Together, these initiatives reflect a broader effort to strengthen national cohesion as a prerequisite for sustainable development and long-term stability. Agricultural Transformation and Food Security Few sectors better illustrate Ethiopia’s development ambitions than agriculture. Through a large-scale irrigated wheat production program, the country has fundamentally altered its approach to food production. By expanding irrigation infrastructure, mechanization, and modern farming techniques, Ethiopia has moved from dependence on imported wheat to achieving self-sufficiency and exporting surplus production to neighboring markets. To deepen this transformation, Aliko Dangote, President of the Dangote Group, has increased his conglomerate's total investment commitment in Ethiopia from 2.5 billion USD to more than 4 billion USD, following a working visit to Gode in Ethiopia's Somali region where he was received by Prime Minister Abiy. The project is expected to reduce reliance on imported agricultural inputs and strengthen the foundations of long-term food security. Unlocking Energy Potential Energy has emerged as a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s development strategy. The inauguration of the first phase of the liquefied natural gas project in the Somali Region represents a significant step toward industrialization and export diversification. At the same time, renewable energy remains central to Ethiopia’s vision. The Aysha II Wind Power Project, among the largest in the region, demonstrates the country’s commitment to balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability. Together, these investments are advancing Ethiopia’s transition toward greater energy independence and industrial competitiveness. Green Legacy: Development Through Environmental Stewardship Among Ethiopia’s most internationally recognized initiatives is the Green Legacy program, which has integrated environmental sustainability into the country’s broader development agenda. The campaign has mobilized millions of citizens in the planting of billions of trees, the restoration of degraded landscapes, and efforts to combat desertification and climate vulnerability. Beyond its environmental benefits, the initiative has generated economic opportunities linked to conservation and carbon-related projects. Since its launch, Ethiopia has planted an estimated 48 billion tree seedlings nationwide, contributing to reforestation, ecosystem restoration, and climate action efforts. Building on this momentum, the country has set an ambitious target of planting an additional 8 billion seedlings in this rainy season, further reinforcing its vision of a greener, more environmentally sustainable future. Tourism as an Engine of Growth Ethiopia’s development agenda has also transformed the tourism sector. Landmark projects such as Entoto Natural Park and Friendship Park have redefined urban recreational spaces, while initiatives including “Dine for the Nation and Dine for Ethiopia “ have accelerated investment in world-class tourism destinations. Projects such as Gorgora, Koisha, and Wenchi are positioning Ethiopia as an emerging destination for luxury, eco-tourism, and conference tourism, creating jobs while showcasing the country’s cultural and natural heritage. GERD and Regional Energy Leadership The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) remains one of the defining symbols of Ethiopia’s development ambitions. Having transitioned into electricity generation, the dam is reshaping the nation’s energy landscape while strengthening regional integration. Through power-export agreements with neighboring countries, GERD is enhancing Ethiopia’s role as a regional energy hub and creating new opportunities for economic cooperation across East Africa. Reimagining Urban Ethiopia The nationwide corridor development initiative is transforming Ethiopia’s urban centers through extensive investments in roads, pedestrian infrastructure, public spaces, sanitation systems, and environmental beautification. These projects are not merely infrastructure upgrades; they represent a broader effort to create cleaner, more efficient, and more livable cities capable of supporting future economic growth. Embracing the Digital Future Recognizing that future competitiveness depends on innovation, Ethiopia has accelerated investments in science and technology. The establishment of the Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute reflects a commitment to harnessing emerging technologies in agriculture, healthcare, education, and climate forecasting. Meanwhile, the Science and Technology Museum in Addis Ababa serves as a platform for inspiring innovation and nurturing the next generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. These initiatives signal Ethiopia’s ambition to become a participant in the global knowledge economy rather than merely a consumer of technology. Ethiopia’s Rising Diplomatic Influence Alongside domestic transformation, Ethiopia has strengthened its international standing. As the host of the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa continues to serve as the continent’s diplomatic capital. The successful bid to host the 2027 United Nations Climate Summit further reflects growing international recognition of Ethiopia’s leadership on renewable energy and climate action. At the same time, the country has expanded strategic partnerships with nations including Türkiye, India, and Malaysia, while its accession to BRICS marks a significant step toward diversifying economic and geopolitical relationships. From Reform to Lasting Change The story of Ethiopia since 2018 is not simply one of reform. It is the story of a nation seeking to institutionalize transformation and convert short-term achievements into enduring progress. As Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed noted at the Ethiopia Delivers Summit, state-building is a responsibility that transcends generations. The challenge ahead is not only to preserve the gains already achieved but to ensure they become the foundation for a more prosperous, resilient, and united Ethiopia. The journey from reform to lasting change is still unfolding. Yet the trajectory suggests that Ethiopia is increasingly focused not merely on changing the present, but on shaping the future.

By Henok Tadele Haile June 24, 2026 (ENA) There are moments in the life of nations when diplomacy speaks louder than rhetoric. Not through declarations or carefully crafted statements, but through the steady arrival of world leaders, the hosting of major international gatherings, and the confidence placed in a country to convene conversations that shape the future. Over the past twelve months, Ethiopia has experienced such a moment. While narratives about the country often focus on challenges, the reality unfolding in Addis Ababa tells a broader story. From climate action and food security to investment, technology, migration, and continental cooperation, Ethiopia has increasingly positioned itself as one of Africa's most active diplomatic hubs. Most importantly, the East African nation has been drawing heads of state, policymakers, investors, researchers, development partners, and international organizations from across the globe.   The story begins with a simple but powerful measure of diplomatic relevance: presence. In international relations, presence matters. Nations do not invest valuable diplomatic capital where they see little strategic importance. World leaders do not repeatedly dedicate time to countries they consider peripheral. Major international institutions do not entrust high-profile gatherings to locations lacking significance. Yet over the past year, Addis Ababa has welcomed a remarkable succession of global leaders and dignitaries. Among them are Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, French President Emmanuel Macron, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, Israeli President Isaac Herzog, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, and United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres, all of whom have engaged with Ethiopia through official visits, bilateral meetings, and multilateral forums. At the same time, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has expanded Ethiopia's diplomatic reach through strategic engagements with influential leaders worldwide, including Russian President Vladimir Putin, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and numerous leaders during the G20 Summit in South Africa. Yet diplomacy is not measured by the number of handshakes exchanged or photographs taken.   Its true value lies in a country's ability to bring people together around issues that matter most to humanity's future. In this regard, Ethiopia's recent diplomatic record stands out. In February 2026, Addis Ababa hosted the Second Italy–Africa Summit, the first time the high-level forum was held on African soil. The gathering brought together Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, African leaders, business executives, senior government officials, and development partners to strengthen cooperation in infrastructure, energy, agriculture, healthcare, and education under Italy's Mattei Plan. The symbolism was significant. When Italy sought to redefine its partnership with Africa, it chose Addis Ababa as the venue. Months earlier, Ethiopia had co-hosted the Second United Nations Food Systems Summit Stocktake, bringing together heads of state, ministers, researchers, youth representatives, civil society actors, and development agencies to assess progress toward building more resilient and sustainable global food systems. Food security remains one of the defining challenges of our time. Once again, Addis Ababa served as a platform where solutions were debated, partnerships forged, and commitments strengthened. The momentum continued with the Second Africa Climate Summit, one of the continent's largest international gatherings in recent years. Tens of thousands of participants—including heads of state, climate experts, investors, development institutions, and environmental advocates—convened in Ethiopia's capital to advance discussions on climate finance and Africa's green development agenda.   The summit also spotlighted Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative, elevating what began as a national environmental campaign into an internationally recognized model of climate action. Beyond these flagship events, Ethiopia's diplomatic calendar remained exceptionally active. The 16th Conference of the African Risk Capacity brought ministers and senior officials from 39 African countries to Addis Ababa to strengthen cooperation on disaster preparedness, climate resilience, and risk financing. Regional policymakers, scholars, migration experts, and civil society leaders also gathered in the Ethiopian capital to explore how migration can contribute to peacebuilding and sustainable development across the Horn of Africa. Meanwhile, preparations have been finalized for a major international conference on Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence, expected to attract ICT ministers, security experts, innovators, researchers, and policymakers from Africa and beyond to discuss cyber resilience, data sovereignty, and the responsible adoption of emerging technologies. Viewed individually, each of these gatherings is important. Viewed collectively, they tell a much larger story. Food systems. Climate action. Artificial intelligence. Disaster resilience. Migration. Investment. Continental cooperation.   These are not peripheral issues in global affairs. They are among the defining challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century. And increasingly, the conversations surrounding them are taking place in Ethiopia. This helps explain why Addis Ababa continues to command sustained international attention. As the headquarters of the African Union, Ethiopia occupies a unique place in Africa's diplomatic architecture. Yet geography alone does not create relevance. Many cities host institutions; far fewer become platforms where ideas, partnerships, and decisions converge. Today, Addis Ababa is increasingly fulfilling that role. Its conference halls, diplomatic corridors, and meeting rooms have become venues where African priorities intersect with global concerns, where leaders from different regions seek common ground, and where partnerships are forged to address shared challenges. In an era of shifting alliances and intensifying geopolitical competition, countries are increasingly selective about where they invest their attention, resources, and diplomatic energy.   The steady flow of leaders, summits, and international engagements toward Ethiopia points to a simple but significant reality: the country remains an influential actor in regional and global affairs. Diplomacy, after all, is not ultimately measured by commentary. It is measured by relevance. And over the past year, the world has repeatedly affirmed Ethiopia's relevance by choosing Addis Ababa as a destination for dialogue, cooperation, and collective action. For a nation long described as the gateway to Africa, that may be the strongest diplomatic statement of all.

Addis Ababa, June 22, 2026 (ENA)__The third week of June 2026 offered a revealing portrait of a world navigating both uncertainty and opportunity. Geopolitical tensions, high-level diplomacy, economic challenges, humanitarian concerns, technological breakthroughs, climate pressures, and major international events dominated global headlines, reflecting the increasingly interconnected nature of contemporary affairs. From diplomatic efforts to ease tensions in the Middle East and discussions among world leaders at the G7 Summit to accelerating advances in artificial intelligence and growing climate concerns, the week's developments highlighted both the complexities confronting the international community and the determination of nations to pursue solutions through cooperation and innovation. While security concerns and humanitarian crises continued to command attention, the week also showcased encouraging examples of diplomatic engagement, scientific progress, technological transformation, and international collaboration—reminding the world that even amid uncertainty, progress remains possible. Middle East Remains at the Center of Global Attention The Middle East once again occupied a central place in international affairs as diplomatic efforts intensified to prevent further escalation of regional tensions. Developments involving the United States, Iran, Israel, and neighboring countries received extensive international attention as governments sought to manage growing security concerns while preserving regional stability. Discussions surrounding Iran's nuclear program, maritime security, regional alliances, and the protection of critical trade routes remained among the most closely watched issues of the week. Given the region's strategic significance to global energy markets and international commerce, developments in the Middle East continued to influence diplomatic calculations, financial markets, and security policies far beyond the region itself. Particular concern centered on the Israel-Lebanon border, where military activity and political rhetoric raised fears of broader instability. Yet amid these concerns, sustained diplomatic engagement offered cautious optimism. International stakeholders continued efforts to promote dialogue, de-escalation, and conflict prevention, reaffirming the enduring role of diplomacy in preserving international peace and security. G7 Summit Highlights Global Priorities One of the week's most consequential diplomatic gatherings was the G7 Summit, where leaders of the world's leading industrialized economies convened to address an increasingly complex global landscape. The summit focused on pressing international challenges, including economic recovery, geopolitical instability, climate change, energy security, technological innovation, and the future of global governance. Leaders expressed growing concern over geopolitical fragmentation, supply-chain vulnerabilities, and economic uncertainty while emphasizing the importance of strengthening international cooperation and resilience. Artificial intelligence emerged as a major topic of discussion, with leaders examining governance frameworks aimed at ensuring that rapidly advancing technologies are developed responsibly and ethically. Food security, sustainable development, and support for developing economies also featured prominently on the agenda. The participation of emerging economies reflected broader efforts to foster more inclusive global dialogue and strengthen international partnerships capable of addressing challenges that transcend national borders. Global Economy Balances Growth and Uncertainty Economic developments remained under close scrutiny throughout the week as markets, businesses, and policymakers monitored signals from major central banks regarding inflation, interest rates, and growth prospects. Particular attention focused on policy decisions and statements from leading financial institutions as governments continued efforts to strike a balance between supporting economic expansion and controlling inflationary pressures. Concerns over sovereign debt, slowing growth in certain regions, and persistent trade disruptions continued to shape economic discussions. At the same time, many economies demonstrated notable resilience, supported by technological innovation, investment initiatives, and efforts to strengthen productivity. International financial institutions renewed calls for greater support for developing countries facing debt burdens and external economic shocks, emphasizing the importance of inclusive growth and financial stability in sustaining global recovery. Climate Challenges Reinforce Urgency for Action Environmental issues remained high on the international agenda as scientists and policymakers highlighted the growing impact of climate-related risks across multiple regions. Extreme temperatures, prolonged droughts, severe flooding, and increasingly frequent weather-related disasters continued to affect communities around the world, reinforcing concerns about climate resilience and adaptation. Governments and environmental organizations intensified discussions on renewable energy, biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and strategies to help vulnerable communities adapt to changing environmental conditions. Encouragingly, investments in clean energy technologies continued to expand, and international cooperation on climate adaptation gained momentum ahead of upcoming global environmental negotiations. The week's developments underscored a growing global recognition that addressing climate change is no longer solely an environmental priority but an economic, social, and security imperative. Artificial Intelligence Accelerates Global Transformation Artificial intelligence continued to emerge as one of the defining forces shaping the twenty-first century. Governments, technology companies, research institutions, and international organizations accelerated investments in AI development as competition and collaboration advanced simultaneously. Debates surrounding regulation, ethics, cybersecurity, data governance, education, and the future of work remained central to global discussions. Many experts increasingly view AI as a transformative technology with the potential to reshape economies and societies on a scale comparable to previous industrial revolutions. Alongside concerns about governance and risk management, policymakers and industry leaders focused on ensuring that AI contributes to broader human development, economic opportunity, and social progress. Growing international cooperation on AI governance reflected a shared recognition that the technology's benefits—and risks—extend far beyond national boundaries. Signs of Progress Amid Global Challenges While conflict, instability, and uncertainty often dominated headlines, the week also offered numerous examples of constructive international engagement and human progress. Diplomatic initiatives remained active across multiple regions, demonstrating the continued preference for dialogue over confrontation. International organizations expanded efforts to address humanitarian emergencies, food insecurity, and economic vulnerabilities affecting millions of people worldwide. Meanwhile, technological innovation continued to create new opportunities in healthcare, renewable energy, scientific research, artificial intelligence, and space exploration. Educational partnerships, cultural exchanges, and international sporting events further fostered understanding and cooperation among diverse societies, highlighting the enduring power of people-to-people connections in an increasingly interconnected world. These developments served as an important reminder that alongside the challenges confronting humanity, significant progress continues to be achieved through cooperation, innovation, and collective action. In conclusion, the third week of June 2026 provided a vivid illustration of the forces reshaping global affairs. Geopolitical tensions, economic uncertainty, technological transformation, climate challenges, and humanitarian concerns all featured prominently, reflecting a world undergoing profound and rapid change. Yet the week also demonstrated the enduring value of diplomacy, international cooperation, scientific innovation, and shared responsibility. Efforts to ease regional tensions, strengthen multilateral engagement, advance responsible technological development, support vulnerable populations, and accelerate sustainable growth underscored the capacity of nations and institutions to work together in pursuit of common goals. Ultimately, the week's events revealed a world confronting significant challenges while continuing to search for solutions through dialogue, innovation, and collaboration. As global interdependence deepens and new opportunities emerge alongside new risks, the importance of collective action remains clearer than ever. The story of the week was not merely one of crisis or uncertainty. It was also a story of resilience, adaptation, and a continuing global effort to shape a more stable, prosperous, and sustainable future.

