By staff writer Addis Ababa, March 12, 2026 (ENA)—Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed continues to push forward an ambitious national development agenda that is steadily reshaping Ethiopia’s economic and infrastructural landscape. Over the past seven years, the Premier has personally championed and closely monitored a series of transformative mega projects designed to alter the country’s development trajectory and position the nation as a rising hub for large-scale project execution in Africa. Demonstrating a hands-on leadership style, the Prime Minister has traveled extensively across the country, inspecting progress on flagship initiatives ranging from power generation and aviation to natural gas, fertilizer production, and urban corridor development. Major national programs such as “Dine for the Nation Initiative” and “Dine for Generation” initiatives have also formed part of this broader effort to mobilize resources and accelerate sustainable tourism development and destinations. The momentum was once again evident during the Prime Minister’s recent working visit to eastern Ethiopia, where he toured key cities including Dire Dawa and Harar. The visit brought renewed national attention to the region’s expanding development prospects, highlighting transformative infrastructure projects, improved public service delivery, growing knowledge and research institutions, and the untapped natural and tourism potential that could play a crucial role in the country’s future growth. Through on-site inspections of corridor development works, modern service centers, research facilities, and emerging tourism destinations, the Prime Minister’s tour underscored the government’s determination to translate national reform policies into visible and meaningful improvements in the daily lives of citizens. Corridor Development Transforming Urban Landscapes   One of the highlights of the visit was the inspection of the corridor development project in Dire Dawa, a flagship initiative aimed at modernizing urban infrastructure while improving environmental aesthetics and public spaces. The project has transformed key areas of the city by creating organized public recreation spaces, green corridors, and community gathering areas. It also integrates modern urban amenities such as electric vehicle charging stations, cafes, commercial spaces, and improved pedestrian walkways. Beyond beautification, the initiative is designed to stimulate economic activity by creating business opportunities for local residents and enhancing the city’s attractiveness as a commercial and tourism hub. Officials note that such projects are redefining Ethiopia’s urban environments by combining infrastructure development with environmental sustainability and improved quality of life. Modernizing Public Services Through MESOB Centers   During his stay in Dire Dawa, the Prime Minister also visited the city’s MESOB one-stop service center, a modern public service hub designed to streamline administrative services. The facility integrates dozens of government services under one roof, allowing citizens to access various public services quickly and efficiently. By reducing bureaucracy and digitalizing processes, MESOB centers represent an important step in the government’s broader effort to modernize governance and improve service delivery. These centers are increasingly viewed as key platforms for building responsive public institutions and strengthening citizen trust in government services. Knowledge Infrastructure: Emerta Library   Another notable stop during the visit was the newly built Emerta Library in Dire Dawa, a large educational facility designed to support learning, research, and community engagement. The library has the capacity to serve up to 1,000 users at a time and its shelves can accommodate up to one million books, making it one of the significant knowledge infrastructures in the region. The facility is expected to become a major learning hub for students, researchers, and residents, helping nurture a culture of reading, research, and innovation. Observers say investments in such educational facilities reflect the government’s broader focus on human capital development, recognizing that knowledge and education are essential drivers of sustainable national progress. Strengthening Industry Through Quality Assurance   The Prime Minister also visited the Ethiopian Conformity Assessment Enterprise laboratory in Dire Dawa, a facility that provides testing and certification services for various industrial and consumer products. The laboratory conducts testing for products such as edible oils, petroleum products, food items, cosmetics, detergents, and construction materials. By ensuring that locally produced goods meet national standards, the facility is expected to strengthen industrial competitiveness and enhance Ethiopia’s capacity to participate in regional and global markets. Quality infrastructure such as testing laboratories plays a crucial role in supporting the country’s ongoing industrialization efforts. Community-Led Rural Development in Harar   The Prime Minister’s visit continued in the historic city of Harar, where he inspected a rural corridor development project in Sofi Woreda. The project, developed with strong community participation and the use of locally available materials, has transformed a rural settlement into a model village. Constructed through the collective efforts of local residents, the initiative demonstrates how community-driven development can significantly improve rural living conditions while preserving traditional architecture and cultural identity. Such initiatives, according to officials, provide practical models for rural transformation across Ethiopia. Unlocking Tourism and Natural Resource Potential   Beyond infrastructure and services, the visit also highlighted the immense natural and tourism potential of eastern Ethiopia. During his tour, the Prime Minister visited natural attractions including caves and geological formations, emphasizing the importance of scientific research and systematic mapping of the country’s natural resources. He stressed that Ethiopia possesses numerous unexplored natural sites whose scientific documentation could unlock significant opportunities for tourism development, job creation, and local economic growth.   The Prime Minister also called on scholars and research institutions to conduct detailed studies of the country’s natural heritage and generate sovereign data that can guide long-term national development strategies. A Broader Vision for Inclusive Development Taken together, the projects visited during the Prime Minister’s tour reflect Ethiopia’s broader development strategy aimed at improving infrastructure, strengthening institutions, and expanding economic opportunities across the country. From urban corridor development and digital public service centers to rural model villages, knowledge infrastructure, and natural tourism sites, the initiatives illustrate a multi-sector approach to national development. Equally important, the visit highlighted the role of community participation, innovation, education, among others.   As eastern Ethiopia continues to emerge as a region rich in cultural heritage, natural resources, and human potential, the government’s focus on infrastructure development, service modernization, and knowledge expansion signals a broader vision of inclusive national growth. The Prime Minister’s visit thus served not only as an inspection of ongoing projects but also as a reaffirmation of Ethiopia’s commitment to unlocking its vast potential and building a more prosperous future for its citizens. Key Takeaways From Prime Minister Abiy’s Visit Following his visit to the Nasiol Cave, Prime Minister Abiy called for urgent scientific mapping of Ethiopia’s vast natural and mineral resources, describing the site as a powerful symbol of the country’s untapped wealth and deep historical legacy. The Prime Minister emphasized that comprehensive scientific research and systematic resource mapping are essential to unlocking these assets for national development. Properly studying Ethiopia’s natural heritage, he noted, could strengthen tourism, create new economic opportunities, and improve livelihoods for communities living near these sites.   The Premier further urged Ethiopian scholars, researchers, and institutions to lead the documentation of the country’s hidden resources, underscoring the importance of generating what he described as “sovereign data.” According to the Prime Minister, relying on domestically produced research is essential for shaping national policies and long-term development strategies grounded in Ethiopia’s own knowledge, realities, and priorities. He concluded that ensuring data sovereignty and systematic resource mapping will be key to transforming Ethiopia’s vast natural and historical wealth into sustainable economic growth.   Taken together, the projects visited during the Prime Minister’s tour reflect Ethiopia’s broader development strategy aimed at improving infrastructure, strengthening institutions, and expanding economic opportunities across the country. From urban corridor development and digital public service centers to rural model villages, knowledge infrastructure, and emerging tourism destinations, the initiatives illustrate a comprehensive and multi-sector approach to national development. The visit ultimately served not only as an inspection of ongoing projects but also as a reaffirmation of Ethiopia’s commitment to unlocking its immense potential and building a more prosperous future for its citizens.

Addis Ababa, March 7, 2026 (ENA)—Amid a week marked by significant global developments, including escalating tensions in the Middle East, Ethiopia experienced a series of important national and international milestones. Those highlighted the country’s evolving political, diplomatic, and developmental trajectory. From commemorating one of the most defining victories in its history to expanding diplomatic partnerships and preparing for a technology-driven election, Ethiopia spent the week balancing reflection on its historic legacy with forward-looking reforms. At the heart of the week stood the commemoration of the 130th Anniversary of the Victory of Adwa, a moment that continues to shape Ethiopia’s national identity and influence its global outlook. Alongside the historic remembrance, key diplomatic engagements, infrastructure development initiatives, democratic reforms, and discussions on agriculture and climate resilience underscored the nation’s ongoing efforts to strengthen peace, development, and international cooperation. Taken together, the week’s events reflect a country deeply rooted in its past while steadily navigating a path toward economic resilience, political stability, and greater global engagement. Adwa at 130: A Legacy of Unity, Sovereignty, and National Resolve The 130th Anniversary of the Victory of Adwa dominated national attention this week, reminding Ethiopians of the historic triumph that safeguarded the country’s sovereignty and inspired oppressed peoples across Africa and beyond. In messages marking the anniversary, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Deputy Prime Minister Temesgen Tiruneh, and President Taye Atske Selassie emphasized that Adwa represents far more than a military victory. It stands as a powerful symbol of unity, patriotism, and national determination. Prime Minister Abiy described the victory as a defining testament to the Ethiopian people’s unwavering resolve to defend their independence and national interests. He noted that despite differences in culture, faith, and political outlook, Ethiopians were able to unite around a shared national purpose. “They were united by a common purpose, but they were not identical. They shared one nation, yet they came from different cultures and professed different faiths,” the Prime Minister said, reflecting on the diverse patriots who marched to Adwa. He also pointed out that the struggle was not only against the invading Italian army but also against collaborators who placed personal interests above national unity. Speaking at the Adwa Victory Memorial under the theme “Glorious Past, Radiant Horizon,” President Taye Atske Selassie similarly emphasized that the victory continues to serve as a blueprint for unity, peace, and sovereignty. “The lesson of Adwa strengthens Ethiopian identity and curbs narrow group thinking,” the President said. “Adwa rejects petty politics, denounces division, and despises corruption, deceit, and intrigue.” According to the President, the true meaning of Adwa today lies in transforming the hard-won freedom of the past into tangible national achievements. Ethiopia must translate the spirit of Adwa into economic strength, geopolitical influence, and strategic progress. Officials across the country echoed the view that the spirit of Adwa must now guide Ethiopia’s development—from agriculture and industry to infrastructure and digital transformation. Expanding Diplomatic Horizons: Ethiopia and Azerbaijan While reflecting on its historic legacy, Ethiopia also strengthened its global partnerships. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed returned to Addis Ababa this week after concluding a successful official visit to Azerbaijan, aimed at deepening cooperation in technology, energy, trade, and governance. During the visit, the Prime Minister held high-level talks with President Ilham Aliyev, where both sides reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening bilateral relations. The leaders oversaw the signing of an Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Defense and exchanged several memoranda of understanding covering cooperation in agriculture, media development, investment promotion, and anti-corruption initiatives. Additional agreements included collaboration related to the organization of the 32nd United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP32) and institutional cooperation between Azerbaijan’s ASAN Service and Ethiopia’s MESOB Service. As part of the visit, the Ethiopian delegation toured major infrastructures such as the Sangachal Terminal and the Alat Free Economic Zone, key pillars of Azerbaijan’s energy and trade networks. Prime Minister Abiy also visited the country’s Artificial Intelligence Academy, highlighting Ethiopia’s growing interest in digital transformation and technological innovation. The visit is expected to open new avenues for economic cooperation and knowledge exchange between the two countries. Breaking the “Circle of Animosity”: A Call for Dialogue Another major development during the week was an extensive interview given by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed to the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA), conducted in Tigrinya. In the interview, the Prime Minister discussed Ethiopia’s ongoing nation-building efforts, democratization process, and the challenges posed by long-standing political polarization. He emphasized the need to reimagine Ethiopia’s political landscape in order to build a prosperous and inclusive state. Most notably, the Prime Minister reiterated the importance of dialogue as the primary pathway toward sustainable peace, particularly in Northern Ethiopia. Referring to what he described as a “circle of animosity,” the Prime Minister stressed that long-term stability cannot be achieved through military means alone. “I do not believe these issues can find a solution through elections, the courts, or military means alone,” he said. Instead, he emphasized that inclusive dialogue, compromise, and national consensus remain essential for lasting peace and unity. Preparing for a Technology-Driven Democratic Election Preparations for Ethiopia’s upcoming Seventh General Election also advanced during the week. Speaker of the House of People’s Representatives Tagesse Chaffo announced that an enabling environment has been established to ensure that the election will be free, democratic, and supported by modern technology. Speaking at a national forum on strengthening judicial and democratic institutions, the Speaker highlighted legislative reforms that have strengthened the independence of the National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE). NEBE Chairperson Melatwork Hailu stated that the electoral process is undergoing a major digital transformation aimed at improving transparency and efficiency. Candidate registration has now been fully digitalized, and voters will be able to register through digital stations, mobile applications, or in person at polling centers. She urged political parties to respect electoral codes of conduct, emphasizing that the use of technology will help ensure a fair and inclusive electoral process. Building Development Through Railway Expansion Infrastructure development also gained momentum this week, particularly in the railway sector. The Ethio-Djibouti Railway Corporation reaffirmed its commitment to expanding the country’s railway network using domestic expertise. Chief Executive Officer Takele Uma made the remarks during a field visit to the AMG–Indoode Link Railway Project, which is being constructed by Ethiopian engineers and technical teams. The project demonstrates Ethiopia’s growing capacity to design and implement complex infrastructure projects independently. “Our forefathers built this nation through sacrifice. It is our responsibility to replicate their contribution by advancing development and strengthening national capacity,” the CEO said. State Minister of Transport and Logistics Dhenge Boru also emphasized that railway expansion remains central to Ethiopia’s strategy of improving logistics efficiency, reducing transportation costs, and strengthening its position as a regional logistics hub. A Nation Bridging Past and Future Taken together, the week’s developments reflect a nation actively bridging its historic legacy with its future ambitions. From commemorating the Victory of Adwa to strengthening diplomatic partnerships, advancing infrastructure projects, preparing for democratic elections, and promoting national dialogue, Ethiopia continues to navigate a complex yet promising path forward. Officials repeatedly emphasized throughout the week, the spirit that secured victory at Adwa more than a century ago must now guide the country toward sustainable development, national unity, and a brighter future for generations to come.

By staff writer Addis Ababa, March 6, 2026 (ENA)—As Ethiopia prepares for its seventh General Election, the country finds itself at a significant political juncture that reflects the steady evolution of its democratic journey. The upcoming vote represents far more than a routine constitutional exercise; it is a critical milestone in the nation’s efforts to consolidate democratic governance and strengthen public confidence in its political institutions. Over the past decades, Ethiopia has gradually laid the foundations for representative governance by expanding political participation and building a more structured electoral environment for political actors and citizens alike. These developments reflect the country’s broader efforts to deepen democratic practices while strengthening institutions responsible for administering elections and protecting citizens’ rights. In recent years, Ethiopia has undertaken notable reforms aimed at reinforcing key democratic institutions. Among the most important have been reforms within the National Election Board of Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission, both of which play a vital role in safeguarding electoral integrity and protecting fundamental rights. Equally significant has been the expansion of civic space. The country has taken a decisive step in allowing and strengthening civil society organizations, an important development that had not been witnessed for decades. These reforms have been widely regarded as essential measures for building a more transparent, accountable, and credible democratic system. Scheduled for June 1, 2026, the seventh General Election arrives at a time when public expectations for credible democratic practices are higher than ever. With electoral institutions gaining greater independence and operational capacity, the upcoming vote is expected to serve as an important indicator of Ethiopia’s democratic maturity and the resilience of its governance structures. Political leaders, analysts, and electoral authorities emphasize that this election carries particular significance because it is being conducted within a more strengthened institutional framework compared to previous electoral cycles. The government has repeatedly reaffirmed its commitment to creating a conducive environment for free, fair, and credible elections. In this regard, political parties have begun engaging in debates and presenting their manifestos to voters as the electoral campaign gains momentum. A key milestone in the election process will take place with the start of voter registration tomorrow, on March 6, 2026, across polling stations throughout the country. Field observations conducted by the Ethiopian News Agency in Addis Ketema and Gullele sub-cities of Addis Ababa indicate that essential voter registration materials are already being distributed to electoral wards and polling stations. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has consistently emphasized the importance of credible elections in strengthening democratic governance and political stability. Addressing the nation on the country’s democratic reform process, he noted that Ethiopia’s democratic journey requires patience, institutional strength, and collective civic responsibility. “Ethiopia’s path toward democracy requires patience, strong institutions, and the collective commitment of citizens to protect the integrity of the electoral process,” the prime minister stated. In a separate parliamentary address on political reforms and electoral governance, he also highlighted the central role of elections in shaping national leadership, noting that “free, fair, and credible elections are the foundation upon which a stable and prosperous democratic system is built.” Electoral History Ethiopia’s electoral experience since the adoption of the federal constitution in 1995 illustrates the gradual evolution of democratic governance in the country. The first national election held that year introduced a multi-party parliamentary system in which members of the House of People's Representatives are elected for five-year terms from single-seat constituencies. Early elections, however, were conducted during periods characterized by political transition and institutional consolidation. At the time, the country was working to stabilize its newly established federal system while constructing the core structures of governance. Some opposition parties boycotted those early elections, and political competition remained limited. Over the following decades, Ethiopia conducted successive elections in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2021. Each electoral cycle reflected changing political dynamics and gradually expanding participation by political actors. Despite challenges that emerged at various stages, the electoral process has progressively broadened in scale, administration, and institutional oversight. Democratic Institutions One of the defining features of the seventh national election is the strengthening of democratic institutions responsible for administering and safeguarding the electoral process. Recent reforms have significantly enhanced the autonomy, professional capacity, and nationwide operational reach of the National Election Board of Ethiopia. The institution has expanded its structures at both federal and regional levels, enabling broader voter registration, improved election management, and more effective monitoring of political parties. The board has also emphasized its commitment to professionalism and transparency, placing priority on ensuring that every eligible Ethiopian voter has the opportunity to participate in a credible and transparent electoral process. Officials from the board underline that strengthening public confidence in elections remains a central institutional objective and a critical factor for the future of democracy in the country. Alongside the election board, other democratic institutions such as the National Dialogue Commission, the judiciary, parliament, and civil society organizations are playing an increasingly important role in safeguarding the integrity of the electoral process. Civil society organizations are now legally permitted to conduct voter education campaigns and observe electoral activities, contributing to greater transparency and strengthening public trust in the system. Speaker of the House of People's Representatives, Tagese Chafo, has also reaffirmed the government’s commitment to supporting the electoral process. Speaking at a national forum that brought together judicial and administrative institutions involved in election preparations, he stated that the government will provide the necessary support for the successful conduct of the seventh national election. He further emphasized the importance of cooperation among institutions, noting that ensuring peaceful and credible elections is a responsibility shared by both institutions and citizens. Political Participation Another notable feature of the seventh national election is the growing participation of political actors across the country. Ethiopia’s multi-party system has gradually diversified, with numerous political parties competing for representation in parliament. The upcoming election will bring together political organizations and independent candidates contesting hundreds of seats in the federal legislature. The results will determine the political composition of the House of People’s Representatives and shape the direction of national governance for the next five years. Political analysts suggest that broader participation in elections contributes significantly to strengthening democratic culture by encouraging debate over national policies and development priorities. Competitive elections enable citizens to evaluate different visions for the country and hold leaders accountable through the ballot box. Free, Fair, and Credible Elections For Ethiopia, the successful conduct of free, fair, and credible elections remains a central pillar of democratic consolidation. Elections serve as the primary mechanism through which citizens exercise their constitutional right to choose representatives and influence the direction of national governance. When citizens trust the fairness of elections, the resulting government enjoys greater legitimacy and stronger capacity to implement policies aimed at national development. Transparent electoral processes therefore contribute significantly to the political legitimacy of the state. Reflecting on this principle, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated during a national discussion on democratic governance that democracy grows when institutions are trusted and when citizens believe their voices are reflected through the ballot. Ensuring fairness in elections requires a comprehensive institutional framework that includes independent election management, impartial legal oversight, and equal opportunities for political parties to compete. It also requires active engagement from voters, political organizations, and civic institutions in protecting the integrity of the process. Deepening Democratic Culture Beyond legal frameworks and administrative procedures, the seventh national election also represents an opportunity to deepen democratic culture across Ethiopian society. Democracy flourishes not only through institutions but also through public trust, political tolerance, and respect for constitutional principles. Peaceful and competitive elections encourage political actors to engage through dialogue, policy debate, and democratic competition rather than confrontation. Such practices help cultivate democratic norms including compromise, accountability, and respect for differing viewpoints. In this context, the National Dialogue Commission has also been working to address national challenges through dialogue and consultation. As democratic practices become more deeply embedded within the political system, elections evolve from moments of political contest into instruments of collective decision-making and national unity. Compared with earlier elections conducted during periods of political transition and institutional formation, the upcoming poll will take place within a more mature framework of electoral governance and constitutional order. While challenges remain, the strengthening of democratic institutions, expanding political participation, and commitment to credible elections demonstrate Ethiopia’s ongoing efforts to build a political system that reflects the will of its people. Ultimately, the success of the seventh General Election will depend not only on institutions but also on the shared responsibility of political leaders, citizens, and democratic bodies to uphold transparency, fairness, and peaceful political competition. The election represents both a reflection of Ethiopia’s democratic progress and an opportunity to further consolidate the foundations of inclusive and accountable governance. If conducted successfully, the upcoming vote will reinforce democratic norms, strengthen institutional credibility, and deepen public confidence in the electoral process. Most importantly, it will contribute to Ethiopia’s long-term efforts to advance democratic transition while strengthening the nation-building process through a system in which leadership is determined by the will of the people and guided by constitutional order.