Addis Ababa, June 22, 2026 (ENA) —The week that has just concluded offered a powerful glimpse into the Ethiopia that is steadily emerging, an Ethiopia that is embracing digital innovation, advancing environmental stewardship, strengthening its institutions, and pursuing a clear vision of prosperity. From the launch of the Green Legacy Initiative with an unprecedented target of planting eight billion seedlings during the upcoming rainy season to the unveiling of Africa's first unified digital public service platform, the country demonstrated a firm commitment to modernization, sustainable development, and citizen-centered governance. At the same time, growing international recognition of Ethiopia's democratic progress, alongside continued efforts to safeguard peace and stability, underscored a nation working to reinforce both its institutions and social cohesion. Taken together, the week's developments represented far more than a series of government initiatives. They reflected a country actively laying the foundations for a more prosperous, resilient, and inclusive future while confidently addressing the challenges of the present. Green Legacy in Ethiopia’s Environmental Vision The week began with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed launching the 2026 Green Legacy Initiative, setting an ambitious goal of planting eight billion seedlings during the upcoming rainy season.   The announcement reaffirmed Ethiopia's position as a global leader in large-scale environmental restoration. What started several years ago as a nationwide tree-planting campaign has evolved into one of the country's most defining development initiatives, mobilizing millions of citizens, institutions, and communities around a shared environmental mission. Beyond increasing forest cover, the initiative has become a cornerstone of Ethiopia's strategy to combat climate change, restore degraded landscapes, strengthen biodiversity, and enhance climate resilience. At a time when environmental challenges are intensifying worldwide, Ethiopia continues to present the Green Legacy Initiative as both a national responsibility and a contribution to global sustainability efforts. The new target signals the country's determination to deepen that commitment and further expand the impact of one of Africa's most ambitious environmental programs.   MESOB Ushers in a New Era of Digital Governance If one development captured Ethiopia's modernization agenda most clearly this week, it was the launch of MESOB, Africa's first unified digital public service application. Officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, the platform integrates multiple government services into a single digital ecosystem, allowing citizens to access essential public services more efficiently and conveniently.   The significance of MESOB extends beyond technology. It represents a fundamental shift in how government interacts with citizens. For many years, obtaining public services often required navigating multiple offices and bureaucratic procedures. By creating a one-stop digital gateway, the platform aims to simplify service delivery, improve efficiency, and strengthen citizen-centered governance. The initiative is part of Ethiopia's broader digital transformation strategy, which seeks to harness technology as a driver of economic growth, administrative reform, and public sector modernization. Beyond its domestic impact, the launch places Ethiopia among a growing group of African nations leveraging digital innovation to transform governance and accelerate development. Speaking during the inauguration, Prime Minister Abiy emphasized that the vision of making Ethiopia a model of African prosperity is increasingly becoming a reality. The statement reflected confidence in the country's ongoing reform agenda and highlighted the practical outcomes emerging from investments in infrastructure, digitalization, environmental restoration, tourism, industry, and public service modernization. International Recognition for Democratic Progress The week also delivered encouraging signals regarding Ethiopia's democratic trajectory. The European Union Ambassador to Ethiopia described the country's 7th General Election as a significant milestone in Ethiopia's democratic journey, adding to a growing body of positive assessments from both domestic and international observers.   The recognition carries particular significance given the scale and complexity of organizing elections in one of Africa's most populous and diverse nations. For Ethiopia's democratic institutions, such assessments reflect progress in enhancing electoral administration, broadening civic participation, and strengthening constitutional governance. While democratic development remains an evolving process, the positive feedback underscores growing confidence in the country's efforts to advance peaceful political participation and institutional credibility. The remarks also reinforced the importance of continued reforms aimed at deepening democratic culture and strengthening public trust in electoral processes. U.S. Visa Restrictions on Defunct TPLF Add New Dimension to Northern Ethiopia One of the week's most closely watched political developments emerged from Washington, where the United States announced visa restrictions on hardline TPLF members and their immediate family members, citing concerns that escalating tensions in northern Ethiopia could threaten the peace process.   The announcement generated significant discussion within Ethiopia, particularly following comments by former Tigray Interim Administration President Getachew Reda. According to Getachew, the importance of the measure lies not primarily in the restrictions themselves, but in what he described as the political message accompanying the decision. He argued that the action reflects Washington's assessment of responsibility for rising tensions and serves as a warning to actors whose actions could undermine the Pretoria Peace Agreement.   The development introduced a new international dimension to ongoing efforts to preserve stability in northern Ethiopia and prevent any reversal of the hard-won gains achieved through the peace process. As discussions continue, the overarching objective remains clear: safeguarding peace, maintaining stability, and ensuring that political differences are resolved through dialogue rather than conflict. A Nation Focused on the Future Despite their diversity, the week's major developments were connected by a common thread: transformation. Whether through planting billions of trees, digitizing public services, strengthening democratic institutions, advancing prosperity-driven reforms, or protecting peace, Ethiopia's focus remained firmly fixed on the future. The Green Legacy Initiative demonstrated the country's commitment to environmental stewardship. MESOB showcased how digital innovation is reshaping governance and public service delivery. International recognition of the recent election highlighted progress in democratic development. Continued attention to peace and stability underscored the importance of preserving the conditions necessary for national advancement. Collectively, these developments tell a broader story—one of a nation seeking to modernize, strengthen its institutions, and create new opportunities for future generations. The journey is far from complete, and challenges remain. Yet the events of the past week suggest that Ethiopia continues to move forward with determination, ambition, and an increasingly clear vision of the future it seeks to build. As the country advances its reform agenda, expands environmental initiatives, embraces digital innovation, and strengthens democratic governance, the direction is becoming increasingly evident. Ethiopia is not merely responding to change. It is actively shaping it.

By Yordanos D. June 21, 2026 (ENA) Ethiopia's Seventh General Election marks a significant milestone in the nation's ongoing democratic journey. More than a routine political exercise, the election reflected the growing engagement of citizens in shaping the country's future through constitutional and peaceful means. Conducted on a historic scale, the election brought together millions of citizens, thousands of candidates, and a wide network of domestic and international observers. More than a contest for political power, it became a national expression of civic responsibility, institutional growth, and a shared aspiration for a more stable democratic future. At the conclusion of the process, the National Election Board of Ethiopia (National Election Board of Ethiopia) announced that the Prosperity Party secured a majority in the constituencies where voting was held, paving the way for the formation of the next government. Presenting the official results in Addis Ababa, NEBE Deputy Chairperson Tesfaye Niway noted that the party won a majority of seats in both federal and regional legislative bodies within its contested constituencies. A Historic Democratic Exercise at Unprecedented Scale The seventh general election was one of the largest electoral exercises in Ethiopia’s history. Out of more than 54 million registered voters, an overwhelming majority participated across over 50,000 polling stations nationwide. The scale of participation alone underscored both the complexity of the process and the expanding reach of Ethiopia’s democratic institutions. A total of 10,438 candidates representing 42 political parties contested seats in the House of Peoples’ Representatives and regional councils, making it the most competitive and extensive election ever held in the country. This breadth of participation reflected not only political diversity, but also the growing institutional maturity of Ethiopia’s electoral system. A Nation Engaged at the Ballot Box Yet beyond the numbers, the election was defined by its human dimension. Across the country, citizens gathered at polling stations before sunrise and, in many areas, remained in long queues well into the evening. These scenes of patience and determination became one of the most striking symbols of the election, capturing a renewed sense of civic engagement and democratic responsibility. Women, youth, first-time voters, elderly citizens, and persons with disabilities participated in significant numbers. In several constituencies, polling hours were extended to ensure that all those in line were able to cast their votes. Observers consistently noted the discipline, patience, and peaceful conduct of voters throughout the process. At a time when voter apathy has become a growing concern in many democracies worldwide, Ethiopia presented a contrasting picture: millions of citizens actively choosing to participate in shaping their political future through the ballot box. Institutional Strengthening and Electoral Modernization The election also highlighted the administrative and technological progress shaping Ethiopia’s electoral system. The efficient nationwide distribution of electoral materials across diverse and often remote geographic regions reflected significant logistical capacity. In several areas, the introduction of digital and online voter registration systems improved both accessibility and efficiency, marking an important step in the modernization of electoral administration. Collectively, these reforms have contributed to a more organized, transparent, and professionally managed electoral process. Observers widely noted that these improvements are part of a broader effort to enhance the credibility and inclusiveness of Ethiopia’s democratic institutions. Leadership Reflection and National Message President Taye Atske Selassie described the election as both a democratic achievement and a reflection of public trust. Speaking at the official results announcement, he emphasized that the votes cast by citizens represent not only confidence in the political process but also a profound responsibility entrusted to elected leaders. He noted that the strong voter turnout demonstrated a growing national belief in democracy as a pathway to development and stability, adding that the electorate had delivered a clear message calling for accountability, progress, and national prosperity. Peaceful Conduct and Broad Observational Confidence One of the most significant features of the election was its generally peaceful atmosphere. Across most polling stations, voting proceeded in an orderly manner, with citizens freely engaging in the democratic process without major disruption. The election also attracted extensive scrutiny from domestic and international observers. The African Union Election Observation Mission, led by former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, deployed observers across multiple regions and concluded that the election was conducted within a legal and institutional framework broadly supportive of democratic governance. Similarly, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) commended Ethiopia’s ability to manage a nationwide election of considerable scale and complexity, while highlighting the civic commitment demonstrated by voters across the country. Domestic institutions also played a vital role. The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission reported no evidence of voter suppression in monitored areas, while civil society coalitions noted high levels of transparency, including observer access to nearly all polling stations—an encouraging indicator of openness in the process. A Step Forward in Democratic Evolution When placed in historical context, the seventh general election represents a continuation of Ethiopia’s gradual democratic development. Since the introduction of multiparty elections, successive electoral cycles have contributed to improved voter registration systems, stronger institutional experience, and increased public awareness of democratic participation. The 2026 election built upon these foundations through enhanced administrative coordination, broader civic participation, improved transparency mechanisms, and expanded observation coverage—signaling steady institutional evolution. Democracy as a Continuous Process Ultimately, the significance of the election extends beyond election day itself. Democracy is not defined solely by ballots cast, but by the strength of institutions, respect for constitutional principles, protection of rights, and sustained citizen engagement. In this regard, the seventh general election provided evidence of progress across multiple dimensions of Ethiopia’s democratic system. Millions participated peacefully, institutions functioned at scale, and observers acknowledged meaningful advancements in electoral administration and transparency. Perhaps the most enduring image of the election remains the long lines of citizens waiting patiently from dawn until nightfall, an image that transcends political affiliation and speaks instead to a collective belief in peaceful participation and shared national ownership of the political process. Conclusion: A Foundation for the Future As Ethiopia enters a new political term, the Seventh General Election stands as a landmark in the country’s democratic journey. It reflects both progress achieved and the work that remains, while reinforcing the central role of citizens in shaping national direction. While challenges persist, the election offers a strengthened foundation for continued democratic consolidation—anchored in participation, institutional reform, and evolving public trust. Above all, it reaffirms a central principle: Ethiopia’s democratic future will be shaped not by force, but by the voice of its people expressed through the ballot box.

By Staff Writer Addis Ababa, June 21, 2026 (ENA) —Ethiopia’s 7th General Election has emerged as a defining milestone in the country’s evolving democratic journey. It is an election that reflects not only a political outcome, but a deeper transformation in how power is contested, transferred, and legitimized. With the Prosperity Party securing a decisive mandate, the election underscores a broader and more significant shift. It seems a gradual but steady movement away from historically force-driven political competition toward a governance system increasingly anchored in ballots, institutions, and constitutional order. Beyond the final results, the 2026 election is widely viewed as a reflection of Ethiopia’s re-engineered democratic architecture. For observers, it is not merely an electoral event, but a demonstration of long-term reforms aimed at reshaping the country’s political culture and strengthening the foundations of representative governance. In recent years, Ethiopia has embarked on wide-ranging electoral reforms designed to enhance credibility, transparency, and administrative efficiency. Central to these efforts has been the strengthening of the National Election Board of Ethiopia (National Election Board of Ethiopia), alongside improvements in voter registration systems, logistical coordination, and the integration of digital technologies into election management. Together, these reforms have significantly modernized the electoral process, creating a system that is increasingly structured, transparent, and professionally administered. Election observers note that these changes have had a direct impact on citizen participation. Expanded voter registration coverage, improved access to polling stations, and more efficient election logistics enabled millions of Ethiopians across diverse regions to take part in the democratic process. The introduction of digital tools was particularly highlighted for streamlining voter verification and engaging younger, tech-savvy voters. Yet beyond administrative improvements, analysts emphasize a deeper institutional shift. Ethiopia’s evolving electoral framework is increasingly designed not only to manage elections, but to embed democratic principles into the broader governance system—strengthening accountability, inclusion, and constitutionalism as enduring pillars of political life. Following the election, both regional and international observer missions acknowledged Ethiopia’s progress. The African Union Election Observation Mission (African Union) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) commended the generally peaceful conduct of the vote and the institutional reforms that underpinned the process. During a joint briefing in Addis Ababa, former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, head of the AU observation mission, described the election as being conducted within a legal and institutional framework broadly supportive of democratic governance. He noted that election day was largely calm and orderly across observed polling stations, with voters participating without significant disruption. He also pointed to the growing role of digital registration systems in improving accessibility, particularly among younger citizens. Similarly, former Ugandan Vice President Speciosa Wandira-Kazibwe, leading the IGAD mission, described the election as a meaningful milestone in Ethiopia’s democratic evolution. She commended the collaborative efforts of electoral institutions, government bodies, political parties, and civil society actors in ensuring a generally peaceful and orderly process. She further stressed that ongoing reforms have strengthened both the inclusivity and credibility of electoral participation. The European Union delegation to Ethiopia also welcomed the conduct of the election, recognizing the contributions of electoral authorities, political actors, and civil society organizations. Alongside EU member state diplomatic missions, it acknowledged the role of international observers, including the African Union and IGAD, in enhancing transparency and credibility in the electoral process. Taken together, these assessments reflect a growing international consensus: Ethiopia is steadily advancing efforts to consolidate democratic governance through institutional reform and structured political development. For many analysts, the importance of the 7th General Election extends far beyond its immediate political outcome. It represents a broader national effort to stabilize governance through constitutional mechanisms while expanding meaningful political participation within a more predictable, rules-based framework. Ethiopia’s experience, observers suggest, offers a compelling case of gradual democratic construction—where institutional strengthening, technological innovation, and civic inclusion converge to shape electoral credibility over time. As the country moves forward, the 2026 election stands as both a milestone and a reference point in its democratic evolution, marking not only a political transition, but the continued reinforcement of institutions designed to sustain democratic competition within a constitutional order.

Addis Ababa, June 18, 2026 (ENA) By Henok Tadele HAILE   For generations, Africa lived with a strange aviation reality. A traveler flying between two African countries could end up passing through Europe or the Middle East before returning to Africa. London, Paris, Dubai, and Doha became the bridges connecting Africans to one another. The result was simple. Jobs, investment, transit revenue, and economic opportunities that should have remained in Africa flowed elsewhere. Today, Ethiopia is moving to change that equation. Forty kilometers southeast of Addis Ababa, a project of extraordinary scale is rising from the ground. When completed, Bishoftu International Airport will not merely be another airport. It will be a new gateway for Africa, a strategic asset designed to reshape global air travel and place Ethiopia at the center of continental connectivity for decades to come. A Project Measured in Continents, Not Kilometers The numbers alone are staggering. The airport is being developed at an estimated cost of 12.5 billion USD. Its first phase will accommodate 60 million passengers annually by 2030. Once it is fully completed, capacity will reach 110 million passengers a year, placing it among the largest airports in the world and the biggest in Africa. Besides, the airport will feature four runways, parking space for 270 aircraft, massive cargo facilities, maintenance centers, hotels, commercial districts, and an integrated airport city. Hence, this is not simply an airport expansion, but rather it is the creation of an entirely new aviation ecosystem. Why Bishoftu Matters More Than Bole At first glance, some may ask a simple question. Why Ethiopia need to build a new airport, as it has Bole International Airport? The answer lies in geography and economic growth. Bole International Airport sits at an altitude of about 2,334 meters above sea level, making it one of the highest major aviation hubs in the world. At such elevations, aircraft engines generate less thrust, and airplanes often face weight restrictions on long-haul routes. Bishoftu, by contrast, sits roughly 400 meters lower. That difference may sound small. In aviation, it is enormous. The denser air allows aircraft to take off with greater payloads, more fuel, and improved efficiency, making ultra-long-haul flights more economical and operationally attractive. In practical terms, it means stronger direct connections between Africa and major destinations across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Moreover, the Ethiopian economy has now extremely growing, and its connectivity has also expanded worldwide, which demands additional airports. Building an African Gateway The airport's importance goes far beyond Ethiopia. It is vivid that African aviation has suffered from fragmented infrastructure for decades. Many African passengers still transit through non-African hubs when traveling within the continent. Hence, Bishoftu is designed to reverse that pattern. Its strategic location, combined with Ethiopian Airlines’ extensive network spanning more than 160 destinations, positions the airport to become the continent’s principal connecting hub. This is why the project has attracted global attention, not merely serving Ethiopia but serving the entire continent of Africa. A City Rising from the Dust When Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed recently visited the construction site, he described a project operating on a scale rarely seen in Africa. More than 8,000 workers and up to 4,000 vehicles and heavy machines are currently deployed across a construction corridor stretching nearly 30 kilometers. The project consumes more than 650,000 liters of fuel every day. The Prime Minister said the site already resembles a city under construction. More importantly, he stressed that the project is teaching Ethiopia how to execute world-class infrastructure at an unprecedented scale. "If we can successfully manage a project of this scale, it becomes easier to improve the delivery of other projects." The Prime Minister also described the airport as: "A foundation for future generations." Those words capture the broader significance of the project. It is being built not only for today's travelers but for Ethiopia and Africa of the next half-century. The Ethiopian Airlines Factor Large infrastructure projects often succeed or fail based on the institutions behind them. In Bishoftu's case, the driving force is one of Africa's most successful companies — Ethiopian Airlines. The airline's remarkable growth over nearly eight decades has transformed it into Africa's largest carrier and one of the world's most respected aviation brands. Speaking at the groundbreaking ceremony, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed explained why Ethiopian Airlines has become a national symbol. "Ethiopian Airlines is a source of national pride, not because it has been free of challenges, but because of its resilience, its ability to overcome obstacles, and its role as a trailblazer for Africa." That institutional culture is one reason investors and lenders view the project differently from many other mega-projects around the world. The airport is being built around an airline with a proven track record of growth, profitability, and global competitiveness. Ethiopian Airlines Vision for African Aviation For Group CEO Mesfin Tasew, Bishoftu is more than an airport. It is an answer to Africa's infrastructure challenge. Speaking during the groundbreaking ceremony, he said: "This is truly a proud moment for Ethiopian Airlines and for all of Africa. We are embarking on a new chapter with the groundbreaking of Bishoftu International Airport that will redefine the continent's aviation ecosystem." The CEO went further. "This project stands as yet another milestone, underscoring our commitment to shaping the future of the African air transport industry." He also described the project as: "A major step towards addressing the infrastructural gap in Africa and a key player in implementing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)." Few statements better summarize the strategic significance of the project. More Than an Airport Many airports move passengers. The most successful airports create economies. Bishoftu is being planned as a fully integrated aviation city. The project includes cargo facilities, logistics hubs, aircraft maintenance centers, commercial developments, and industrial zones. The first phase alone is expected to process massive cargo volumes while strengthening Ethiopia's position as Africa's leading logistics gateway. This matters because modern trade increasingly depends on speed. In today's world, airports are not simply transportation facilities. They are economic engines. Connecting the Capital to the Future One of the biggest challenges facing mega-airports worldwide is accessibility. Ethiopia appears determined to avoid that mistake. Plans include rapid transport links connecting the airport with Addis Ababa and the wider national transport network. The goal is simple. Passengers should not feel they are traveling to a distant airport. They should feel connected to a seamless transportation system. A Signal to the World The significance of Bishoftu extends far beyond aviation. It sends a message. A message that Africa can conceive, finance, manage, and execute projects at a world-class level. A message that the continent no longer needs to outsource its connectivity. And a message that Ethiopia intends to remain at the center of Africa's economic integration. When future historians write about Africa's aviation transformation, they may well identify the construction of Bishoftu International Airport as one of the defining moments. Not because it is large. Not because it is expensive. But because it challenges an old reality and replaces it with a new one. A future where Africa connects Africa. And where Ethiopia serves as the gateway to that future. The story of Bishoftu International Airport is ultimately not about concrete, steel, runways, or terminals. It is about ambition. It is about a country refusing to think small in an era when global competitiveness demands bold decisions. For decades, Africa watched as other regions built the infrastructure that connected the world. Today, Ethiopia is making a different statement. It is positioning itself not merely as a participant in global aviation, but as one of its future architects. When the first aircraft lifts off from Bishoftu's runways, it will carry more than passengers and cargo. It will carry the aspirations of a continent determined to connect itself, trade with itself, and compete with the world on its own terms. Its greatest achievement may not be its projected capacity of 110 million passengers, its billions of dollars in investment, or even its status as Africa's largest aviation hub. Its greatest achievement may be the confidence it inspires. Confidence that Africa can build at scale. Confidence that African institutions can deliver world-class projects. And confidence that the continent's future does not have to be designed elsewhere. In that sense, Bishoftu International Airport is more than a transportation hub. It is a declaration. A declaration that the next chapter of African connectivity, commerce, and opportunity can increasingly be written from Africa itself.