By staff writer Addis Ababa, March 5, 2026 (ENA)—For decades, African leaders, diplomats, and policy experts have called for reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). They argued that the world’s most powerful decision-making body must reflect the realities of the 21st century rather than the geopolitical order of 1945. At the heart of the debate lies a long-standing grievance. Africa, a continent of 54 countries and over 1.4 billion people, still has no permanent representation on the Security Council. While Africa frequently dominates the Council’s agenda, many of the conflicts and peacekeeping missions discussed involve African countries, the continent remains excluded from the body’s most influential tier. In recent years, this demand for reform has gained renewed urgency. Yet a proposal to grant Africa two permanent seats without veto power has sparked sharp criticism across the continent, with many African leaders and experts describing the idea as inadequateand even humiliating. Africa’s Call for Meaningful Representation The push for reform is strongly supported by countries such as Ethiopia, which hosts the headquarters of the African Union in Addis Ababa and was the only African founding member of the United Nations’ predecessor, the League of Nations. Ethiopia, together with other African states, has consistently advocated for Africa’s fair representation in the Security Council and for changes in its working methods. For Ethiopia, the issue goes beyond symbolism. It is about correcting a historical injustice and preserving the legitimacy of the Security Council itself. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has repeatedly emphasized Ethiopia’s firm belief in the urgent need to reform the Council. He has also highlighted the importance of Africans securing permanent representation consistent with the Common African Position, which calls for two permanent seats for Africa with full privileges, including veto power. African leaders argue that anything less would fail to address the fundamental imbalance in global governance. A Proposal That Sparked Controversy Recently, proposals aimed at reforming the Security Council suggested allocating two permanent seats to Africa to make the body more representative. However, the proposal reportedly excludes veto power for these seats. The veto power, currently held only by the five permanent members, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China—allows those states to block any substantive resolution. Critics argue that offering Africa permanent seats without veto authority would amount to symbolic inclusion rather than real power. Such an arrangement, they say, would merely reinforce the structural inequality that has long marginalized Africa in global decision-making. For many African policymakers and analysts, permanent membership without veto power risks institutionalizing second-class status within the Security Council. A System Designed for a Different World Experts argue that the current structure of the Security Council reflects the power balance of the post-World War II era rather than today’s geopolitical realities. Renowned Polish scholar Professor Andrzej Polus of the University of Wrocław, whose research focuses on contemporary political developments in Sub-Saharan Africa, told Ethiopian News Agency that African states joined the international system under conditions they had little role in shaping. He points out that the 1960s were widely known as the “Year of Africa,” when many countries gained independence from colonial rule. Yet those newly independent states had to operate within an international system already designed without their participation. “The United Nations Security Council reflects the situation of 1945 when it was created,” Polus explains. “Most of the cases currently before the Council involve sub-Saharan African countries. Yet Africa remains excluded from real influence within this structure.” In his view, granting Africa permanent seats without veto power would not meaningfully address this imbalance. He described such proposals as “humiliating,” arguing that Africa must be granted permanent membership with the same privileges enjoyed by existing permanent members. Growing Global Instability The urgency of reform was also highlighted during a recent forum titled “Sustaining the Momentum for UNSC Reform Amidst a Dynamic Global Geopolitical Context,” which brought together diplomats and policy experts connected to the African Union. Participants stressed that Africa plays a central role in international peace and security yet remains underrepresented in the Council’s permanent membership. Solomon Ayele Dersso, Director of Amani Africa Media and Research Services, warned that the world is entering a period of unprecedented geopolitical instability. “We are at an inflection point in the world,” he said. Quoting W. B. Yeats’ famous poem The Second Coming, Solomon described the current moment as one where “the centre cannot hold; mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.” He noted that global conflict levels have reached some of the highest levels since World War II, with devastating consequences for civilians. Across Africa, from the Sahel to the Great Lakes region, countries continue to grapple with complex security crises, humanitarian emergencies, and socio-economic challenges. Given the scale of these challenges, Solomon questioned whether a UN framework shaped by post-war power dynamics remains fit for purpose. “The legitimacy and effectiveness of the Security Council are increasingly under pressure,” he warned. Africa’s Historical Claim African diplomats emphasize that the demand for permanent representation is not new but rooted in decades of diplomatic advocacy. Robert Afriyie, Ghana’s Ambassador to Ethiopia, highlighted the historical context behind Africa’s push for reform, stressing that the continent’s growing political, economic, and demographic importance must be reflected in global institutions. Without meaningful reform, many analysts fear the Security Council risks losing credibility among large parts of the Global South. Reforming Multilateralism Despite the frustrations surrounding UNSC reform, Professor Polus argues that multilateral institutions still offer African countries important advantages. Through multilateral diplomacy, African states can diversify partnerships, secure financing, and avoid excessive dependence on any single global power. Africa’s diplomatic landscape is already evolving rapidly. Initiatives such as the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), U.S.–Africa summits, and African Union–European Union partnerships illustrate the continent’s expanding engagement with global powers. “A lot is happening in terms of diplomatic activity,” Polus notes. But he stresses that global institutions must adapt to this new reality. “The world has changed, and international institutions should reflect this change,” he said. Reforming the Security Council, he argues, ultimately requires renegotiating the treaties that define the structure of global governance. Only then can the Council become more representative, legitimate, and effective. A Test for Global Governance The debate over Africa’s representation in the Security Council has become a broader test of the international system’s ability to adapt to changing power dynamics. For African leaders and policymakers, the issue is clear: representation without real influence is not reform. If global institutions are to maintain legitimacy in an increasingly multipolar world, many argue that Africa’s voice must not only be heard, but empowered.

Op-ed by Henok Tadele HAILE When Israeli President Isaac Herzog lands in Addis Ababa, he does not step into unfamiliar ground. He arrives in a country whose story has, for centuries, brushed against that of his own people, in scripture and legend, in migration and memory, in endurance shaped by faith and history. His visit comes at a time when Ethiopia has once again become a diplomatic crossroads. In recent months, Addis Ababa has welcomed leaders from across continents among them Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, several African heads of state and Johann Wadephul, Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs of Germany. Addis is not merely hosting visitors; it is signaling its place in a shifting global order. Ethiopia is no stranger to history. Nor is Israel. Both are ancient civilizations that have learned, across millennia, how to weather storms without surrendering identity. Today, as President Herzog begins his official engagements, meeting President Taye Atske Selassie, and senior Ethiopian Officials, and members of the Beta Israel community, history gives way to strategy. ​​​​​This visit is ceremonial in form, but consequential in substance. The Echo of Ancient Footsteps Long before embassies and state visits, there was a journey. The Queen of Sheba’s voyage to Jerusalem remains one of the most enduring narratives linking the two civilizations. Whether read as sacred history or civilizational metaphor, it speaks of mutual recognition — of two ancient centers of power acknowledging one another. That connection did not fade with time. The Beta Israel community preserved ancient Jewish traditions in Ethiopia’s highlands for centuries. Later, historic aliyah operations carried tens of thousands of Ethiopian Jews to Israel, where they have become woven into the fabric of society, serving as soldiers, engineers, scholars, artists, and public officials. Their story belongs to both nations. Few modern diplomatic relationships are anchored in such deep civilizational soil. Between Ethiopia and Israel, the bond predates the modern state itself. Ethiopia at a Threshold President Herzog arrives at a pivotal moment for Ethiopia. With projected economic growth of 10.2 percent this fiscal year, Ethiopia ranks among the fastest-growing economies globally. It hosts the headquarters of the African Union in Addis Ababa. It has joined BRICS. With a population exceeding 130 million, it represents one of the largest emerging markets on the continent. Industrial parks stretch along new corridors. Wheat production expands across the highlands. Digital transformation is no longer aspirational rhetoric but national policy. Yet rapid growth brings a familiar realization: development thrives on partnership. And in this chapter, Israel’s role carries unique weight. Where Innovation Meets Scale Israel has earned its reputation as a global innovation hub, in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, water management, irrigation, agricultural science, and advanced engineering. It turned arid land into productive farmland and built a technology ecosystem that competes far beyond its geographic size. Ethiopia offers something different but equally powerful: scale. Vast agricultural land. Competitive labor. Untapped mineral wealth, including gold, potash, and rare earth elements. A young population eager for industrial opportunity. The logic of partnership is almost self-evident. Israeli expertise paired with Ethiopian scale. Advanced technology anchored in cost-effective manufacturing. Innovation linked to expanding African markets. Such cooperation is not born of necessity alone, but of strategic comfort. Ethiopia and Israel do not view one another through the lens of rivalry. There is no historic animosity, no territorial dispute, no zero-sum calculus. That absence of fear creates space for trust. And trust, in geopolitics, is rare currency. The Red Sea Dimension There is also a quieter strategic layer to this visit. Ethiopia’s pursuit of peaceful and mutually beneficial access to the Red Sea is not framed as expansionism but as economic realism. For a nation of over 130 million aspiring to industrial transformation, maritime access shapes logistics, trade competitiveness, and long-term sustainability. The southern Red Sea corridor has grown increasingly complex in recent years, marked by overlapping interests and heightened security concerns. A stable, economically integrated Ethiopia with reliable sea access would not unsettle the region; it could help anchor it. For Israel, itself a Red Sea actor, stability in the Horn of Africa is not an abstract calculation. It is practical foresight. Secure trade routes, balanced regional dynamics, and economic interdependence reduce the incentive for militarized competition. Shared prosperity, in this sense, becomes shared security. A Strategic Convergence Ethiopia’s membership in an international organizations and blocs would add another dimension. As global economic alignments evolve, Addis Ababa’s position within emerging blocs carries weight. Strong ties with Ethiopia offer Israel access not only to African markets, but to a trusted partner within new financial and geopolitical frameworks. Conversely, Ethiopia benefits from Israel’s global networks, venture capital ecosystems, research institutions, and innovation pipelines. This is not dependency. It is convergence — two nations aligning interests without erasing sovereignty. The Human Bridge Above all, the relationship is sustained by people. Hundreds of thousands of Israeli citizens trace their roots to Ethiopia. Their families span both lands. Their aspirations connect both societies. The security of Israel resonates in Ethiopian homes; Ethiopia’s stability matters deeply to communities in Israel. Few diplomatic partnerships carry such intimate human stakes. Security for one strengthens the other. A Moment of Reawakening Africa itself is rising, demographically, economically, politically. The 21st century is steadily redefining power not by size alone, but by partnerships forged across continents. Ethiopia and Israel stand at a rare intersection: two ancient civilizations with modern ambitions, neither threatening the other, both seeking growth, stability, and technological progress. From Addis Ababa’s highlands to the Mediterranean coast of Tel Aviv, from wheat fields to research laboratories, from mineral deposits to digital platforms, the possibilities are tangible. If cultivated with clarity, President Herzog’s visit will be remembered not simply as a diplomatic engagement, but as a moment of reawakening, when history and strategy recognized one another once again. Two ancient nations. Two resilient peoples. One emerging horizon.

By staff writer Addis Ababa, February 24, 2026 (ENA): When Africa’s leaders converge on Ethiopia's capital and depart speaking not only of diplomacy but of admiration, it signals that something far greater than protocol is at work. Over the past week, as heads of state from across the continent, alongside high-profile diplomats from beyond Africa — gathered in Addis Ababa for high-level engagements, one message resonated clearly and consistently. This was more than a summit season. Addis Ababa is not merely hosting Africa. It is shaping its direction, commanding its narrative, and redefining its place in the global order. A Capital That Commands Admiration Motorcades swept through newly expanded corridors, past illuminated boulevards and landscaped avenues of Addis Ababa, as presidents and prime ministers from across the continent gathered in the diplomatic heart of Africa. Among the most striking public reactions came from the President John Dramani Mahama of Ghana, who, after witnessing the city’s transformation firsthand, took to social media to express admiration, declaring that Addis Ababa: “Is a beautiful city, it truly qualifies as Africa’s capital.” The remark reverberated widely across continental media platforms, symbolizing a broader sentiment shared quietly in diplomatic corridors: Ethiopia’s capital has undergone a transformation that aligns infrastructure with continental ambition. Other African leaders echoed similar sentiments during bilateral discussions, praising the city’s modern transport networks, green spaces, and integrated development corridors. Diplomats described Addis as a living showcase of African possibility, while visiting delegations noted the speed and coherence of the city’s renewal projects. For a city long known primarily as the seat of the African Union, Addis Ababa is now increasingly recognized as a symbol of contemporary African urban renaissance. Diplomacy Reinforced: Ethiopia’s Indispensable Role The presence of multiple heads of state further underscored Ethiopia’s growing geopolitical centrality. The recent visit of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Türkiye marked a defining diplomatic moment. Speaking to journalists aboard his presidential aircraft on his return journey, President Erdoğan emphasized that pursuing Türkiye’s African ambitions without Ethiopia is impossible, affirming that Ankara works with Addis Ababa with a sense of equality and brotherhood. Such a statement from a global actor with expansive African engagement signals a recalibrated diplomatic equation—one in which Ethiopia is not peripheral but pivotal. Likewise, Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni of Italy’s visit reflected Europe’s renewed strategic attention toward Ethiopia as a stabilizing anchor in the Horn of Africa and a gateway to the continent. Analysts note that Ethiopia’s demographic scale, military capability, and strategic location along critical maritime corridors elevate its leverage in regional diplomacy. The language of “partnership of equals” is no longer aspirational. It is operational. The “Addis Miracle”: A Global Social Media Phenomenon While presidents spoke in meeting halls, another conversation erupted online. A video of a presidential convoy gliding through Addis Ababa’s modern avenues triggered a viral storm across X and YouTube. The footage showcased wide expressways, synchronized lighting systems, and skyline vistas that many viewers compared to advanced Asian metropolises. From India to Ghana, from Germany to Türkiye, users expressed astonishment. Some Indian commentators candidly observed that despite their country’s multi-trillion-dollar economy, they struggle to identify a single city matching the seamless modernity captured in Addis. In Ghana, several radio and online programs reportedly dedicated full segments to discussing infrastructure gaps in their own cities after viewers drew comparisons with Addis Ababa. Even European commentators admitted surprise, with some noting that aspects of Addis’s new corridors rival infrastructure found in parts of Europe. Urban development experts attribute this to Ethiopia’s corridor development strategy—integrating transport, green areas, pedestrian pathways, and commercial zones into cohesive urban planning. The result is not superficial beautification but systemic transformation. In the digital age, perception travels faster than policy. This week, perception worked in Ethiopia’s favor. A Sovereign Signal: The 65th Anniversary of the Special Operations Command Beyond diplomacy and infrastructure, Ethiopia projected sovereign resolve during the 65th Anniversary of its Special Operations Command in Hawassa. Presided over by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, the military commemoration was both ceremonial and strategic. Precision formations, advanced equipment displays, and disciplined drills conveyed readiness and deterrence. The Prime Minister underscored that Ethiopia’s defense posture is anchored in peace-building, declaring that the nation’s preparations are designed to guarantee stability across East Africa and the continent at large. He emphasized Ethiopia’s aspiration to serve as a pillar of regional security, a protector and stabilizing force. Of particular note was the expansion of training capabilities beyond traditional land and mountainous operations to include maritime competencies, an acknowledgment of evolving strategic realities. Analysts observe that a nation of more than 130 million people, with expanding economic ambitions, must think in multidimensional terms about security and access. The message was clear—strength is not a departure from diplomacy; it is its guarantor. Development on the Ground: Irrigation, Industry, and Self-Reliance Meanwhile, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed continued inspecting transformative projects across the country, including large-scale irrigation initiatives and industrial hubs in the Wollega zones. The Arjo-Didessa irrigation project stands as a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s drive toward food security and agricultural modernization. By expanding irrigated farmland, the project reduces reliance on erratic rainfall and strengthens export potential. Industrial parks and agro-processing centers in development further demonstrate Ethiopia’s commitment to value addition, job creation, and import substitution—critical pillars for long-term economic sovereignty. PM Abiy’s engagements underscore a consistent philosophy: diplomacy elevates a nation’s voice, military strength protects its sovereignty, but economic productivity sustains its future. A Nation Reframed From the admiration of African presidents to viral global discourse on urban transformation; from strategic declarations by global leaders to measurable financial sector confidence; from disciplined military display to expansive irrigation projects, Ethiopia has occupied international headlines with a distinctly positive tone. It is not a single event that defines this moment, but the convergence of many. Ethiopia is no longer merely reacting to regional dynamics. The East African nation is shaping them. It is no longer a peripheral subject of analysis. It is a central actor in continental strategy. On the spotlight it stands, radiant, sovereign, and ascending with unmistakable confidence. From conference diplomacy to corridor development, from regional security to agricultural modernization, Ethiopia has captured both global media attention and digital imagination. Its trajectory, multidimensional and assertive, is redefining how the nation is perceived, and perhaps more importantly, how it perceives itself. In this season of convergence, Ethiopia is not simply present. It is prominent.