By Yordanos D. Few countries can claim to tell the story of humanity itself. Ethiopia can. From the fossilized remains of some of the earliest human ancestors to ancient kingdoms that once stood among the great civilizations of the world, Ethiopia possesses a historical depth and cultural richness found nowhere else. Home to UNESCO World Heritage sites, dramatic mountain landscapes, vibrant traditions, and diverse communities, the country has long held the ingredients of a world-class tourism destination. Yet for much of its modern history, Ethiopia’s tourism potential remained largely untapped. Infrastructure gaps, limited international promotion, investment constraints, and recurring geopolitical challenges prevented the sector from realizing its full economic and social value. Today, however, Ethiopia is undergoing one of the most ambitious tourism transformations on the African continent. What was once viewed primarily as a destination for history enthusiasts and adventurous travelers is evolving into a multifaceted tourism economy that blends heritage, nature, culture, business travel, and modern urban experiences. Across the country, historic landmarks are being restored, new destinations are emerging, green spaces are transforming cities, and tourism is increasingly being recognized as a strategic pillar of national development. Today, that historical trajectory has decisively shifted. The country is steadily repositioning itself from a niche, largely heritage-based destination into a robust, diversified tourism economy that seamlessly integrates ancient culture, breathtaking nature, modern conference tourism, and dynamic urban experiences. Historical Context To understand Ethiopia's tourism potential, one must first grasp the sheer depth of its historical footprint. Unlike many destinations where tourism is built around manufactured attractions, Ethiopia’s core offering is its authenticity and its status as a cradle of human civilization. Ethiopia’s global tourism narrative begins at the dawn of humanity. The Lower Valley of the Awash, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is globally renowned for the discovery of "Lucy", the 3.2-million-year-old hominid skeleton that radically reshaped our understanding of human evolution. Tourism development in this sphere is transitioning from purely academic expeditions to accessible educational tourism, supported by modern facilities like the Ethiopian Science Museum and enhanced exhibits at the National Museum in Addis Ababa. The ancient city of Aksum, the heart of the Aksumite Empire, was once considered one of the four greatest powers of the ancient world, alongside Rome, Persia, and China. Today, visitors are drawn to its towering, monolithic obelisks, ancient royal tombs, and the Church, the resting place of the biblical Ark of the Covenant. Further south, the city of Gondar showcases the architectural prowess of the 17th-century Solomonic dynasty. The Fasil Ghebbi royal enclosure features majestic castles, banqueting halls, and bathhouses that reflect a unique synthesis of Ethiopian architectural influences. Besides, the eleven rock-hewn churches, carved entirely out of solid volcanic tuff in the 12th century by King Lalibela, remain a masterclass in ancient engineering and spiritual devotion. As an active pilgrimage site, Lalibela offers tourists not just a view of ancient ruins, but an immersion into a living, breathing spiritual tradition that has remained virtually unchanged for centuries. Ethiopia’s prominent UNESCO World Heritage sites represent a rich ray of history, nature, and spirituality, starting with the iconic Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela. Classified as a cultural heritage site, this architectural marvel features breathtaking 12th-century monolithic churches carved directly out of volcanic rock, serving as a powerful magnet for spiritual tourism. Beyond these imperial and spiritual centers, the country boasts sites of profound scientific and natural significance. The Lower Valley of the Awash is a unique natural and cultural hybrid site famous globally as the discovery location of ancient hominid fossils like "Lucy," making it a premier destination for paleoanthropology and educational tourism. For nature lovers and adventure seekers, Simien National Park offers a purely natural escape characterized by dramatic, jagged mountain landscapes and rare, endemic wildlife, establishing itself as a world-class hub for trekking and wildlife photography. Finally, the cultural site of Harar Jugol captures the imagination as a historic, fortified Islamic city that offers deep cultural immersion and the famous, unique tradition of nighttime hyena feeding. Modern Paradigm Shift Since 2018, Ethiopia has pursued an aggressive and broad tourism transformation agenda that systematically combines infrastructure expansion, destination development, heritage restoration, and urban renewal. The government has recognized that passive promotion is no longer sufficient; active, structured destination development is required to unlock economic value. Tourism is now firmly entrenched as a strategic pillar of Ethiopia’s long-term macroeconomic development strategy. Globally, the Ethiopia travel and tourism sector is one of the most dynamic, resilient, and inclusive industries. The country’s reform agenda has aggressively targeted this metric, aiming to align its national outputs with global averages. The sector is proving its capacity to support diverse employment across hospitality, agriculture, transport, traditional handicrafts, and modern entertainment, creating broad-based economic linkages that benefit both urban centers and rural communities. Redefinition of Addis Ababa One of the most visible, striking, and immediate dimensions of Ethiopia's tourism transformation has been the radical redefinition of Addis Ababa. Historically viewed by many international travelers merely as a diplomatic hub or a mandatory transit layover en route to the historical north or the Omo Valley in the south, the capital is successfully evolving into a premier tourism destination in its own right. Developed within the previously highly restricted confines of the Grand National Palace complex, Unity Park represents a masterstroke of urban and historical tourism. The park has opened the doors of the nation’s royal and political history to the general public. It seamlessly combines state-of-the-art museums, meticulously manicured botanical gardens, restored heritage buildings and a modern zoo. Unity Park serves as a microcosm of Ethiopia, with pavilions dedicated to the diverse cultural regions of the country, allowing tourists to experience the breadth of the nation within the capital. Alongside historical restoration, urban greening has taken center stage. Friendship Park has miraculously transformed previously neglected, unused, and degraded urban land in the heart of the city into a sprawling, major green space designed for leisure, public gatherings, and cultural festivals. This is part of the broader "Beautifying Sheger" mega-project, which has reshaped large swaths of Addis Ababa through aggressive river restoration, the creation of green corridors, the construction of pedestrian walkways, and the development of recreational spaces. This not only drastically improves the environmental quality and public health of the city but significantly enhances its attractiveness to international visitors, expatriates, and foreign investors. Moreover, the Entoto Mountains have been transformed into Entoto Park, elevating eco-recreation tourism to new heights. Set within dense eucalyptus forests at high altitude, the park features world-class hiking trails, dedicated cycling routes, horseback riding, ziplining, archery ranges, and premium hospitality services, including luxury lodges and artisanal coffee shops. Entoto offers panoramic, breathtaking views of the sprawling metropolis below, providing an accessible escape to nature without leaving the city limits. Together, these monumental urban developments are successfully reshaping Addis Ababa, the capital city of the Ethiopia, into a destination capable of supporting longer tourist stays, thereby increasing per-capita tourist spending and boosting the local urban economy. "Dine for Nation" While the transformation of the capital has been spectacular, the Ethiopian government recognizes that true sustainable tourism must be decentralized. To this end, the highly innovative “Dine for Nation” initiative was launched to expand cutting-edge tourism development into remote and historically underfunded regional areas. Located on the northern shore of Lake Tana, the source of the Blue Nile and the largest lake in Ethiopia, Gorgora is being transformed into a world-class lakeside resort destination. Historically significant as an early capital of the Ethiopian empire before the rise of Gondar, Gorgora offers a mix of medieval monasteries, rich birdlife, and serene waterscapes. The new development projects are integrating luxury eco-lodges with community-based water sports and historical tours, breathing new economic life into the Amhara region. Similarly, situated in the Oromia region, Wonchi is a stunning, high-altitude crater lake surrounded by lush alpine vegetation, hot springs, and breathtaking valleys. Previously accessible only to the most determined off-road travelers, the Dine for Nation initiative is developing sustainable access roads, eco-friendly viewing platforms, and community-managed lodges. This development is meticulously designed to protect the fragile local ecosystem while opening it up to high-value, low-impact eco-tourism. In the deep southwest of Ethiopia, the Koysha project is perhaps the most ambitious. Set against the backdrop of the massive Koysha hydroelectric dam currently under construction on the Omo River, this initiative is creating an integrated eco-tourism and cultural destination in a region known for its incredible biodiversity and indigenous cultural richness. These projects are designed with a dual mandate. First, they aim to attract a new demographic of eco-tourists and luxury travelers. Second, and more importantly, they are vital tools for redistributing tourism-driven economic benefits. By stimulating regional macroeconomic growth, creating thousands of rural jobs in construction and hospitality, and tying economic value to the preservation of local environments, these projects strengthen national environmental conservation efforts. Intangible Culture Ethiopia’s tourism identity remains deeply rooted not just in its physical sites, but in its living, breathing cultural heritage. The nation's intangible cultural assets are massive draws for global visitors. Ethiopia's religious and cultural festivals are unparalleled in their scale and vibrancy. Timkat (Epiphany), Meskel (the finding of the True Cross), and Irreecha (the Oromo thanksgiving festival) draw tens of thousands of international visitors annually. These are not staged events for tourists, but profound, authentic expressions of local faith and culture. The government has been working to improve crowd management, visitor facilities, and digital broadcasting of these events to maximize their tourism potential while respecting their sanctity. As the undisputed birthplace of Coffea arabica, Ethiopia has an unmatched opportunity in the rapidly growing global market for culinary and agricultural tourism. Coffee is not just a crop; it is the lifeblood of the culture, epitomized by the traditional Ethiopian coffee ceremony. Initiatives are underway to develop "Coffee Routes" in the southern and western highlands including Kaffa, Yirgacheffe and Sidama, which are allowing tourists to trace the journey of coffee from the forest canopy to the cup, engaging with local farmers, and partaking in traditional roasting ceremonies. Being recognizant of the need to develop a bridge to connect the gap between ancient history and contemporary identity, the Ethiopian government has been investing heavily in modern museums. Located in the heart of Addis Ababa, this monumental facility commemorates the 1896 Battle of Adwa, where Ethiopian forces decisively defeated the invading Italian army, securing the nation's independence. It serves as a beacon of Pan-African pride and a major draw for diaspora and heritage tourists. This architectural marvel is a showcase to the commitment of Ethiopia to the future, focusing on technology, ecology, and innovation, adding a completely new dimension to the nation's cultural landscape. The Engine of Connectivity Ethiopian Airlines is the largest and most profitable airline in Africa. With a rapidly expanding network of more than 140 international destinations across five continents, the airline seamlessly connects Ethiopia to major global markets in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the rest of Africa. Bole International Airport brings millions of transit passengers through Addis Ababa each year. Another incredibly fast-growing segment is conference tourism. Addis Ababa is the unquestioned diplomatic capital of Africa, serving as the headquarters for the African Union (AU) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), alongside dozens of other international NGOs and embassies. Addis Ababa is increasingly positioned as a premier continental hub for meetings, summits, and massive exhibitions. Recent industry figures indicate that the country hosted more than 60 major international conferences within a recent nine-month period. This reflects a sharply rising demand for business tourism. The MICE segment is particularly valuable to the national economy because business travelers typically generate significantly higher daily visitor spending than leisure tourists. Furthermore, they support a wide, complex range of service industries, including high-end catering, translation services, corporate transport, and event management. Domestic Tourism Awakening For decades, the Ethiopian tourism sector was heavily skewed toward catering to international arrivals. However, a highly encouraging and strategic shift is currently underway: the rapid expansion of domestic tourism. Increasing numbers of Ethiopian families, university students, and young corporate professionals are traveling within their own borders to visit historical and cultural sites, the newly developed urban parks, and distant regional destinations. This growing internal movement is driven by an expanding middle class, improved road networks, and a concerted marketing effort to foster a sense of national pride and exploration. The strategic benefits of domestic tourism include economic stability, cultural cohesion, and year-round revenue. It provides a vital buffer against the volatility of international travel, which is highly susceptible to global pandemics, economic downturns, or geopolitical tensions. Internal travel strengthens cross-cultural awareness and social cohesion within a highly diverse, multi-ethnic nation. Sustainability and Data-Driven Development As the sector expands at a breakneck pace, sustainability has become increasingly central to Ethiopia's tourism transformation strategy. The government is acutely aware that unchecked tourism can lead to environmental degradation and the commodification of culture. To move away from guesswork and anecdotal planning, Ethiopia has developed a robust Tourism Satellite Account with the technical and financial support of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). This statistical framework aligns with UNWTO standards, radically improving data-driven planning. Inclusivity is also a major pillar of the new tourism policy. Community-based tourism initiatives are expected to grow significantly, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas like the Simien and Bale Mountains, and culturally sensitive areas like the Omo Valley. These initiatives guarantee that local, indigenous populations directly benefit from the influx of travelers. In conclusion, Ethiopia’s comparative advantage remains undeniably strong, built upon a rare, virtually impossible-to-replicate combination of immense historical depth, staggering geographic diversity, unparalleled continental aviation connectivity, and profound cultural richness. The country’s tourism story is therefore still unfolding. What is clearly emerging from the data, the infrastructure projects, and the policy shifts is not merely isolated sectoral growth, but a much broader, profound national transformation in exactly how Ethiopia presents itself to the world. Tourism is no longer a peripheral economic activity; it is increasingly becoming the strongest bridge between the country’s ancient, glorious identity and its modern, dynamic ambitions. By continuously investing in its heritage, protecting its natural landscapes, expanding its urban amenities, and empowering its local communities, Ethiopia is flawlessly positioning itself for a significantly more visible, highly competitive, and globally respected role in the international tourism landscape. The land of origins is finally claiming its rightful place as the destination of the future.

Op-ed by By Ayele Yimer June 18, 2026 (ENA) Egypt’s persistent efforts to secure external backing—most recently during the G7 summit in Evian, France—raise serious concerns about regional stability and African sovereignty. In a meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi pleaded for American intervention in the ongoing dispute with Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). While Egypt seeks to assert its hegemonic dominance over Nile waters, this approach reveals a deeper issue: Egypt’s failure to recognize its place within the African community and its continued reliance on colonial-era tactics that threaten regional unity. Egypt’s stance in the Nile water dispute is often characterized by a sense of entitlement and exceptionalism. Historically, Egyptian leaders have rarely considered themselves as part of the broader African fabric. Instead, they see themselves as a regional power capable of handling Africa in much the same way European colonizers once did—through divide-and-rule tactics that sow discord among neighboring nations. This approach is not only outdated but dangerous, as it undermines efforts toward regional cooperation and sustainable development. Egypt’s efforts to secure external support, whether from the U.S., France, or other global powers, are rooted in this colonial mindset—seeking outside intervention to bolster its unilateral claims rather than engaging in genuine African-led dialogue. This attitude is particularly troubling given Egypt’s own history of complicity in regional conflicts. The words of Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni are particularly relevant. Museveni has repeatedly emphasized that the Nile’s waters are within Africa’s borders and that Egypt’s ambitions to control the water resources are misguided. He famously advised Egypt to stop wandering beyond the continent in search of solutions and instead come to Africa’s table—through established frameworks like the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) and its framework agreement, which promote equitable and sustainable water sharing among Nile basin countries. Museveni’s call highlights the importance of regional ownership and cooperation, rather than reliance on external powers eager to exploit divisions for their strategic interests. Indeed, no amount of foreign aid or diplomatic pressure will quench Egypt’s water needs if it continues to pursue provocative rhetoric aimed at perpetuating division among Nile riparian nations. Such divisive tactics threaten the stability of the region and undermine efforts to develop a sustainable and cooperative approach to shared water resources. The solution lies not in external intervention but in African-led dialogue, trust-building, and adherence to regional frameworks like the NBI, which has already provided a platform for constructive negotiations among Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and other Nile countries. The equitable utilization of the Nile remains a fundamental principle upheld by all riparian states, particularly Ethiopia. Ethiopia firmly believes that the Nile is a shared natural resource that should benefit all member countries in a fair and reasonable manner. Guided by this conviction, Ethiopia constructed GERD not only to meet its developmental needs but also to promote shared growth and prosperity across the region. The country's commitment to collective advancement is demonstrated through its efforts to export electricity generated by GERD to neighboring nations, fostering regional integration, economic cooperation, and mutual prosperity. GERD stands as a symbol of Africa’s capacity to harness shared resources for common development and win-win partnerships. For decades, the countries of the Nile Basin have pursued dialogue and negotiations aimed at establishing a cooperative framework for the equitable and reasonable utilization of the Nile River. These efforts have been guided by the principles of shared development, mutual benefit, and respect for the legitimate interests of all riparian states. The vision underpinning these discussions is clear: to transform the Nile from a source of division into a catalyst for regional integration, economic growth, and collective prosperity for hundreds of millions of Africans who depend on its resources. However, attempts of Egypt to internationalize issues that can and should be resolved through African-led mechanisms run counter to the continent’s long-standing commitment to African solutions to African problems. By seeking to advance national positions through external actors rather than through constructive regional engagement, such approaches risk undermining the spirit of Pan-Africanism and African unity. At a time when Africa is striving to strengthen its voice, assert its strategic autonomy, and realize the aspirations of Agenda 2063 for a prosperous, integrated, and influential continent, it is imperative that disputes over shared resources be addressed through dialogue, cooperation, and African institutions that prioritize common interests over narrow agendas. The time has come for Egypt to recognize that the real solution to its water challenges resides within Africa. The continent possesses the water resources and the collective wisdom to manage them equitably. External powers may offer promises, but they cannot replace African unity, regional cooperation, and a shared commitment to sovereignty. As history has shown, division and reliance on outside powers only deepen conflicts and hinder sustainable development. The Nile’s waters belong to Africa—let us not allow external interests to drown out our collective voice and sovereignty. Instead, let us focus on strengthening African institutions, fostering regional dialogue, and implementing agreements that serve all Nile basin nations equitably. Only then can Africa truly harness its resources for sustainable growth and stability.   Source: The Pulse of Africa (ENA)

June 18, 2026 By Ahmed Hashim Ethiopian Diplomacy Diplomacy is not merely measured by the conventions signed within a capital, but by the historical weight that capital commands. For over a century, Addis Ababa has served as the political and spiritual anchor of African independence. As the only African nation to decisively defeat colonial ambition, Ethiopia’s sovereignty became the template for continental liberation. Today, this legacy has transitioned from anti-colonial resistance to a sophisticated, proactive diplomacy. In 2025 and moving into 2026, Ethiopia has firmly consolidated its status as the diplomatic capital of Africa. Guided by systemic Pan-African ideals, institutional reforms, and a foreign policy rooted in shared prosperity and sovereign equality, the nation has emerged as the indispensable arena for rewriting the global African narrative. A Nexus for Global Deliberation The sheer volume of high-level engagement over the past eighteen months underscores Addis Ababa's unrivaled convening power. Between 2025 and the first half of 2026, Ethiopia successfully hosted hundreds of continental and international forums, summits, and high-level ministerial conferences. These were not merely administrative gatherings; they were strategic flashpoints where global policies were recalibrated: Narrative Sovereignty: From African Union (AU) extraordinary sessions to global tech exhibitions, climate resilience forums, and international media summits, Addis Ababa proved it is the definitive space where Africa speaks to the world on its own terms. A Concourse of Leaders: The city has witnessed a steady procession of heads of state, global tech pioneers, and international financial leaders. These visits went beyond routine statecraft, serving as platforms to deliberate on regional integration, structural economic shifts, and peace architectures.   Pan-Africanism, Equity, and Shared Growth Ethiopia’s contemporary diplomatic doctrine is built upon three foundational pillars that challenge traditional, zero-sum geopolitical calculations: Non-Zero-Sum Pan-Africanism: Ethiopia’s foreign policy is anchored in the belief that its national development is inextricably linked to the progress of the African continent. This manifests in its strong advocacy for institutionalizing Pan-African institutions, standardizing African regional value chains, and providing structural platforms for African voices to challenge legacy global financial systems. Shared Prosperity ("Medemer" in Regional Application): The principle of symbiotic growth guides Ethiopia’s cross-border infrastructure initiatives. Recognizing that political diplomacy is hollow without economic integration, Ethiopia has positioned itself as the clean energy powerhouse of East Africa. By exporting hydroelectric power to its neighbors (including Kenya, Djibouti, and Sudan) and integrating regional transport corridors, the nation treats infrastructure as a shared continental asset rather than a tool of leverage. Equity and Sovereign Equality: In global forums, Ethiopian diplomacy actively counters structural imbalances where African nations are treated as peripheral actors. By championing the concept of Isothymia—the demand for equal recognition and dignity among nations—Ethiopia has consistently advocated for Africa’s permanent representation on the UN Security Council and for a more equitable distribution of voting powers within the IMF and World Bank. A Beacon of Regional Stability: The Horn of Africa is a region of immense strategic value but complex geopolitical dynamics. Within this landscape, Ethiopia has established itself as a stabilizing anchor through several key modalities: Pioneering Homegrown Peace Processes: By demonstrating that complex, internal and regional challenges can be resolved through authentic national mechanisms and African mediation, Ethiopia has provided a working blueprint for other nations navigating political transitions. The Paradigm of Joint Progress: Rather than pursuing isolationist security policies, Ethiopia’s defense and diplomatic strategies are structured around collective security. The country remains one of the primary historical and contemporary contributors to African Union and UN peacekeeping missions, illustrating a willingness to invest material and human capital in regional peace Ethiopia's Diplomacy The Horizon of African Diplomacy: A Blueprint for Tomorrow As the continent navigates an increasingly fragmented multipolar world, Ethiopia stands as the vanguard of African diplomatic agency. The future of this diplomacy is defined by three emerging horizons: Digital and Narrative Sovereignty Through hosting major continent-wide youth summits, tech exhibitions, and influencer forums, Ethiopia is actively empowering the next generation of African storytellers. The message is clear: Africa will no longer let external actors dictate its internal realities. The Capital of Multilateralism Addis Ababa is evolving beyond its identity as the headquarters of the African Union and the UNECA. It is transforming into a global laboratory where Southern-led paradigms of economic development, climate adaptation, and trade diversification are actively designed and implemented. Strategic Agency in a Multipolar World As a crucial bridge between traditional international bodies and emerging global alliances, Ethiopia ensures that African interests are not caught in the crossfire of geopolitical rivalries, but are instead integrated into the foundational architecture of the new global order. Global Statesmanship in Action: High-Profile Influx and Strategic Alliances The physical manifestation of Ethiopia’s elevated diplomatic leverage is best observed through the historic influx of global leaders, institutional heads, and international delegations to Addis Ababa throughout 2025 and 2026. Far from being ceremonial state visits, these high-level engagements have served as active working sessions to design new frameworks for trade, continental security, and multilateral governance. Ethiopia's Diplomacy Heads of state from across the African Union—including key regional leaders from East Africa, West Africa, and the Maghreb—convened in the capital. These visits solidified unified African positions on global platforms, moving beyond fragmented regional blocks toward a single, cohesive continental voice. Following its strategic integration into expanded global coalitions, Ethiopia hosted senior delegations from major emerging economies and global powers. These visits solidified key infrastructure partnerships, technology transfer frameworks, and alternative financing agreements that completely bypass traditional, restrictive development models. Directors and executives from the United Nations, and international financial institutions traveled to Addis Ababa. Rather than dictating structural adjustments, these entities engaged in critical dialogues reframing how climate finance and economic development should be managed equitably in Sub-Saharan Africa. These engagements underscore a critical shift in global statecraft: leaders are no longer just visiting Ethiopia to maintain traditional diplomatic ties; they are arriving to secure strategic partnerships. By positioning itself as an accessible, neutral, and ideologically grounded anchor, Ethiopia has converted these state visits into long-term diplomatic dividends—proving that the road to addressing African challenges and opportunities invariably passes through Addis Ababa. The Indispensable Capital Ethiopia’s trajectory over 2025 and 2026 confirms that it is not merely a venue for diplomacy, but its primary engine on the continent. By fusing historic prestige with a dynamic, forward-looking foreign policy, the nation serves as a reminder that Africa is a major stakeholder in the global arena. As Addis Ababa continues to host the world and mediate the future, it solidifies its eternal promise: to remain the ultimate guardian of Pan-African dignity, unity, and shared human progress.

By Selamawit T. Addis Ababa, June 17, 2026 (ENA) —For generations, political power in many parts of Africa was too often shaped by conflict, instability, and the force of arms. On June 1, Ethiopia offered a different story—one written not with bullets, but with ballots. Ethiopia’s 7th General Election was far more than a national vote. It became one of Africa’s most significant democratic exercises, demonstrating how African nations and institutions are increasingly working together to strengthen democratic governance, promote accountability, and build public trust in electoral processes. Across the country, more than 54 million registered voters were called to participate in a historic decision about their future. From bustling cities to remote rural communities, Ethiopians embraced the ballot box as the legitimate path to political change, signaling a growing determination to leave behind decades of political confrontation and embrace democratic competition. Yet this was not only Ethiopia’s story. It was also a story of African partnership. As one of the continent’s largest elections, the process attracted extensive engagement from African institutions committed to supporting credible democratic transitions. The African Union (AU) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) deployed high-level election observation missions, reflecting a powerful shift toward African-led democratic oversight and continental responsibility. The AU mission was led by former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, while the IGAD delegation was headed by former Ugandan Vice President Speciosa Wandira-Kazibwe. Drawing upon established continental democratic frameworks, both missions observed the process closely and recognized the peaceful conduct of the election, its inclusiveness, and the progress made in strengthening electoral institutions. Their presence carried a deeper message: Africa is increasingly taking ownership of its democratic future. Behind the election stood years of institutional reform and innovation. Ethiopia introduced new technologies that modernized one of the most complex electoral operations on the continent. Through the locally developed "Mirchaye" ("My Election") digital platform, voter registration became more efficient and accessible, while tablet-based systems improved election administration and data management across thousands of polling locations. These innovations were not merely technical upgrades. They represented a broader effort to build public confidence, improve transparency, and strengthen the integrity of democratic institutions. The election also marked a milestone in political participation. For the first time in Ethiopia’s history, the National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE), organized nationwide televised political debates. Conducted in five languages and involving dozens of political parties, the debates gave citizens unprecedented access to competing ideas, policies, and visions for the country's future. This expansion of democratic dialogue reflected an important evolution in Ethiopia's political culture; one that increasingly values persuasion over polarization and debate over division. Transparency became another defining feature of the election. More than 220,000 party representatives, over 1,800 journalists, and numerous domestic and international observers monitored the process. Civic education programs, electoral silence regulations, and strengthened complaint-handling mechanisms further reinforced public confidence and electoral credibility. The significance of the election resonated well beyond Africa. International partners, including the European Union and several diplomatic missions, welcomed the conduct of the polls and acknowledged the extensive efforts undertaken to improve electoral administration and democratic participation. Ultimately, Ethiopia's 7th General Election became more than a vote. It emerged as a symbol of democratic resilience, institutional transformation, and Pan-African cooperation. At a time when democratic systems around the world face growing pressure from polarization, conflict, and declining trust, Ethiopia's experience offered a different narrative—one centered on reform, participation, innovation, and partnership. Most importantly, it demonstrated that Africa is no longer merely a subject of conversations about democracy. Increasingly, Africa is becoming an author of its own democratic story. Today, as Ethiopians eagerly await the final outcomes of the electoral process and the formation of a new government in the coming Ethiopian New Year, there is a growing sense that the election has already achieved something significant. It has reinforced faith in democratic institutions, strengthened the culture of peaceful political competition, and shown that the future of governance can be shaped through the power of citizens' votes rather than the force of conflict. In that sense, Ethiopia's democratic leap is not only a national milestone. It is a victory for Africa's democratic future.

By Tewodros Habenom Addis Ababa, June 16, 2026 The Horn of Africa stands at a critical historical crossroads, caught between Ethiopia’s genuine national determination to consolidate peace and rebuild the country, and persistent efforts by hardline actors and regional interventionists that are once again pushing the region toward abyss of war. Since the signing of the Pretoria Peace Agreement that successfully halted the devastating two-year Northern Ethiopia war, complex dynamics have emerged increasingly, shaping the political landscape day by day. The federal government’s efforts have stood out as a fundamental pillar of stability, while counter-movements led by elements of the dissolved Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), supported by regional entanglements, seek to prolong the conflict. Start of the Path to Peace In November 2022, Ethiopians and the international community welcomed the signing of the Pretoria Agreement, which brought the conflict to a halt and opened a window of hope for Tigray’s recovery. From that pivotal moment onward, the Ethiopian federal government adopted a policy committed to peace, rehabilitation and reconstruction. The government translated this commitment into tangible actions, including the delivery of humanitarian assistance, the allocation of substantial reconstruction budgets, and the establishment of an interim regional administration to facilitate the political transition process. This positive approach was appreciated by the founding member and former chairman of the Front, Aregawi Berhe, who stated that the leadership of the defunct party has never been prepared for any form of sustainable peace. Rather, it viewed Pretoria as an opportunity to avoid total defeat, regroup its ranks, buy time to pursue its sinister intentions, and rebuild its military capabilities. Old Bad Habits Die Hard The hardline faction within the dissolved Front treated the Pretoria Agreement as merely a temporary truce. This is reflected in its dangerous practices aimed at compensating for manpower shortages and declining public support. Multiple reports indicate that the group resorted to forced recruitment, including the conscription of minors as young as 13 and 14 years old. By April 2026, this escalatory path had taken institutional character as hardline elements dismantled the legitimate interim regional administration and announced the formation of a “self-administration” and local parliaments lacking any legal mandate in an attempt to evade accountability and impose a unilateral political and military reality. In this context, the former Head of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Tigray Interim Administration, Professor Kindeya Gebrehiwot, warned of the depth of the crisis. He stated that the remnants of TPLF were pursuing a disastrous course that could return northern Ethiopia to a destructive cycle of conflict by illegally overthrowing the interim regional administration. Professor Kindeya praised the “utmost patience” and high level of responsibility demonstrated by the federal government in preserving and protecting the peace process from collapse. At the same time, he pointed to the growing awareness among the people of Tigray and the increasing popular resistance within the region against any attempts to drag it back into the flames of war. Cross-Border Interference and the Expansion of Conflict The escalation has not been confined to internal developments. It has extended to direct regional involvement by actors seeking to reshape the balance of power in the Horn of Africa. Intelligence reports and international monitoring sources, including a report by Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)—widely regarded as one of the world’s most reliable sources of conflict information—revealed that disputed areas such as Wolkait have become active flashpoints through cross-border coordination. Available information indicates that regional actors have provided logistical and operational support to forces affiliated with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front. This support became evident when the city of Port Sudan hosted a conference in mid-May 2026 that announced the formation of the “Tsimdo” alliance, which includes the dissolved Front and other rebel groups, including factions of the insurgent Fano militia. This development coincides with previous statements by Ethiopia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs against the Sudanese Armed Forces for violating Ethiopia’s sovereignty and for utilizing and arming elements linked to the Tigray People’s Liberation Front to participate in the Sudanese conflict, thereby facilitating their movements along Ethiopia’s western border. Warnings of Return to War In assessing these developments, both Getachew Reda, East African Affairs Adviser to the Prime Minister and former President of Tigray Interim Administration, and Redwan Hussein, National Intelligence Service Director-General, sounded the alarm over the possibility of renewed conflict. In a joint analytical article published on Al Jazeera’s website, the two officials clearly warned that hardline elements within the Tigray People’s Liberation Front were exploiting the Pretoria Agreement as a tactical cover to gain time, reorganize their ranks, and prepare for new attacks against the federal government in the coming period. The article revealed the dimensions of complex alliances being forged against the path of stability, asserting that attempts by the dissolved Front to ignite a new round of conflict are receiving direct support and incitement from Eritrea and other neighboring states. These efforts have also extended to tactical relations with Fano militias in the Amhara region, reflecting a convergence of interests aimed at keeping Ethiopia in a state of perpetual attrition and undermining any opportunity for recovery. The Worrisome Silence Amid this complex environment, a political response emerged in the form of the establishment of the “Tigray Council for Peace and Change” by opposition political and military forces and factions that broke away from the Front. This coalition enjoys support from the people of Tigray and the international community and is viewed as a political alternative seeking to end the dominance of the defunct Tigray People’s Liberation Front while advancing a path based on peace, the will for change, and the rejection of a return to war. Despite these efforts, the greatest challenge remains the international position. International silence regarding forced recruitment, militarization, and regional interference is seen as a factor that encourages hardline actors to continue escalating tensions. This context underscores that Ethiopia’s stability is inseparable from the stability of the entire Horn of Africa, and that safeguarding the gains of peace requires a firmer international stance that exerts pressure on those obstructing the Pretoria Agreement and their supporters in order to prevent the region from sliding back into war once again.