By Henok Tadele HAILE Addis Ababa, February 17, 2026 (ENA)—Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan will soon touch down in Addis Ababa, a visit arriving at a moment when both nations are redefining their regional and global roles. The trip represents the renewal of a historic friendship and signals the growing importance of cooperation between two countries whose shared ambitions increasingly intersect across trade, security, and continental influence. The arrival of Türkiye’s Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Addis Ababa comes with symbolism that reaches far beyond diplomatic protocol. A few years ago, at one of Ethiopia’s most delicate moments, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed travelled to Türkiye and was received with extraordinary dignity and warmth. The ceremonial welcome, marked by tradition and honor, reflected a relationship built on trust rather than convenience. As President Erdoğan prepares to step onto Ethiopian soil, there is a strong sense of historical balance, as if two long standing partners are continuing a conversation that has lasted generations. Ethiopia has often stood as one of Türkiye’s most reliable and consistent friends in Africa. This visit carries the feeling of reconnecting with a trusted ally whose stability, ambition, and influence continue to grow across the continent. A Friendship Rooted in Deep History The connection between Türkiye and Ethiopia stretches back long before modern diplomacy. Trade and cultural exchanges between the Horn of Africa and Anatolia existed through ancient maritime routes linking the Red Sea to Mediterranean markets. Through centuries, interaction continued during imperial periods and gradually transformed into formal diplomatic relations that have remained remarkably consistent. The transition from historic interaction to formal modern diplomacy began in 1896, when delegations were exchanged between Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II and Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II, marking the first structured diplomatic contact between the two states. Relations deepened further with the opening of the Ottoman Consulate in Harar in 1912. The modern diplomatic foundation was firmly established when the Republic of Türkiye opened its first embassy in Sub Saharan Africa in Addis Ababa in 1926, followed by Ethiopia opening its embassy in Ankara in 1933. These milestones laid the institutional groundwork for a relationship that has endured political transitions and continues to expand in scope and strategic importance. Modern ties grew stronger during the twentieth century through embassies, trade cooperation, and development partnerships. Over time, these relations have matured into one of the most stable and dependable partnerships linking Africa and Eurasia. Ethiopia’s Economic Rise and a Future Taking Shape Ethiopia is undergoing one of the fastest economic transformations on the African continent. Massive infrastructure expansion, industrial development, and urban modernization are reshaping the country’s economic landscape at remarkable speed. The country is already among Africa’s largest economies, and current growth momentum suggests a clear path toward becoming the continent’s leading economic powerhouse within the coming decade. Such rapid transformation naturally attracts strategic partners who recognize long term opportunity. Türkiye, with its diversified industrial base and advanced manufacturing capabilities, stands in a strong position to grow alongside Ethiopia’s development journey. Two Nations Creating a Market of Enormous Potential Demographic strength adds another dimension to this partnership. Türkiye’s population of more than eighty five million and Ethiopia’s population exceeding one hundred thirty million create a combined market that offers extraordinary production and consumption capacity. Cooperation between the two nations has the potential to stimulate trade, manufacturing, and technology development that could serve markets across Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. Working through Ethiopia also provides Türkiye a natural gateway into Africa’s rapidly expanding economic networks, especially as continental trade integration continues to accelerate. Aviation and Continental Connectivity Africa’s commercial connectivity still relies heavily on aviation due to limited ground transportation links. Ethiopian Airlines has built one of the most extensive air networks across Africa, connecting major business and political capitals with remarkable efficiency. Ethiopia’s aviation leadership offers Türkiye valuable access to African markets and logistics channels. Cooperation between Addis Ababa and Istanbul as major global aviation hubs creates strong potential for knowledge exchange, joint logistics development, and expanded trade routes linking continents. Infrastructure Dreams and Construction Opportunities Ethiopia’s development strategy over the next decade includes major projects in transportation, energy, and urban housing. New railway corridors, hydroelectric dams, airports, and large scale housing developments are expected to transform both economic productivity and living standards. Turkish construction firms have gained global recognition for technical expertise, speed, and efficiency in delivering complex infrastructure. Expanded cooperation in this sector could open opportunities worth billions of dollars while accelerating Ethiopia’s modernization goals. Turning Ethiopia’s Iron and Steel Vision into Reality Türkiye is recognized as a major global player in iron and steel production, possessing advanced industrial knowledge and strong manufacturing capacity. Ethiopia, meanwhile, holds enormous deposits of iron ore and possesses the raw potential to establish a competitive domestic steel industry. Collaboration between Turkish industrial expertise and Ethiopia’s natural resources could transform Ethiopia’s long standing ambition of building a strong iron and steel sector into a tangible reality. Such development would not only support Ethiopia’s infrastructure boom but also position the country as a regional manufacturing center, creating employment and strengthening industrial independence. Mining, Energy, and Industrial Expansion Beyond iron and steel, Ethiopia holds significant reserves of gold, natural gas, and rare earth minerals that are becoming increasingly valuable in modern technology and renewable energy production. Türkiye’s experience in mining extraction and processing offers strong opportunities for partnership that could unlock Ethiopia’s resource potential while strengthening industrial supply chains for both nations. Investment Confidence and Growing Economic Trust Türkiye has already established itself as one of the most significant foreign investors in Ethiopia. Turkish companies operate across manufacturing, textiles, construction, and service sectors, employing tens of thousands of Ethiopian workers and contributing to industrial growth. Ethiopia’s strong economic expansion and increasing industrial diversification suggest that investment opportunities will continue to grow. Long term cooperation in manufacturing and industry could further deepen economic ties and create mutual prosperity. Security, Maritime Stability, and Regional Balance Ethiopia’s pursuit of reliable maritime access carries implications beyond trade. Strengthened engagement in Red Sea security could contribute to stability along one of the world’s most important maritime trade corridors. Historically, Ethiopia’s naval presence helped maintain stability in parts of the southern Red Sea, and renewed engagement could reinforce regional maritime security. Such stability benefits international shipping, trade safety, and economic reliability, outcomes that align closely with Türkiye’s strategic interests as a major trading nation. Diplomatic Influence and Continental Reach Ethiopia holds unique political importance as host of the African Union, where major continental policies and diplomatic initiatives are shaped. Partnerships with Ethiopia naturally extend influence across Africa’s political and economic landscape, opening broader cooperation opportunities for Türkiye throughout the continent. Türkiye’s position within the G20 further strengthens the strategic weight of this relationship, linking African growth with global economic leadership. A Visit That Signals a Strategic Future President Erdoğan’s visit arrives at a moment when both countries are expanding their regional and global influence. The visit is expected to deepen economic partnerships, strengthen diplomatic coordination, and create new pathways for industrial and technological cooperation. More importantly, it reinforces the idea that relations between Türkiye and Ethiopia are built on reliability, historical trust, and shared ambition. As Ethiopia accelerates its rise and Türkiye expands its global economic presence, cooperation between the two nations carries the promise of reshaping trade, industry, and regional stability. This visit feels less like the beginning of a new chapter and more like the continuation of a long story, one where two nations separated by geography continue to discover how closely their futures can align.

By Molla Mitiku Addis Ababa, February 13, 2026 (ENA)—Seventy years after the formal birth of the Pan-African project, the African Union stands as Africa’s most enduring collective political enterprise. Forged in the crucible of anti-colonial struggle and shaped by decades of reform, conflict, and institutional experimentation, the Union has reached a decisive moment. In 2026, its relevance is measured not by declarations but by delivery. The defining question is whether the AU can convert continental diplomacy into concrete gains in peace, prosperity, and dignity for Africa’s 1.4 billion people. The Union’s journey reflects Africa’s long effort to reclaim agency in a global system that once marginalized it. From the intellectual ferment of early Pan-Africanism to the complex geopolitical terrain of the twenty-first century, the AU embodies an unfinished struggle to transform a shared history of resistance into a future of collective strength. Established initially to dismantle colonial rule and defend newly won sovereignty, its mandate has steadily expanded. Today it spans conflict prevention, economic integration, climate resilience, and the assertion of African interests in global governance. Yet a central tension persists. The Union must balance the sanctity of national sovereignty with the growing necessity of shared responsibility for peace, development, and accountability. Continental Unity The African Union is the institutional heir to Pan-Africanism, a movement born in the late nineteenth century among Africans and people of African descent confronting slavery, racism, and colonial domination. What began as a transnational intellectual current evolved into a political program at the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester, where future leaders rejected gradual reform and demanded immediate self-rule. Ghana’s independence in 1957 marked a turning point. Its first president, Kwame Nkrumah, argued that political freedom without economic unity would leave Africa exposed to external control. He warned that “Africa must unite” or remain trapped in dependency and exploitation. His insistence on industrialization and control over natural resources continues to shape policy debates across the continent. As independence spread, African leaders divided over the pace and depth of unity. The Casablanca Group favored rapid political integration, including a common defense structure and a strong central authority. The Monrovia Group urged caution, prioritizing state sovereignty and cooperation limited to selected sectors. The compromise between these visions produced the Organization of African Unity in May 1963. The OAU committed itself to completing decolonization and preserving inherited borders while pledging non-interference in internal affairs. The OAU Era: Gains and Limitations For nearly four decades, the OAU functioned as Africa’s diplomatic shield. Through its Liberation Committee in Dar es Salaam, it coordinated support for anti-colonial movements across Southern Africa. The independence of Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Namibia, followed by the end of apartheid in South Africa, remains among its most tangible achievements. Yet the principles that held the organization together also constrained it. Respect for colonial borders reduced interstate conflict but entrenched internal divisions. Non-interference, designed to protect fragile states from external manipulation, increasingly shielded authoritarian rule. By the early 1990s, Africa’s gravest threats were internal conflicts, civil wars, and state collapse. The failure to prevent the 1994 Rwandan genocide exposed the tragic limits of this approach. Prolonged wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone reinforced the realization that absolute sovereignty was untenable when states turned against their own citizens. These crises compelled African leaders to rethink continental governance. That reassessment culminated in the creation of the African Union in 2002. Its Constitutive Act introduced the doctrine of non-indifference, granting the Union the right to intervene in cases of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. This marked a historic shift by placing the protection of people alongside the authority of the state. To give substance to this mandate, the AU established the African Peace and Security Architecture, anchored by the Peace and Security Council and supported by the African Standby Force. Early missions in Burundi, Darfur, and Somalia demonstrated a willingness to act. The long-running operation in Somalia showed that African-led interventions could stabilize fragile environments. At the same time, these missions revealed a persistent weakness. Peace operations remain heavily dependent on external financing, limiting strategic autonomy. Ethiopia: Architect and Anchor of the Union Ethiopia’s role in shaping continental unity is both historical and contemporary. As the only African state to defeat a European colonial power during the Scramble for Africa, its victory at Adwa in 1896 provided a psychological foundation for Pan-Africanism. This legacy earned Ethiopia recognition as a symbol of resistance and inspired leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah and Nelson Mandela, who received his first military training there. Ethiopia’s diplomatic influence proved decisive during the ideological rifts of the early 1960s. Under Emperor Haile Selassie, Addis Ababa hosted the summit that founded the OAU, offering neutral ground at a moment of division. By becoming the permanent seat of the continental organization, Ethiopia ensured that Africa’s collective deliberations would take place on African soil. Today, as host of both the African Union and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa remains a central hub of continental diplomacy. Ethiopia has also emerged as a major contributor to African peace and security. For more than seven decades, it has ranked among the leading providers of peacekeepers to United Nations and AU missions, from the Congo in the 1960s to present deployments in Somalia, South Sudan, and Abyei. These contributions have often helped prevent wider regional instability. Economic and physical integration form another pillar of Ethiopia’s continental engagement. Ethiopian Airlines connects dozens of African capitals, facilitating trade, tourism, and people-to-people ties. In energy, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has positioned the country as a source of renewable power for the region, exporting electricity to Djibouti, Kenya, and Sudan and promoting interdependence. Ethiopia’s early ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Area signals its commitment to a unified market. Symbolically, Ethiopia’s influence extends across culture and identity. The green, gold, and red of its national flag were adopted by more than twenty African states at independence. More recently, the Green Legacy Initiative, aimed at planting billions of trees, has placed Ethiopia at the forefront of Africa’s climate response, linking environmental stewardship to continental resilience. Agenda 2063 and the Economic Frontier The African Union’s long-term vision is articulated in Agenda 2063, titled “The Africa We Want.” Now in its Second Ten-Year Implementation Plan for 2024 to 2033, often described as the Decade of Acceleration, the agenda seeks to transform Africa into an integrated, prosperous continent driven by its own citizens. Central to this ambition is structural economic change that moves Africa beyond primary commodity exports. The African Continental Free Trade Area stands at the heart of this effort. Bringing together 55 economies, it is the world’s largest free trade area by membership. By 2026, the AfCFTA has progressed from legal adoption to guided trade, with protocols on digital trade and investment underway. Its goal is to raise intra-African trade from about 15 to 18 percent to more than 50 percent by 2045 through tariff reduction, harmonized rules of origin, and regional value chains. Structural obstacles remain formidable. Africa faces an annual infrastructure financing gap estimated between 68 and 108 billion dollars. Weak transport corridors, inefficient borders, and energy shortages continue to undermine industrial growth. Non-tariff barriers such as complex customs procedures often prove more restrictive than tariffs themselves. To address these constraints, the AU has prioritized soft infrastructure. The Pan-African Payment and Settlement System allows cross-border trade in local currencies, saving an estimated five billion dollars annually in conversion costs. If combined with investments in transport, energy, and digital connectivity, the AfCFTA could lift 30 million people out of extreme poverty and strengthen Africa’s position in global negotiations. Persisting Political Challenges as Water Takes Center Stage at Annual Summit As the AU marks its seventieth year, it faces renewed political stress. A resurgence of military coups and democratic erosion has tested its credibility. While instruments such as the Lomé Declaration and the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance exist, uneven enforcement has raised questions about political resolve. The challenge is to move beyond suspension and sanctions toward restoring constitutional order and preventing term-limit manipulation. Against this backdrop, the 39th Ordinary Session of the Assembly in February 2026 adopted the theme “Assuring Sustainable Water Availability and Safe Sanitation Systems to Achieve the Goals of Agenda 2063.” This choice reflects a recognition that water is no longer a technical issue but a core security concern. With Africa’s population projected to reach 2.5 billion by 2050 and climate pressures intensifying, competition over water affects food systems, energy production, and social stability. By elevating water to the highest political level, the AU has acknowledged that development and security are inseparable. Industrialization under the AfCFTA, agricultural transformation under the CAADP strategy, and energy cooperation through transboundary projects such as the GERD all depend on reliable water management. As one AU official noted during the 2026 summit, “Water is the thread that holds the goals of Agenda 2063 together.” All told, at seventy, the African Union stands at a defining crossroads between aspiration and accountability. The vision of leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah and Haile Selassie was rooted in dignity, unity, and shared prosperity for Africa’s people. In 2026, collective action is no longer a matter of choice but of necessity. Whether the Union can bridge the gap between continental ambition and national implementation will shape the trajectory of the continent for generations to come. From advancing health sovereignty through the African Medicines Agency to confronting the water–energy–food nexus, the AU’s mission has evolved from political liberation to economic and social transformation. The next decades will determine whether it becomes a decisive engine of change — or remains a compelling vision still striving to be fully realized in the daily lives of its people.

By Henok Tadele Addis Ababa, February 7, 2026 (ENA)--When African leaders gathered in Addis Ababa in May 1963 to establish the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the choice of venue was deliberate. Ethiopia had long occupied a distinctive place in the African political imagination — not only because it preserved its sovereignty during the colonial era, but because it symbolized the possibility of African self-determination at a time when much of the continent was under foreign rule. Long before African unity became institutionalized, Ethiopia represented political continuity in a continent fragmented by imperial expansion. The Battle of Adwa in 1896 did more than secure Ethiopia’s independence; it challenged the prevailing colonial assumption that Africa could be partitioned without resistance. For anti-colonial leaders and intellectuals across Africa and in the diaspora, Ethiopia stood as proof that sovereignty could be defended. From Symbol to Institution Builder By the early 1960s, Africa was undergoing rapid transformation. Newly independent states were defining their political identities and seeking a framework for continental cooperation. The urgency for unity was clear. Addis Ababa provided both historic legitimacy and diplomatic space. Emperor Haile Selassie played a central role in convening leaders whose ideological differences could easily have derailed the process. The divisions between the Casablanca and Monrovia groups required careful negotiation. Ethiopia’s approach emphasized cohesion and consensus, helping to ensure that unity prevailed over fragmentation. The OAU Charter, signed on May 25, 1963, enshrined principles that would guide African diplomacy for generations — sovereignty, territorial integrity, non-interference, and solidarity against colonialism and apartheid. Ethiopia did not merely host the founding summit; it invested sustained political commitment in supporting the institution’s continuity and credibility. Addis Ababa soon evolved into more than a meeting venue. It became the diplomatic capital of Africa. Supporting Liberation and Continental Solidarity Throughout the liberation struggles in Southern Africa, Ethiopia offered diplomatic backing, advocacy, and consistent support for anti-colonial movements within the OAU framework. The eventual independence of several African nations and the dismantling of apartheid were shaped by coordinated continental efforts in which Ethiopia was an active participant. Ethiopia’s role was steady and institutional, reinforcing the conviction that African challenges required collective African responses. This principle became a defining feature of continental diplomacy. From the OAU to the African Union As Africa entered a new century, the transformation of the OAU into the African Union (AU) in 2002 marked a structural evolution in continental governance. The AU introduced stronger mechanisms for peace and security, economic integration, and political accountability. Ethiopia remained at the center of this transition. As host of the AU headquarters, including the modern complex inaugurated in 2012 — the country reaffirmed its long-standing commitment to African multilateralism. Addis Ababa continues to serve as the political heart of continental deliberation, where major decisions affecting Africa’s future are debated and shaped. Peacekeeping and Regional Responsibility Beyond institutional hosting, Ethiopia has been among the leading African contributors to UN and AU peacekeeping missions. Ethiopian forces have served in Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Abyei, and other areas requiring stabilization efforts. These contributions reflect a practical commitment to continental peace and security. Ethiopia has also engaged in diplomatic initiatives within the Horn of Africa and neighboring regions, recognizing that regional stability is inseparable from continental progress. Development and African Self-Reliance Ethiopia’s continental contribution has also extended into development policy. Its emphasis on infrastructure, renewable energy, industrialization, and regional power connectivity has aligned with broader African aspirations for economic transformation. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), financed largely through domestic resources, has been presented as an example of African self-financed development. It reflects a broader continental discussion about economic sovereignty and internal resource mobilization as pathways to long-term independence. Today, Addis Ababa hosts not only the AU Commission but also the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and numerous regional institutions. The city remains a central platform for dialogue on trade integration, including the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). An Enduring Continental Anchor Ethiopia’s national history has spanned monarchy, revolution, reform, and renewal. Through these transformations, its continental commitment has remained constant. For more than six decades, Addis Ababa has provided continuity, space, and diplomatic grounding for African cooperation. The OAU — and later the AU — required a stable political home. Ethiopia has fulfilled that role with consistency. In the history of African integration, Ethiopia offered early inspiration through resistance and later provided institutional shelter for unity to take shape. It helped give structure to the vision of continental solidarity — and continues to host the forum where Africa defines its collective future. Conclusion In the coming days, Addis Ababa will once again host African leaders as the African Union convenes to address key priorities, including water cooperation under Agenda 2063. The focus on sustainable water availability and governance and climate resilience highlights the urgency of collective African solutions to shared challenges. The fact that this dialogue takes place in Addis Ababa reflects enduring continuity. For decades, Ethiopia has provided the diplomatic space where continental priorities are debated and shaped. Ethiopia’s push for renewable energy and regional power interconnection further aligns with these goals. By expanding cross-border electricity links and supporting regional power pools, it has sought to advance energy security as a foundation for integration. As Africa confronts water, energy, and climate challenges, Addis Ababa once again stands at the center of continental deliberation, a forum where Africa defines its common future.

By Yordanos D. Addis Ababa, February 5, 2026 (ENA)—As climate pressure, rapid population growth, and rising energy demand reshape the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is positioning renewable electricity at the center of regional transformation. The country is increasingly linking domestic electrification with cross-border power trade to promote regional integration and shared prosperity. Through the expansion of hydropower capacity, accelerated development of wind and solar energy, and the scaling-up of cross-border electricity trade, Ethiopia is transforming power infrastructure into a strategic pillar of economic development. Beyond its borders, the East African nation is also catalyzing regional diplomacy—while advancing its national ambition of achieving universal energy access by 2030. The strategy redefines regional cooperation by anchoring interdependence in clean power systems, with high-voltage transmission lines binding neighboring economies into a shared energy market. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has repeatedly projected electricity as both a driver of transformation and a diplomatic instrument. Speaking at the inauguration of the Aysha II Wind Energy Project on 31 January 2026, he said, “Electricity is not only power for our homes and businesses; electricity is power for peace, cooperation and shared prosperity across borders.” He added that regional interconnection creates “a future where our economies grow together rather than in isolation.” At the center of this vision stands the 5,150-megawatt Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, the backbone of Ethiopia’s power system and a symbol of national self-reliance. Responding to questions from parliament on 3 February 2026, the Prime Minister stated, “It cannot be said that a government which successfully completed the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam without any external financing is incapable of carrying out major projects.” He added, “Every single birr of GERD was funded by Ethiopians alone.” He has emphasized that “development should not be a zero-sum game, especially when it comes to shared natural resources.” While hydropower will continue to dominate, diversification is accelerating. The 120-megawatt Aysha II Wind Project near the Djibouti border marks a key step. Inaugurated in the presence of regional leaders, the Prime Minister described it as “a symbol of our commitment to a diversified and climate resilient energy future.” Ethiopia’s grid expansion is turning the country into a regional power corridor. Kenya imports about 200 megawatts and plans to double that within five years through the 1,045-kilometer high-voltage transmission line linking the two countries. Djibouti relies heavily on Ethiopian power for its ports and logistics hubs, while new links with Tanzania, Somalia and South Sudan are expanding the Eastern Africa Power Pool and reducing costly diesel dependence. Analysts view this as a structural shift, with electricity becoming the backbone of regional markets and industry. Domestically, the National Energy Compact aims to raise electricity access to 75 percent and clean cooking access to nearly 58 percent by 2030. According to the 2025 Energy Access Survey, 65 percent of households have some form of electricity, but only 44 percent enjoy basic service. Ethiopia already generates more than 95 percent of its power from renewables. However, more than 92 percent of households still rely on traditional biomass for cooking, and reliability and financing constraints remain challenges. The Compact aligns with broader reform programs and Ethiopia’s net-zero 2050 commitment, focusing on access expansion, infrastructure investment, regional trade and financial sustainability. The plan targets raising generation capacity to 14,000 megawatts by 2030 and mobilizing over three billion dollars in private investment. Minister of Water and Energy Habtamu Itefa said, “We have made significant strides in providing power to remote areas,” noting over 320,000 new connections in six months. In the first half of 2025/26, electricity exports contributed to more than 5.1 billion dollars in export earnings. Finance Minister Ahmed Shide stated, “Energy integration is the cornerstone of stability in the Horn.” Diplomatic challenges remain, but officials reaffirm commitment to dialogue and shared benefits. Policy analyst Hana Bekele said diversification into wind and solar is “a risk management strategy that will determine the resilience of the entire regional grid.” In parallel, the government has launched the Made in Ethiopia initiative to localize the manufacture of wind and solar components, strengthening energy security and reducing exposure to global supply chain disruptions. With expanding hydropower, wind and geothermal projects, Ethiopia is positioning itself as a continental reference point for renewable development while strengthening peace through shared growth. As Ethiopia moves toward 2030 and prepares to host COP32 in 2027, it is advancing a model where renewable power drives growth, integration and stability across the Horn.