By Staff Writer Addis Ababa, June 16, 2026 (ENA) — The second week of June offered a snapshot of a rapidly changing world. A breakthrough agreement between the United States and Iran raised hopes for easing tensions in the Middle East, even as the war in Ukraine intensified, a new Ebola outbreak emerged in Central Africa and extreme heat swept across parts of Europe. Together, the developments underscored the growing challenge facing governments as geopolitical, health and climate risks increasingly intersect. While diplomacy delivered encouraging news in one of the world's most sensitive regions, conflicts, environmental pressures and public health threats continued to test the resilience of nations and international institutions. The week's events served as a reminder that in today's interconnected world, progress and peril often unfold side by side. US-Iran Agreement Opens Diplomatic Window The week's most significant diplomatic development came from the Middle East, where the United States and Iran announced a breakthrough agreement aimed at reducing tensions after months of confrontation. The agreement, expected to be formally signed in Switzerland, includes measures to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and ease restrictions affecting maritime trade and regional commerce. The announcement was welcomed by global markets, with energy prices falling amid expectations of improved stability in one of the world's most strategically important regions. Analysts , described the agreement as a major step toward reducing military tensions and restoring dialogue. The breakthrough has generated cautious optimism among diplomats and international observers. However, questions remain regarding implementation, particularly as Washington and Tehran continue to offer differing interpretations of certain provisions. Analysts note that while the agreement represents a significant diplomatic achievement, long-term stability will ultimately depend on whether it addresses deeper security concerns and longstanding regional rivalries that have shaped relations for decades. Ukraine Conflict Reaches More Destructive Phase While diplomatic progress emerged in the Middle East, the conflict in Ukraine moved in the opposite direction. United Nations officials described recent weeks as among the deadliest since the war began, with intensified missile and drone attacks causing extensive damage to civilian infrastructure, energy facilities and transportation networks. The escalating violence has increased humanitarian pressures, displaced additional civilians and further complicated efforts to revive economic activity in affected areas. Despite ongoing diplomatic contacts, prospects for a negotiated settlement remain limited. Beyond Ukraine itself, the conflict continues to affect global food markets, energy supplies and broader international stability, highlighting the far-reaching consequences of prolonged warfare in an interconnected world. Ebola Outbreak Revives Health Security Concerns Public health officials also faced renewed challenges during the week following reports of a new Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The outbreak involves the relatively rare strain, prompting health authorities to rapidly activate surveillance systems, contact tracing operations and public awareness campaigns aimed at preventing wider transmission. Medical experts have noted that the outbreak presents additional challenges because vaccines and treatment approaches for this strain have been studied less extensively than those for more common Ebola variants. The development has reignited discussions about global health preparedness and the need to strengthen healthcare systems, particularly in vulnerable regions where limited resources can complicate emergency responses. Years after the COVID-19 pandemic transformed international approaches to public health, the outbreak serves as a reminder that infectious diseases remain a persistent global concern. Europe Faces Early Climate ShockClimate-related challenges also remained high on the international agenda as Europe experienced one of its earliest and most intense heatwaves in recent memory. Record temperatures triggered health alerts across multiple countries, placed pressure on electricity systems and increased concerns about water shortages, agricultural productivity and wildfire risks. Vulnerable populations, particularly elderly citizens and individuals with underlying health conditions, faced heightened exposure to heat-related illnesses. Scientists have repeatedly warned that Europe is warming faster than any other continent. The effects are increasingly visible through prolonged droughts, declining river levels, disruptions to transportation networks and mounting pressure on food production systems. For climate experts, the heatwave represents not an isolated event but part of a broader pattern of environmental change that is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore. Strategic Competition Continues Beyond the Battlefield Alongside the week's immediate crises, broader shifts in global power dynamics continued to shape international affairs. Competition among major powers is increasingly extending beyond traditional military rivalries into areas such as artificial intelligence, semiconductor production, critical minerals, advanced manufacturing and strategic supply chains. Governments across North America, Europe and Asia are investing heavily in technological innovation and economic resilience, viewing these sectors as essential components of national security and long-term competitiveness. At the same time, prolonged conflicts and geopolitical uncertainty have intensified debates over defense spending, military readiness and strategic priorities as countries seek to adapt to a rapidly changing international environment. The evolving nature of competition suggests that influence in the twenty-first century will be determined not only by military capabilities but also by technological leadership, economic strength and control over critical resources. A World Managing Multiple Risks As the week concluded, the international landscape reflected both cautious optimism and persistent uncertainty. The emerging agreement between the United States and Iran demonstrated that diplomacy remains capable of reducing tensions even in deeply complex disputes. Yet the continuing war in Ukraine, the Ebola outbreak in Central Africa and escalating climate pressures in Europe underscored the scale of the challenges that remain. More importantly, the week's developments highlighted a defining reality of contemporary international affairs: security can no longer be viewed solely through the lens of war and peace. Public health, climate resilience, technological competitiveness, energy security and diplomacy have become deeply interconnected pillars of global stability. For governments around the world, the challenge is no longer responding to a single crisis at a time. It is managing several simultaneously in an era where events in one region can quickly reverberate across continents. That reality may well define global affairs for years to come.

From The Pulse of Africa (POA) Addis Ababa, June 14, 2026 (ENA) —The Amharic proverb "ጅራፍ ራሱ ገርፎ ራሱ ይጮኻል" (the whip cracks and cries out, though it inflicted the blow) perfectly encapsulates the current political posture of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). Months after signing the Agreement for Lasting Peace through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities (CoHA) in Pretoria, South Africa, a stark contrast has emerged. While the Federal Government of Ethiopia has consistently taken monumental steps toward reconstruction, reconciliation, and integration, the TPLF has reverted to a dangerous pattern of non-compliance, destabilization, and external collusion—all while maintaining a narrative of victimhood before the international community. To understand the fragility of the peace process, the global community must look beyond the rhetoric and examine the specific, documented violations of the Pretoria Agreement committed by the TPLF, contrasted with the federal government’s commitment to peace. Systemic Violations of the Pretoria Agreement The Pretoria Agreement provided a clear, legal roadmap for restoring constitutional order and ensuring security. However, the TPLF has systematically breached key clauses of the accord. The Illegal Maintenance of the "Tigray Defense Forces" (TDF) Article 6 (Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration) explicitly dictates that there shall be only one defense force in Ethiopia. It mandates the complete disarmament of TPLF combatants, recognizing that maintaining a parallel regional army is a direct threat to national sovereignty. The TPLF continues to recruit, organize, and parade under the banner of the "TDF"—an entity that has no legal existence under the Ethiopian Constitution or the Pretoria Agreement. When the federal government takes necessary security measures to protect territorial integrity, the TPLF cries foul, claiming its "forces" are being targeted. It begs the question: Why does an illegal parallel army exist in the first place if the TPLF is committed to peace? Collusion with Extremists and Sovereign Subversion Article 3 (Principles) commits both parties to respect the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and unity of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Furthermore, Article 9 prohibits any asymmetric alliances with external or internal forces hostile to the constitutional order. Instead of operating within the national framework, the TPLF has actively sought clandestine relationships with foreign actors and formed unholy alliances with domestic extremist and terrorist networks. By aligning with radical elements aiming to destabilize the central government, the TPLF has directly violated its pledge to uphold the constitutional order, choosing instead to use external leverage to intimidate the state. Obstructing the Return of IDPs and Weaponizing Displaced Populations Article 10 (Transient Measures) focuses on creating a conducive environment for the peaceful return of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and ensuring local administrative rehabilitation. In its own official communiqués and regional administrative decisions, the TPLF has consistently obstructed the structured, peaceful return of IDPs. Rather than cooperating with federal agencies to safely resettle citizens, the group has weaponized the plight of displaced populations to score political points and alter demographic realities on the ground, effectively blocking the implementation of Article 10. Rejection and Sabotage of the Interim Administration Article 10 also outlines the establishment of an inclusive Interim Regional Administration (IRA) until elections can be held under the National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE). Rather than fostering an inclusive administration focused on rehabilitation, internal power struggles within the TPLF have led to attempts to hijack, alter, or dismantle the IRA by force and political coercion. The group’s refusal to respect the boundaries of the interim institutional setup has paralyzed local governance and delayed the delivery of crucial public services to the people of Tigray. The Federal Government’s Unwavering Commitment to Peace While the TPLF has engaged in obstructionism, the Federal Government of Ethiopia has gone above and beyond its obligations under the Pretoria Agreement to heal the region and reintegrate Tigray into the national fabric. Rapid Infrastructure and Utility Restoration Immediately following the signing of the agreement, the federal government mobilized billions of birr to restore vital services. Telecom & Electricity: Ethiopian Electric Power and Ethio Telecom fully repaired thousands of kilometers of damaged fiber-optic cables and high-voltage grids, restoring connectivity and electricity to Mekelle and surrounding towns within weeks. Banking & Aviation: Commercial banking services were re-established, injecting liquidity back into the local economy. Ethiopian Airlines immediately resumed regular commercial flights to Mekelle and Shire, reconnecting the region to the world. Inclusivity via "Dine for Generation" (Gebeta LeHager) The federal government’s vision for Tigray is not merely rehabilitation, but shared prosperity. Under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s Gebeta LeHager (Dine for Generation) initiative, the spectacular landscape of Gheralta was selected as a flagship national tourism project. This multi-billion-birr project is designed to generate thousands of local jobs, boost the hospitality sector, and position Tigray as a premier global destination. Shamefully, TPLF’s localized hostility and security provocations have repeatedly disrupted and slowed down the realization of this massive developmental gift to the people of Tigray. Shifting Rhetoric: The Contradiction Exposed The international community needs to recall the spirit of cooperation that initially followed the agreement, as captured in the widely publicized joint op-ed written by IRA President Getachew Reda and Ambassador Redwan Hussein published on outlets like Al Jazeera. In their extensive writings, both leaders emphasized that the Pretoria Agreement was a triumph of "African solutions to African problems." They jointly affirmed that the war had ended, that there was no alternative to peace, and that both the federal government and the regional leadership were bound to a single destiny under one sovereign sky. Today, the TPLF’s actions completely contradict the very principles Getachew Reda championed alongside federal officials. While their joint statements called for a departure from the politics of confrontation, the TPLF’s current actions—refusing to fully disarm, retaining heavy weaponry, and issuing hostile regional decrees—betray the very text and spirit of the peace deal they signed. The Path Forward: Choosing Legitimacy over Illegality The international community must look past the TPLF's well-oiled grievance machinery. The facts remain clear: the Federal Government of Ethiopia has kept its doors firmly open for peace, dialogue, and constitutional engagement. Currently, the TPLF operates outside the legal framework of the country. Following its armed rebellion, its legal registration was revoked by the National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE). Legally speaking, it is an unrecognized organization operating within the state. Despite this immense constitutional anomaly, the federal government has chosen the path of patience and magnanimity. As Ethiopia undergoes a historic National Dialogue process, the political space remains open. The federal government welcomes all factions to lay down their arms, abandon illegal structures, and bring their ideas to the table through peaceful, democratic, and legal channels. The prolonged suffering of the people of Tigray can only end when their purported leaders abandon the archaic cycle of war, provocation, and victimhood. The people of Tigray deserve schools, hospitals, and the economic boom—not a restructured militia or perpetual isolation. The TPLF must stop playing the victim while wielding the whip of destabilization. True peace requires the courage to disarm, the honesty to respect agreements, and the wisdom to walk through the open door of national reconciliation.

Addis Ababa, June 14, 2026 (ENA) —Some weeks pass quietly through the life of a nation. Others reveal its direction. The week that has just concluded was undoubtedly one of the latter. From Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's call for accelerated digital transformation and environmental stewardship to the unveiling of Ethiopia's largest-ever federal budget, from significant progress in the National Dialogue process to growing international recognition of Ethiopia's economic reforms, the week reflected a nation steadily advancing toward ambitious goals while navigating complex political and regional realities. At its core, the week was about confidence—confidence in reform, confidence in institutions, and confidence in Ethiopia's future. Building the Future: People, Technology, and the Environment The week opened with two important messages from Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed that captured the essence of Ethiopia's long-term development vision. The first centered on technology and innovation. Celebrating the achievement of five million Ethiopians trained through the Ethiopian Coders Initiative, the Prime Minister highlighted digital transformation as a cornerstone of the country's future.   Beyond the impressive numbers, the initiative reflects Ethiopia's commitment to equipping its young population with the skills needed to compete in an increasingly digital and innovation-driven global economy. The second message focused on environmental sustainability. Prime Minister Abiy announced that more than eight billion seedlings have been prepared for this year's Green Legacy planting season, reinforcing Ethiopia's commitment to environmental restoration and climate resilience. What began as a nationwide tree-planting campaign has evolved into one of Africa's most ambitious environmental initiatives, attracting international attention while helping combat land degradation and climate-related challenges.   Together, these two initiatives illustrate a broader national vision: investing simultaneously in the future of Ethiopia's people and the future of its land. Record Federal Budget Signals Economic Confidence The defining story of the week was the presentation of Ethiopia's draft federal budget for the upcoming fiscal year, the largest in the country's history. Presenting the budget to Parliament, Finance Minister Ahmed Shide described an economy undergoing significant transformation. According to the minister, coordinated macroeconomic reforms have helped sustain robust economic growth while significantly reducing inflation from previous highs. The proposed budget represents more than a financial plan; it serves as a statement of confidence in Ethiopia's reform trajectory. Designed to consolidate recent achievements, the budget prioritizes infrastructure development, social services, productive sectors, and macroeconomic stability. It reflects the government's determination to sustain growth while expanding opportunities for citizens across the country.   At a time when many developing economies continue to grapple with inflationary pressures, debt burdens, and external shocks, Ethiopia's ability to propose a substantially expanded budget while maintaining a focus on economic stability stands out as a noteworthy achievement. Democratic Institutions Continue to Mature The week also brought encouraging developments regarding Ethiopia's democratic evolution. President Taye Atske Selassie emphasized that the peaceful conduct and active participation of citizens in the country's Seventh General Election have strengthened the foundations of democratic governance and nation-state building.   Equally significant was the progress reported by the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission. Following extensive consultations across the country, preparations for the National Dialogue have entered their final stage, with the nationwide forum scheduled to commence on July 15. For many Ethiopians, the National Dialogue represents one of the most important political initiatives in recent history—a platform designed to address long-standing national questions through dialogue rather than confrontation. The upcoming forum is therefore expected to mark another major milestone in Ethiopia's pursuit of lasting peace, national consensus, and political stability.   Peace and Stability Remain National Priorities Peace and security continued to feature prominently in national discussions throughout the week. In an interview with ENA, former TPLF Chairman Aregawi Berhe argued that the Federal Government's peace initiatives in Tigray region were not reciprocated and were instead exploited by elements within the defunct TPLF leadership to reorganize politically and militarily. Similarly, Professor Kindeya Gebrehiwot, Head of the Cabinet Secretariat of the first Tigray Interim Regional Administration, warned that recent developments pose a serious threat to the region's fragile recovery process. Speaking to ENA, Professor Kindeya asserted that a belligerent faction within the divided TPLF is actively pursuing actions that could drag northern Ethiopia back into conflict. He described the group as a "criminal faction" that unlawfully displaced the Interim Regional Administration and continues to obstruct efforts aimed at implementing the Pretoria Peace Agreement and restoring constitutional order.   According to the professor, the faction has consistently worked to undermine peace implementation and disrupt the post-conflict recovery process in Tigray. Beyond internal peacebuilding efforts, Ethiopia also adopted a new Integrated Border Management Roadmap aimed at strengthening border governance, improving institutional coordination, facilitating legal trade and movement, and addressing security concerns. In an increasingly interconnected region, effective border management is both a security necessity and a development imperative. Sea Access and Regional Cooperation Ethiopia's pursuit of sustainable sea access also remained a subject of significant discussion during the week. Experts and scholars emphasized that sea access should not be viewed as a source of regional tension but rather as an opportunity for enhanced cooperation, trade, and shared prosperity throughout the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia’s sovereign access to the sea would foster economic, political, and security cooperation in the region, Kenea Yadeta, Security Advisor to the Prime Minister with the rank of State Minister told ENA. According to him, Ethiopia’s quest for access to sea is, first and foremost, a matter of sovereignty. He noted that Ethiopia has already securitized the issue of lack of sea access, emphasizing that it holds historical and legal grounds to pursue the route to the sea. “Access to sea, in the Ethiopian context, is fundamentally an issue of sovereignty. And the country in fact has all the historical and legal justification to sovereign access to sea.”   Analysts argued that reliable maritime access would benefit not only Ethiopia but also neighboring countries by expanding economic integration, connectivity, and regional development. These discussions reinforced Ethiopia's consistent position that strategic national interests should be pursued through dialogue, mutual benefit, and peaceful engagement. Investing in Human Development Progress was equally visible in the social sector. A major healthcare partnership between Ethiopia and a leading Indian healthcare group was announced during the week, with the goal of expanding specialized medical services and strengthening the country's healthcare system. The initiative is expected to improve access to advanced treatment while contributing to the broader modernization of healthcare delivery nationwide. Meanwhile, a scholar from Harvard University praised Addis Ababa's early childhood development initiatives and urban corridor projects, offering international recognition of efforts to improve public spaces and enhance quality of life for residents. Across the capital, corridor development projects continue to serve as visible symbols of Ethiopia's urban transformation agenda. A Week Defined by Momentum Viewed individually, each development tells an important story. Together, they reveal something larger. A government preparing the largest budget in its history. Millions of citizens gaining digital skills. An ambitious environmental restoration campaign. Democratic institutions continuing to mature. A National Dialogue approaching a decisive stage. Expanding international partnerships. New healthcare investments. And a growing emphasis on regional integration and economic cooperation. Challenges undoubtedly remain, as they do for every developing nation. Yet the events of the week suggest a country increasingly focused on long-term transformation rather than short-term uncertainty. If there was one theme connecting the week's developments, it was momentum. And for Ethiopia, momentum may be among its most valuable assets as it continues its journey toward prosperity, stability, and national renewal.

Op-ed by Neway Tamiru Addis Ababa, June 14, 2026 The Horn of Africa is entering a new and increasingly volatile chapter in its security history. Long characterized by political rivalries, armed conflicts, and geopolitical competition, the region now faces a more complex and dangerous challenge: the convergence of actors whose interests increasingly align around destabilizing Ethiopia and reshaping the regional balance of power. What were once separate conflicts and isolated security threats are gradually merging into a broader network of interconnected actors, agendas, and strategic calculations. At the center of growing concern is the emerging nexus linking the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the Eritrean regime, and the Somalia-based terrorist organization Al-Shabaab. While these actors differ in ideology, structure, and objectives, mounting reports and intelligence assessments suggest that their interests are increasingly intersecting in ways that threaten regional stability. Compounding these concerns is the role of external powers seeking to advance their evil interests in the Horn. Among them, Egypt has been always viewed through the lens of its longstanding dispute with Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and broader geopolitical competition in the Red Sea basin. The implications extend far beyond Ethiopia. The Horn of Africa sits at the crossroads of Africa, the Middle East, and major global trade routes. Any sustained destabilization of the region risks undermining economic integration, disrupting maritime security, fueling displacement, and weakening already fragile state institutions. Understanding the evolving relationships among these actors is therefore not merely a matter of Ethiopian national security. It is a regional imperative. As geopolitical competition intensifies and non-state armed groups forge new alliances, the future stability of the Horn may depend on the ability of governments and regional organizations to confront these interconnected threats before they become entrenched. The Horn's Evolving Security Landscape The security environment across the Horn of Africa has become increasingly interconnected. Conflicts that once remained confined within national borders now generate ripple effects across the region, influencing migration flows, trade corridors, diplomatic relations, and security cooperation. Sudan's ongoing conflict, political transitions in neighboring countries, unresolved security concerns in northern Ethiopia, and growing competition for influence along the Red Sea have collectively created a highly sensitive geopolitical environment. In such circumstances, instability in one state rapidly becomes a concern for all. For Ethiopia, these developments are viewed not as isolated challenges but as components of a broader strategic contest. Policymakers increasingly perceive coordinated efforts by hostile actors to exploit regional vulnerabilities and obstruct Ethiopia's ambitions regarding the Abay River, Red Sea access, and regional economic integration. Many analysts argue that sustainable peace in the Horn will require more than military responses. It will demand enhanced regional cooperation, stronger diplomatic engagement, and collective mechanisms capable of addressing shared security and development challenges. TPLF: From Political Movement to Armed Destabilizing Force Critics argue that the Tigray People's Liberation Front has undergone a profound transformation from a conventional political organization into an armed actor increasingly dependent on coercion, militarization, and intimidation to pursue its objectives. Among the most serious allegations are reports of forced recruitment campaigns targeting young people across parts of the Tigray region. Families have reportedly faced pressure to surrender their children for military training and deployment. If verified, such practices would represent grave violations of human rights and reflect tactics commonly associated with extremist and insurgent organizations. The organization has also been accused of undermining public institutions, disrupting governance structures, and weaponizing civilian infrastructure to preserve its influence. Rather than contributing to post-conflict reconstruction, critics contend that the TPLF continues to foster instability and maintain a climate of insecurity. Security assessments have further linked TPLF networks to illicit activities, including contraband trafficking, illegal arms transfers, and underground financial operations. Such activities enable armed structures to function outside legitimate state authority while contributing to wider regional insecurity. Particularly alarming are reports regarding the emergence of the so-called "Tsimdo Alliance," involving elements associated with the TPLF, Eritrean actors, and factions linked to the Sudanese conflict. Critics argue that such cooperation demonstrates a willingness to align with external forces whose interests run counter to Ethiopia's sovereignty and national security. Concerns have also intensified over what many view as violations of the Pretoria Peace Agreement. These include alleged remobilization efforts, attempts to dismantle the federally recognized Interim Administration, military activities in disputed areas, and the preservation of parallel political and military structures. Taken together, critics argue that these developments indicate that the TPLF has moved beyond the realm of conventional political opposition and now represents a significant threat to Ethiopia's constitutional order, national unity, and regional stability. Rising Alarm Over Defunct TPLF’s Destabilizing Role in Northern Ethiopia The resurgence of tensions in northern Ethiopia has drawn growing concern from prominent political commentators, former TPLF leaders, and regional analysts. Many of whom warn that actions by hardline elements within the divided and defunct TPLF risk jeopardizing the hard-won peace established through the Pretoria Agreement. Their assessments converge on a common theme: while the federal government of Ethiopia has made significant strides toward post-conflict recovery and reconciliation. But a faction within the former TPLF leadership appears determined to undermine these efforts, threatening not only the stability of Tigray region but also the broader peace and security of the Horn of Africa. Among the most outspoken voices is founding member and former TPLF Chairman, Aregawi Berhe. In a recent interview, Aregawi argued that the Federal Government demonstrated considerable commitment to implementing the Pretoria Peace Agreement by facilitating humanitarian assistance, restoring budgetary support, and establishing the Tigray Interim Administration to guide the region's transition toward peace and recovery.   According to Aregawi, these initiatives represented a genuine effort to move beyond conflict and rebuild trust. However, he contended that such efforts were not reciprocated by hardline elements within the defunct TPLF leadership. Instead, he alleged that certain factions exploited the peace process as an opportunity to regroup, recruit new fighters, and rebuild military capabilities rather than fully embrace the spirit and objectives of the agreement. Aregawi also expressed concern over what he described as the international community's limited response to reports of recruitment and rearmament activities. He warned that continued silence could weaken the foundations of the Pretoria Agreement and create conditions for renewed instability in northern Ethiopia. Such a development, he noted, would carry implications far beyond Ethiopia's borders, potentially affecting the security and stability of the wider Horn of Africa. Particularly troubling, he said, are allegations of child recruitment and growing efforts to mobilize young people for another round of conflict. Aregawi emphasized that many residents of Tigray have already endured immense suffering during the devastating two-year war and are increasingly resistant to calls for renewed confrontation. He urged Tigrayan youth and members of the diaspora to reject narratives of war and instead champion peace, stability, reconstruction, and economic development. A similar warning Professor Kindeya Gebrehiwot, Head of the Cabinet Secretariat of the first Tigray Interim Regional Administration, views the recent developments as a direct threat to the region's fragile recovery process. Speaking to ENA, Professor Kindeya argued that a belligerent faction within the divided TPLF is actively pursuing actions that could drag northern Ethiopia back into conflict. He described the group behind the recent instability as a "criminal faction" that unlawfully displaced the Interim Regional Administration and continues to obstruct efforts aimed at implementing peace and restoring constitutional order. The professor maintained that the faction has consistently worked against the implementation of the Pretoria Agreement and sought to undermine successive interim administrations established to guide Tigray's post-war recovery and political normalization.   In contrast, he commended the Federal Government for exercising restraint and demonstrating a continued commitment to preserving peace despite mounting provocations. For Kindeya, the stakes extend well beyond regional politics. He warned that Tigray, still grappling with the economic and social consequences of the recent war, cannot afford another round of violence. Renewed conflict, he argued, would reverse reconstruction efforts, deepen humanitarian challenges, and threaten the broader stability of the Horn of Africa. He also voiced concern over reports of forced military recruitment and alleged attempts by the faction to cultivate alliances with actors opposed to the peace process. Such actions, he cautioned, could further destabilize the region and undermine ongoing efforts toward national reconciliation and recovery. Eritrea: The Persistent Driver of Regional Tensions Since its independence in 1993, Eritrea has pursued a foreign policy heavily shaped by security considerations and recurring confrontations with neighboring states. Disputes with Yemen over the Hanish Islands, tensions with Sudan, the devastating 1998–2000 border war with Ethiopia, and later clashes with Djibouti all contributed to a regional reputation defined by militarized statecraft and strategic competition. During the 2000s and early 2010s, Eritrea faced international sanctions over allegations of support for armed groups operating in Somalia. Although those sanctions were eventually lifted, debates regarding Eritrea's role in regional instability have persisted. Recent reports suggesting closer engagement between Eritrea and various political and armed actors inside Ethiopia have renewed concern. Such relationships risk undermining peacebuilding efforts and fueling further instability. Many international scholars have characterized Eritrea's regional approach as one driven more by security competition than by economic integration or collective development. According to these assessments, persistent confrontation has frequently taken precedence over opportunities for regional cooperation. Whether viewed through the prism of geopolitics or national security, Eritrea remains a central variable in any assessment of the Horn's future stability. Egypt's Strategic Campaign Against Ethiopia's Rise The relationship between Ethiopia and Egypt is no longer merely a dispute over the waters of the Abay River or the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). It has evolved into a broader geopolitical contest centered on influence, power, and the future balance of power in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region. For decades, successive Egyptian governments have viewed any effort by Ethiopia to harness the waters originating from its own territory as a challenge to Cairo's longstanding dominance over Abay affairs. The GERD fundamentally altered that equation. For the first time in modern history, Ethiopia demonstrated both the political will and national capacity to pursue a transformative project despite sustained external pressure and opposition. Unable to halt the dam through diplomatic campaigns, international lobbying, or political pressure, Egypt has increasingly expanded its strategic engagement across the Horn of Africa. Its growing military, diplomatic, and security partnerships with Somalia, Eritrea, and other regional actors have been widely interpreted as part of a broader effort to contain Ethiopia's emergence as a major regional power. Many analysts argue that the objective extends beyond the GERD itself. They contend that Cairo seeks to undermine Ethiopia's strategic ambitions, limit its influence in regional affairs, obstruct its pursuit of reliable access to the Red Sea, and prevent the consolidation of its growing economic and geopolitical weight. What is particularly striking is that despite years of opposition, Ethiopia not only completed the GERD but successfully began generating power from a project once portrayed by its critics as unattainable. The dam now stands as a powerful symbol of African self-reliance, national determination, and Ethiopia's refusal to surrender its developmental aspirations to external pressure. From this perspective, Egypt's intensified engagement with Somalia, Eritrea, and other forces is viewed not as a series of isolated diplomatic initiatives but as part of a wider strategy aimed at creating strategic pressure around Ethiopia's borders and complicating its regional objectives. Critics argue that such policies risk deepening divisions and fueling instability in a region that urgently requires cooperation and economic integration. Yet the central reality remains unchanged: despite decades of resistance, Ethiopia has continued to advance its national interests, complete its flagship development project, and strengthen its position as one of Africa's most influential states. The failure to stop the GERD has become a defining illustration of the limits of coercive diplomacy in the face of determined national resolve. The Red Sea Factor The Red Sea has emerged as one of the world's most strategically significant waterways. Global powers, Gulf states, and international investors are increasingly competing for influence through investments in ports, logistics corridors, maritime infrastructure, and coastal development projects. This competition has transformed the Red Sea into a critical arena of geopolitical contestation. For Ethiopia, a nation of more than 130 million people without direct maritime access, developments along the Red Sea carry profound strategic implications. Access to trade routes, port infrastructure, and regional connectivity is viewed not simply as an economic necessity but as a fundamental component of national security and long-term development. Consequently, any effort to limit Ethiopia's strategic options in the Red Sea is increasingly viewed in Addis Ababa as part of a broader attempt to constrain the country's regional influence. Ethiopia's Enduring Resilience Despite formidable internal and external pressures, Ethiopia has continued to pursue an ambitious agenda of economic transformation, institutional reform, and infrastructure development. Recent reforms have focused on attracting investment, improving productivity, expanding exports, and strengthening foreign exchange generation. Progress in agriculture, manufacturing, services, and infrastructure continues to support the country's long-term development aspirations. At the same time, Ethiopia has accelerated defense modernization efforts aimed at enhancing technological capability, intelligence integration, domestic production capacity, and strategic autonomy. These initiatives are designed to strengthen national security while reducing dependence on external actors. Regional connectivity remains equally central to Ethiopia's vision. Investments in transportation corridors, energy integration, and cross-border trade reflect a broader strategy focused on economic interdependence and regional prosperity. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam stands as perhaps the clearest symbol of this determination. Despite years of diplomatic pressure and political opposition, Ethiopia has remained committed to completing the project, viewing it as essential to its energy security and developmental future. Drawing upon a long history of preserving sovereignty against external pressure, Ethiopia continues to frame its national strategy around resilience, unity, and self-reliance. The Anchor Prevails The Horn of Africa stands at a critical geopolitical crossroads. The convergence of armed groups, regional rivalries, and competing strategic interests has created one of the most complex security environments in the region's modern history. The growing alignment of actors hostile to Ethiopia's interests presents serious challenges. Yet history suggests that Ethiopia has repeatedly demonstrated an extraordinary capacity to withstand adversity, adapt to changing circumstances, and emerge stronger from periods of crisis. Today, the country's demographic weight, economic potential, strategic location, and expanding institutional capabilities continue to position it as one of Africa's most influential states and a central pillar of stability in the Horn. The path ahead will require vigilance, diplomatic agility, and sustained national unity. But as geopolitical competition intensifies and new security threats emerge, Ethiopia's commitment to economic transformation, technological advancement, and regional integration suggests that it intends not merely to endure these challenges, but to overcome them. In a region often defined by uncertainty, Ethiopia remains the anchor around which the future stability and prosperity of the Horn of Africa may ultimately be secured.