By Temesgen Assefa Addis Ababa, January 29, 2026 (ENA) -The IGAD region, of which Ethiopia is a vital component, is a dynamic and strategic region demographically, economically, and politically. The region is home to over 230 million people, most of them young, a demographic reality that carries both opportunity and risk. The region faces a convergence of complex challenges, confronting overlapping economic, social, and environmental pressures. At the center of these pressures, climate change has emerged as a powerful accelerant, intensifying vulnerability and placing unprecedented strain on natural resources. The effects of climate change are increasingly visible, ranging from prolonged droughts and sudden floods to erratic rainfall patterns that disrupt water availability and agricultural productivity. These climate shocks, compounded by environmental degradation, resource scarcity, conflict, and poverty, have reshaped livelihoods across the region. One of the most visible outcomes of this pressure is migration—both within and beyond national borders. Internal displacement is widespread, as rural communities move toward urban centers in search of alternative livelihoods. This movement has contributed to the rapid expansion of informal settlements and growing pressure on urban infrastructure and basic services. Cross-border migration has also intensified, driven by economic hardship, climate stress, and insecurity, making population movement a defining feature of the region’s current reality. Understanding the links between climate change, economic opportunity, and migration is therefore essential. Against this backdrop, Ethiopia has embarked on an ambitious rural transformation agenda aimed at strengthening climate resilience and easing migration pressures—both domestically and across the wider Horn of Africa. Ethiopia’s agricultural transformation initiatives are not merely economic interventions; they represent a broader strategy to tackle poverty, unemployment, and environmental degradation through systemic change in rural production. These initiatives increasingly serve as a reference point for other countries in the Horn of Africa seeking to build climate-resilient rural communities and reduce migration pressures. Agricultural Commercialization Cluster (ACC): The Engine of Rural Transformation According to the Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Institute, the Agricultural Commercialization Cluster (ACC) program stands at the core of Ethiopia’s rural transformation efforts. Launched in its first phase from 2019 to 2025, the program has reached approximately 4.4 million farmers across 311 woredas, focusing on 11 strategically selected commodities. These include staple grains such as wheat, maize, and teff, alongside high-value horticultural crops like avocado and banana. The defining feature of the ACC program is its clustering approach, designed to address land fragmentation—one of the most persistent constraints on agricultural productivity in rural Ethiopia. By enabling farmers to voluntarily form clusters of at least 0.25 hectares, the program promotes coordinated production, shared standards, and collective learning. With farmers cultivating the same commodities and applying improved agronomic practices, productivity gains have exceeded national averages. Between 2019 and 2025, grain yields increased by 34 percent, while horticultural horticultural yields skyrocketed by an impressive 193 percent. Building up on upon the previous ACC initiative, Agricultural Commercialization through Climate-Smart and Inclusive Innovations (ACCII) was recently launched and being implemented in the country. Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Institute Director-General Mandefro Nigussie said that the new initiative include selection of additional strategic commodities alongside the original eleven. Also, the geographic coverage of ACCII has been expanded to reach more regions across the country, the director-general noted. In terms of financial model, ACCII will implement a co-investment model, enhancing support for primary change agents, including smallholder farmers and other stakeholders. The director-general stated that the program has mainstream climate change initiatives, gender equality, and youth empowerment while transforming farmer production clusters into established agricultural companies. From Inputs to Markets: Strengthening the Value Chain Productivity alone, however, is insufficient to sustain rural livelihoods without reliable access to inputs, finance, and markets. To address this gap, Ethiopia’s rural transformation strategy integrates interventions across the entire agricultural value chain. The establishment of Agricultural One-Stop Shops (AOSS) has been central to this effort. More than 360 centers have been established nationwide, providing nearly 12 million farmers with improved access to inputs and extension services. These centers facilitate annual transactions estimated at ETB 3.5 billion and have created approximately 2,400 permanent jobs. Similarly, the Cooperative-Based Seed Production (CBSP) initiative strengthens access to quality seeds by partnering with cooperatives and private producers, supplying 15–17 percent of the country’s annual seed demand. To ease financing constraints, the Input Voucher System (IVS) has enabled 9.5 million farmers to access essential agricultural inputs, generating transactions worth more than ETB 48.4 billion. Farmers’ Experience: Evidence from the Field Beyond institutional metrics, the impact of the ACC program is reflected in the lived experience of farming communities, particularly in Oromia Region’s Arsi Zone. The ACC program has enhanced both productivity and livelihoods, according to farmers in the area. One beneficiary, Gezahegn Arega from Limuna Bilbilo district, told ENA that farmers previously struggled with low yields and inefficient practices before the introduction of the ACC program. According to him, the program enabled the establishment of mechanization centers and one-stop agricultural input shops, significantly improving crop production. “The support from ACC has significantly increased our crop yields. We now have better access to resources and training that is essential for our success.” Abdela Feyso, a member of a seed-producing farmers’ cooperative near Bekoji town, said training and access to certified seeds and agricultural machinery transformed how farmers approach production. He noted that adapting to new methods has led to improved harvests and higher incomes for both his family and the wider community. “We have now better access to markets which allow us to sell our produce at fair prices. This has made a huge difference in our livelihood.” Abera Tullu, a farmer in Digeluna Tijo district, emphasized that the ACC program fostered a strong sense of community among participating farmers. He explained that increased output has enabled farmers to produce surpluses, moving beyond subsistence livelihoods. Previously, the community lived hand-to-mouth; however, the introduction of mechanization and one-stop services has markedly improved livelihoods. Kemal Aman, another farmer from the same district, said agricultural mechanization and input services have significantly enhanced productivity. “Currently, we are producing an average of 60 quintals per hectare.” Abdurahman Haji, Manager of Galema Farmers’ Cooperative Union, noted that agricultural commercialization has generated collective benefits across the community. “We see improvements in local economies. These are encouraging to all of us.” Institutional Coordination and Scale Oromia Region ACC Director Zelalem Jaleta said the Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Institute, in collaboration with farmers’ cooperative unions, has strengthened production infrastructure across the region. This includes the construction of 12 seed warehouses, installation of seed-cleaning machines, and establishment of four mechanization centers. He noted that the results demonstrate what is possible when institutional support, cooperative structures, and farmer participation align. Jobs, Youth, and the Migration Question Unemployment remains a major challenge in Ethiopia, particularly among young people. Over the next decade, more than 12 million individuals are expected to enter the working-age population, intensifying the need for sustainable job creation. In response, the Agricultural-focused Dignified Employment for Youth in Ethiopia (ADEY) program, implemented in partnership with Mastercard Foundation—supported by a USD 74.5 million investment—aims to create 611,000 sustainable jobs, with particular emphasis on young women. Building on the ACC platform, ADEY targets high-value agricultural commodities such as soybean, poultry, and dairy, while promoting skills development, access to finance, and agricultural entrepreneurship. For Ethiopia, youth employment is not only an economic imperative but also a critical lever in addressing migration pressures. Climate Resilience as a Core Strategy Climate resilience forms a central pillar of Ethiopia’s rural transformation agenda. The newly launched Agricultural Commercialization through Climate-Smart and Inclusive Innovations (ACC II) program aims to reinforce climate-smart agriculture, sustainable resource management, and adaptation strategies. Over five years, the initiative plans to support 6.5 million farmers by scaling climate-resilient practices across multiple agricultural systems. The program also designed to address the challenges faced by refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) through a humanitarian development peace approach, targeting the integration of over 300,000 individuals and enhancing their resilience to climate change and socioeconomic challenges. The establishment of Agribusiness Companies (ABCs) further strengthens resilience by linking cooperatives with private-sector models and improving access to output markets. Beyond agriculture, rural transformation also encompasses infrastructure development, including roads, telecommunications, and access to healthcare—foundations for stable and resilient rural communities. A Regional Reference Point Ethiopia’s rural transformation strategy—anchored in agricultural commercialization, job creation, and climate resilience—offers a comprehensive response to poverty and migration pressures. By strengthening livelihoods at their source, the approach addresses the root causes of rural-urban and cross-border migration. As climate pressures intensify across the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia’s experience illustrates how targeted rural transformation can restore opportunity, build resilience, and contribute to regional stability.