By Yordanos D. For generations, Ethiopia's story was shaped by its fertile highlands, vast pastoral landscapes, and rural communities whose livelihoods depended on agriculture. The smallholder farmer was not merely an economic actor but the foundation of social organization, cultural identity, and local governance. Throughout much of the twentieth century and into the early years of the twenty first century, the countryside defined the nation's economy, while cities primarily served as administrative centers and regional marketplaces. Today, however, Ethiopia is undergoing a profound urban transformation. Across the country, expanding road networks, industrial parks, modern housing developments, commercial centers, and large-scale corridor development projects are reshaping both the physical landscape and the economic foundations of society. Cities that once played a limited role in national development have emerged as powerful engines of industrialization, innovation, investment, and economic growth. This transformation is evident not only in Addis Ababa but also in rapidly expanding urban centers such as Hawassa, Adama, Bahir Dar, Dire Dawa, Jimma, Mekelle, and many others. A nation that was once overwhelmingly rural is becoming increasingly urban, driven by demographic change, infrastructure investment, industrial development, and ambitious urban renewal initiatives.   According to the World Bank, Ethiopia was among the least urbanized countries in Africa at the turn of the century. In 2000, only about 14 percent of the population lived in urban areas. By 2010, the urbanization rate remained below 18 percent, significantly lower than the Sub-Saharan African average. This was largely because the country's economy depended heavily on agriculture, which accounted for nearly half of economic output and employed the vast majority of the labor force. For most Ethiopians, agriculture was not simply an economic activity but the foundation of daily life, social structures, and community identity. The Ethiopia of the early 2000s was vastly different from the country that exists today. Urban centers were relatively small, infrastructure was limited, and municipal governments often struggled with inadequate resources and planning capacity. The 2007 Population and Housing Census showed that Addis Ababa had approximately 2.7 million residents. Although it was already the country's largest city, its skyline bore little resemblance to what is seen today. High rise buildings were concentrated in a few commercial districts, while much of the capital consisted of traditional residential compounds, aging public housing, and informal settlements. Secondary cities were even smaller. Hawassa had a population of around 188,000, while Bahir Dar was home to approximately 180,000 residents. Cities such as Adama, Jimma, Dire Dawa, Mekelle, and Jigjiga functioned primarily as administrative centers and agricultural trading hubs. Industrial activity was limited, and urban expansion proceeded gradually. Beneath this seemingly stable landscape, however, powerful demographic and economic forces were beginning to reshape the country. Urbanization accelerated significantly after 2010 as Ethiopia increasingly embraced development as a central pillar of its economic transformation strategy. Policymakers came to view cities as engines of industrialization, job creation, investment attraction, and structural economic change. Large scale investments were directed toward transportation infrastructure, industrial parks, housing programs, electricity generation, telecommunications, and logistics networks. These investments created the conditions for sustained urban growth and economic diversification. The impact has been substantial. Ethiopia's urban population more than doubled between 2010 and the mid 2020s, rising from about 13 million people to more than 26 million. During much of this period, urban population growth exceeded four percent annually, making Ethiopia one of Africa's fastest urbanizing countries. Today, urban centers play an increasingly important role in national economic development. Manufacturing, construction, trade, logistics, financial services, tourism, and technology related activities are becoming increasingly concentrated in cities, generating employment opportunities and attracting investment. No city better illustrates this transformation than Addis Ababa. Studies examining land use changes in the capital reveal dramatic urban expansion over the past three decades. Areas once characterized by farmland, open spaces, and low-density settlements have gradually been transformed into residential neighborhoods, commercial districts, industrial zones, and transportation corridors. The eastern and northeastern parts of the city, including Bole, Yeka, Ayat, Summit, and Lemi Kura, have experienced particularly rapid growth. New housing developments, commercial centers, public infrastructure projects, and transportation networks have expanded the city's footprint well beyond its historical boundaries. At the same time, secondary cities have undergone remarkable transformation. Hawassa has emerged as a major industrial and investment destination, supported by one of the country's most successful industrial parks. Adama has strengthened its position as a logistics and commercial hub, while Dire Dawa has expanded its role as a gateway for trade and transportation. Bahir Dar, meanwhile, has leveraged tourism, education, and commerce to drive urban growth and attract investment. The nationwide Corridor Development Program provides perhaps the clearest illustration of Ethiopia's urban transformation. While urbanization has been driven by population growth, industrialization, and infrastructure investment, corridor development has become the framework through which these changes are reshaping cities. Over the past few years, Ethiopia has increasingly embraced corridor based development as a strategic tool to modernize urban centers, improve transportation networks, stimulate economic activity, and enhance the quality of life of urban residents. What began as an urban renewal initiative in Addis Ababa has evolved into one of Africa's most extensive city transformation programs, expanding to more than 120 cities and towns across the country. The concept operates at two levels. The first involves transport and trade corridors that connect Ethiopia to regional and global markets. The second encompasses urban transformation corridors designed to modernize cities, improve mobility, create green public spaces, and stimulate local economic activity. As one of the world's largest landlocked nations, Ethiopia has prioritized the development of strategic transport corridors to strengthen access to international markets. The Ethio Djibouti Corridor remains the backbone of the country's trade, supported by the Addis Ababa Djibouti Railway and an extensive highway network linking Ethiopia's economic centers to the Port of Djibouti. At the same time, Ethiopia has pursued alternative trade routes through the Berbera Corridor and the Lamu Port South Sudan Ethiopia Transport Corridor. These initiatives are intended to diversify market access, strengthen resilience, improve regional integration, and reduce dependence on a single maritime outlet. Within Ethiopia's cities, however, corridor development has become one of the most visible symbols of modernization and urban renewal. Addis Ababa serves as the flagship of the program. Major corridors, including Torhayloch Mexico, Piassa, Arat Kilo, Megenagna, Kazanchis, Bole, Sar Bet, and Merkato, have undergone extensive redevelopment. Roads have been widened, intersections redesigned, utility infrastructure upgraded, and pedestrian facilities significantly improved. The transformation extends far beyond transportation. Public plazas, landscaped green spaces, cycling lanes, recreational facilities, riverfront developments, and modern lighting systems have created more attractive, accessible, and functional urban environments. The integration of green spaces into urban planning has also strengthened environmental sustainability while enhancing the city's overall livability. The initiative has expanded beyond the capital. Major regional cities, including Adama, Bishoftu, Hawassa, Dire Dawa, Bahir Dar, Gondar, Jimma, Dessie, Kombolcha, Jigjiga, Harar, Mekelle, Semera, Assosa, Nekemte, Shashemene, Arba Minch, Wolaita Sodo, Debre Birhan, Debre Markos, Dilla, and Hosaena, have launched corridor development projects. These projects are improving mobility, modernizing public infrastructure, enhancing tourism destinations, strengthening industrial zones, and creating new opportunities for investment and employment. In many cities, corridor development is transforming previously congested urban centers into vibrant economic and social spaces. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, these corridors are increasingly serving as engines of economic growth. The Addis Ababa Bishoftu Corridor, stretching through key industrial centers such as Dukem and Gelan, has attracted substantial domestic and foreign investment. Manufacturing facilities, logistics centers, industrial parks, and residential developments have emerged along the corridor, transforming formerly rural areas into dynamic economic zones. Similar development patterns are emerging around Hawassa Industrial Park, Dire Dawa Industrial Park, Kombolcha Industrial Park, and other manufacturing centers across the country. Improved infrastructure and connectivity have enhanced productivity, attracted investors, and created thousands of jobs. In many respects, corridor development represents the physical manifestation of Ethiopia's broader urban transformation. It brings together transportation, housing, commerce, industry, environmental sustainability, and public services within a comprehensive development framework. More importantly, it demonstrates how strategic urban planning can transform cities from congested administrative centers into dynamic hubs of economic activity and improved quality of life. In conclusion, Ethiopia's urban transformation represents one of the most significant socioeconomic shifts in the country's modern history. A nation once defined primarily by its rural character is steadily evolving into an increasingly urbanized and interconnected economy, driven by infrastructure investment, industrialization, and strategic urban planning.   The nationwide Corridor Development Program has become a defining feature of this transition, modernizing cities, improving connectivity, and creating new opportunities for economic growth and social development. As cities continue to expand and new urban centers emerge, the challenge will be to ensure that this growth remains inclusive, sustainable, and responsive to the needs of a rapidly changing population. If successfully managed, Ethiopia's ongoing urban transformation has the potential to create competitive cities, stronger regional economies, and a more prosperous future, positioning the country as one of Africa's leading examples of urban led development in the twenty first century.

  Op-ed by Getachew Reda and Redwan Hussein Addis Ababa, June 11, 2026 (ENA) —The Pretoria Agreement brought relief to a devastated region. Those trying to tear it up must face firm international pressure. In October 2022, the negotiating teams from the Ethiopian federal government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) met in Pretoria, South Africa, to make peace. Our meeting and talks took place amidst a raging war that was wreaking havoc on our home country. Given the circumstances, our South African hosts were justified in taking some precautions to keep the two negotiation teams apart and at some distance. It was as if the protocol and security officers assigned by the host country were afraid that the negotiation teams from the two warring parties would get into a fist fight in the middle of the conference hall if they were not shepherded to steer clear of one another. But soon, our hosts were pleasantly surprised to see that being civil to one another was not going to be difficult for anyone in the room. Relieved by the unexpectedly cordial tone set by the delegation heads from both sides, our hosts and mediators allowed the negotiators to engage directly, in a smaller room and in a less formal setting, dispensing with the need to use English as a medium of communication. With the mediators closely following our progress and stepping in to help resolve deadlocks, we held the talks for several days, at times going well beyond midnight. There were heated debates and difficult discussions. Many times, we came close to a breakdown in the talks. But we persisted and, with the support of the elder African statesmen and women who were facilitating the talks, we had more breakthroughs than breakdowns. In this process, although we came from different sides in a deadly internal conflict, we were united in our resolve to make peace. We wanted to see the fighting come to an end. We wanted to put an end to the bloodletting. We were appalled at how the promise of a new generation was being wasted on battlefields across northern Ethiopia. We were also in agreement on the principles that should provide the framework for any agreement we would conclude. From the outset, our discussion focused on the fundamental principles that should inform our negotiation and its outcomes. Once we agreed on a set of principles as norms to underpin the agreement, the remaining task was fleshing out and operationalising these principles. This was not an easy or straightforward undertaking. There was an active war being fought as we were negotiating. Sometimes emotions ran high and the pressure was taking its toll on all of us. But we were determined to seek common ground and make peace. Against the odds, particularly given Ethiopia’s modern history, in which negotiated settlements and compromises are quite rare, we succeeded. An Agreement for Lasting Peace Through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) was signed on November 3, 2022. The signing of the agreement was welcomed and celebrated back at home. Ethiopians from all walks of life felt relieved and glad that the war was coming to an end. But not everyone shared these sentiments. In Ethiopia, extremist elements both within the TPLF and the Amhara Fano militia were dismayed by the agreement. The TPLF hardliners wanted to have a short-term ceasefire that would allow them to regroup and continue the war. They did not want a permanent cessation of hostilities. No matter the cost, especially to the young men and women they were using as cannon fodder in the war, they wanted to continue fighting. They were of the view that with a temporary halt in fighting, they would be able to rearm, take the initiative, and get the upper hand. The extremist elements within the Fano also wanted the fighting to continue. In public, their complaint was that the federal government was conceding too much and being too lenient towards the TPLF. But as subsequent events have made abundantly clear, they had other motivations for wanting the fighting to continue. Equally, if not more consequential in its opposition to the Pretoria Agreement, was the Government of Eritrea. Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki even went to the extent of publicly denouncing the agreement as a CIA ploy that did not serve the interests of the region. For President Isayas, the internal conflict in Ethiopia was a dream come true. He wanted both sides to keep on fighting and to see Ethiopia bleed to death. He perceived reconciliation and peace in Ethiopia as a threat. In his quest to see an Ethiopia that is weak, fractured, and susceptible to his machinations, he has long supported various rebel and militant groups against the Ethiopian state. He did not want to see the Pretoria Agreement put an end to the crisis and suffering in Ethiopia that was giving him so much joy and comfort. So, he sought out the extremist elements in the TPLF and continued cultivating similar elements within the Fano. Eritrean operatives brokered an alliance of those disgruntled by the Pretoria Agreement. The forces intent on perpetuating a state of hostility came together under Eritrean tutelage in a band of misfits they dubbed Tsimdo. Right now, this alliance, cobbled together in covert and not so covert meetings in Asmara, Mekelle, and Sudan, is poised to trigger another round of conflict. Aided and abetted by Asmara, the hardline rump of the TPLF has decided to launch an offensive against the federal government in the coming days. In clear violation of the Pretoria Agreement, the rump TPLF has dismantled the regional interim administration and set up its own illegal administration. It has continued recruiting, training, and arming a sizeable fighting force with the direct support of the Eritrean government. It has also purged and cast away all those within its ranks who advocated for peace and adherence to the Pretoria Agreement. The people of the Tigray regional state have categorically rejected the war agenda and the reckless belligerence of the rump TPLF. But taking a few pages from the Eritrean playbook, the TPLF is now engaged in forced conscription and trying to turn Tigray into another “dystopia of liberation”. The rump TPLF has openly abrogated the Pretoria Agreement and is now gearing up for active and open hostility against the federal government. It is imperative that everyone with any leverage or influence over the TPLF and its patrons in Asmara exert maximum pressure on them to avoid a relapse into conflict. A resumption of hostilities would be dangerous and would have serious regional consequences. The TPLF should not be allowed to once again resort to violence and gamble with the lives of so many young women and men. There should be a clear, categorical, and uncompromising message from the international community that the steps the TPLF and its backers in Asmara are taking to tear up the Pretoria Agreement in a violent and potentially irreversible manner are unacceptable. The Pretoria Agreement is not perfect and its implementation was a work in progress that left much to be desired. But it was an agreement that silenced the guns and enabled the return of a degree of normalcy in a region ravaged by war. The strategic miscalculation of those who have become utterly desensitised to the death and suffering of a whole generation should not be allowed to pull us back into the nightmare of war.   Getachew Reda   Minister Advisor for East African Affairs in Ethiopia’s federal government Getachew Reda is Ethiopia’s Minister Advisor for East African Affairs, former president of the Interim Regional Administration of Tigray, and was the TPLF representative who signed the 2022 Pretoria peace agreement. Redwan Hussein   Director General of Ethiopia’s National Intelligence and Security Service and served as the federal government’s lead negotiator in the 2022 Pretoria peace talks Redwan Hussein is Director General of Ethiopia’s National Intelligence and Security Service and was the Ethiopian government representative who signed the 2022 Pretoria peace agreement. Source: Al Jazeera