Addis Ababa, January 24, 2026 (ENA) Op-ed by Henok Tadele For centuries, the Abay, known beyond Ethiopia as the Blue Nile—has been spoken of as a river that merely passes through the country, rather than one that is born, nurtured, and sustained within it. The prevailing narrative often celebrates the river’s downstream legacy while overlooking the upstream stewardship that makes its journey possible. As a result, the lion’s share of Ethiopia’s contribution to the world’s longest river remains inadequately communicated, quietly flowing beneath the surface of global discourse. There is no dispute over the figures: nearly 86 percent of the Abay’s total flow originates from Ethiopia’s highlands. Yet numbers alone tell only part of the story. What remains largely absent from international conversations is how Ethiopia’s environmental policies, particularly the ambitious Green Legacy Initiative, have become a decisive force in protecting watersheds, restoring degraded landscapes, and safeguarding the ecological systems that feed the river year after year. Beyond being a mass tree-planting campaign, the Green Legacy Initiative represents a strategic act of green leadership—one that links climate resilience, biodiversity conservation, and water sustainability. By stabilizing soils, replenishing groundwater, and reducing erosion in the Abay Basin, Ethiopia is not merely a source of the river but its guardian. Understanding the future of the Abay, therefore, demands looking beyond the water itself and toward the green vision that keeps its lifeline alive. Across Ethiopia’s highlands, riverbanks, and once-barren hillsides, something quietly historic has been unfolding. Year after year, millions of Ethiopians—farmers, students, civil servants, elders—have bent down to the soil and planted trees. Not as a symbolic gesture, but as a national commitment. The Green Legacy Initiative has now surpassed fifty billion trees, transforming degraded landscapes, stabilizing riverbanks, restoring ecosystems, and slowly replenishing groundwater that feeds the Abay river system itself. Surprisingly, Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative, launched in 2019, has emerged as one of the most ambitious environmental restoration efforts in the world. To date, more than 48 billion trees have been planted nationwide, with a significant share of strategically concentrated in the Abay Basin to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems and protect vital watersheds. This unprecedented effort has raised Ethiopia’s national forest coverage to 23.6 percent, delivering a decisive blow against deforestation while strengthening climate resilience and securing the long-term sustainability of the Abay River. This effort is not cheap. It demands labor, planning, time, and sacrifice from a country that is still struggling with poverty, climate shocks, and development gaps. Ethiopia did not undertake this project for applause, nor solely for itself. Forest cover improves rainfall patterns, reduces soil erosion, limits sedimentation of rivers, and stabilizes water flows downstream. In simple terms, a greener Ethiopia means a healthier Abay basin—one that benefits Sudan and, most of all, Egypt. Yet the burden of this ecological responsibility has been carried almost entirely by Ethiopians alone. It is also unfortunate Egypt, the wealthiest Abay Basin country and the largest downstream beneficiary of Ethiopia’s highlands, has not meaningfully contributed to this environmental effort—not financially, not technically, not even symbolically. Not a single major joint afforestation project. Not a regional green fund. Not a shared vision. This silence is striking, especially when viewed against Egypt’s massive spending on armaments, much of it justified in the name of “water security” and directed, implicitly or explicitly, at Ethiopia itself. Priorities reveal policy. And here, priorities are painfully misplaced. If Egypt had devoted even one-hundredth of its military expenditure toward supporting Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative —toward watershed protection, reforestation, and climate resilience—it would have been a gift not just to Ethiopia, but to the entire region, including Egypt itself. Trees do not threaten nations. Forests do not fire missiles. They stabilize water flows far more effectively than tanks ever could. Instead, Egypt’s approach to water security remains frozen in an earlier century: secure the Abay River by preventing others from touching it. Forbid upstream use. Preserve exclusive control. Treat cooperation as weakness and development elsewhere as danger. This mindset no longer fits the realities of the 21st century. Technology has moved on. Desalination, once prohibitively expensive, is now viable at scale. Countries far smaller and with fewer resources have embraced it decisively. Israel, for example, has secured its water future through large-scale desalination, recycling, and efficiency. It produces surplus water—enough to refill natural lakes and even supply neighbors. This is what strategic thinking looks like: invest in solutions, not fears. Egypt, by contrast, continues to pour billions into weapons while facing mounting urban growth, and climate vulnerability—without building comparable desalination capacity. This is not a question of capability, but of choice. More troubling still is the insistence that Ethiopia should be forbidden from using its own natural resources. All relevant international water principles and treaties recognize the right of upstream countries to equitable and reasonable utilization of shared rivers. Ethiopia is not violating international law by using the Nile; it is exercising a right long denied through colonial-era arrangements that excluded it entirely. Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative stands as a powerful counter-argument to fear-based politics. It shows what responsibility looks like: investing in ecology, thinking long-term, and acting for the common good even when others do not. But responsibility should not be mistaken for submission, nor generosity for silence. The Nile’s future will not be secured by intimidation or outdated claims of exclusivity. It will be secured by cooperation, modern technology, shared investment, and mutual respect. Ethiopia has already shown its hand—green, open, and forward-looking. The question is whether others are willing to do the same. History will not remember who bought more weapons. It will remember who planted trees, preserved water, and chose life over fear.

By Molla Mitiku Every January, as sacred waters are prepared and ancient hymns rise before dawn, Timket (Ethiopian Epiphany) draws Ethiopia into a shared moment of faith and reflection. More than a commemoration of Epiphany, the festival stands at the heart of the nation’s living heritage, linking belief with history, culture, social life, tourism and economic vitality. Rooted in centuries old ritual yet fully alive in the present, Timket shows how a single tradition continues to shape identity, foster unity, sustain livelihoods and project Ethiopia’s heritage to the world. Draped in white cotton garments, millions of Ethiopian Orthodox Christians gather in prayer and song to mark the baptism of Jesus Christ. Timket unfolds not simply as a holy day but as a living national ritual where faith, memory and communal life converge in one of Africa’s oldest public traditions. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has repeatedly described Timket as “a celebration that reminds us of who we are as Ethiopians, a people bound by faith, history and shared values.” The festival, he notes, affirms both spiritual renewal and national continuity. “Our traditions are not relics of the past. They are living forces that guide our present and shape our future,” he has said. According to religious scholars, the word Timket comes from the ancient liturgical language Ge’ez, meaning immersion in water, a direct reference to the baptismal rite at the center of the celebration. Historical records trace its observance as a national religious festival to at least the sixth century, placing it among the world’s longest continuously celebrated Christian traditions. Its rituals assumed their formal character during the medieval period, particularly in the fifteenth century under Emperor Zer’a Ya’ekob. During his reign, the ceremonial role of the Tabot, the sacred replica of the Ark of the Covenant, was firmly established. He decreed that Tabots be carried from churches to nearby water bodies for blessing, shaping the majestic processions that now define Timket. Senior theologians stress that the ritual goes far beyond symbolic display. “Timket is not a reenactment for spectacle. It is a living sacrament. When the faithful receive the blessed water, they renew the covenant they entered through baptism,” one explains. At the heart of the festival is the dawn liturgy held beside rivers, lakes or specially prepared pools known as Timket Bahir. Long before sunrise, clergy and worshippers gather in prayer as incense drifts over the water and candles flicker in the darkness. When the water is blessed, the spiritual climax is reached. Holy water is sprinkled on the faithful, while many choose full immersion as a sign of renewal. Timket unfolds over three days, beginning with Ketera, the eve of the main celebration. On this day, Tabots are removed from their sanctuaries in a sacred rite. Ordinarily hidden from public view and accessible only to ordained clergy, the Tabot symbolizes the Tablets of the Law and the presence of God. Wrapped in richly embroidered cloths, the Tabots are carried on the heads of senior priests from churches to designated water sites, accompanied by chanting, rhythmic drumming and vivid ceremonial umbrellas. The night of Ketera is spent in vigil, with prayers and hymns continuing until dawn. While theology forms its foundation, Timket is equally a powerful cultural expression. Across the country, white shamma and netela garments fill streets and open fields, symbolizing purity and humility. Music and movement are central, as traditional church chants echo through towns and villages. In many communities, solemn worship flows naturally into communal singing and dance. Historians describe Timket as deeply reverent yet profoundly joyful, reflecting an Ethiopian understanding of faith as something lived collectively rather than privately. Echoing this view, the Prime Minister has noted, “Our strength as a nation lies in our ability to celebrate diversity while standing together as one people.” Timket also serves as a moment of social renewal. Ethiopians from different backgrounds gather in shared public spaces, where urban professionals stand beside rural farmers and diverse communities move to a common spiritual rhythm. Ethiopians of other faiths often attend as observers, drawn by the atmosphere of inclusion. In rural areas, Timket has long been associated with reconciliation. Disputes are settled, forgiveness is encouraged and communal meals symbolize restored harmony. This tradition reflects the Prime Minister’s message that “peace begins in the hearts of citizens and is strengthened through shared values and mutual forgiveness.” For younger generations, Timket remains a vibrant social occasion. It offers space for friendship, courtship and shared memory. Folk customs, such as young men offering lemons to young women as a sign of interest, continue in many areas, showing how tradition adapts while retaining meaning. Beyond religion, Timket carries deep national significance. Ethiopia, one of the world’s oldest Christian civilizations, views the festival as a living expression of historical endurance. Ancient rites performed in modern cities offer a powerful image of continuity. In 2019, UNESCO inscribed Timket on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, recognizing its role in strengthening social cohesion and transmitting values across generations. The inscription placed Timket alongside other Ethiopian heritages recognized globally, including Meskel, the Gada system of the Oromo, Fichee Chambalaalla of the Sidama, the Ethiopian coffee ceremony, and Ashenda, Shadey and Soleluna celebrations. Heritage experts say the recognition underscores a broader truth that Ethiopia’s heritage lives not only in monuments but in rituals, social systems and everyday practices. International recognition has drawn researchers, cultural institutions and visitors, while diaspora communities recreate Timket processions and water blessings far from home. Cities such as Gondar, Lalibela and Addis Ababa become major centers of religious and cultural tourism during the festival. Sites including Fasilides Bath, the rock hewn churches of Lalibela and Jan Meda attract large crowds eager to witness a tradition that remains lived rather than staged. According to the Ministry of Tourism, Timket has emerged as one of the country’s strongest seasonal drivers of tourism revenue. Ministry assessments indicate that the festival period accounts for a significant share of January domestic travel, with hundreds of thousands of Ethiopians moving between regions. In peak years, Gondar alone hosts close to one million participants during Timket, while Addis Ababa and Lalibela each record several hundred thousand visitors, sharply increasing hotel occupancy and service demand. Ministry data further show that festival related spending during Timket injects hundreds of millions of birr into local economies within a single week. Accommodation, transport, food services and cultural merchandise register their highest seasonal turnover, while small scale traders, weavers and artisans report income increases of two to three times their monthly averages. The Ministry notes that “Timket creates a unique concentration of economic activity that directly benefits community based enterprises.” The economic impact extends beyond immediate consumption. Sustained Timket driven demand has encouraged investment in tourism infrastructure, including hotel expansion, transport services and site restoration. Upgrades at heritage locations such as Fasil Ghebbi in Gondar and improved air and road connectivity to Lalibela were partly justified by predictable festival inflows. State Minister of Tourism Sileshi Girma has stated, “Cultural festivals like Timket are not only spiritual assets. They are engines of inclusive growth when managed responsibly.” Timket also plays a strategic role in Ethiopia’s broader tourism policy, which seeks to lengthen visitor stays and diversify experiences. By promoting authentic cultural engagement rather than spectacle, the country aims to position itself as a destination of depth and meaning. Timket’s religious integrity, combined with its scale and continuity, increasingly attracts international visitors, scholars and diaspora communities seeking connection rather than entertainment. As Ethiopia continues to modernize, Timket remains a constant that anchors communities to shared values and collective memory. “Modernization does not mean losing our soul. It means carrying our heritage forward with confidence,” the Prime Minister has said. From quiet prayers at dawn to the vibrant gatherings that follow, Timket endures as a living celebration of faith, culture and community. As holy water is blessed and shared, and as Tabots journey through streets and fields each year, the festival continues to bind past and present with remarkable continuity, offering a powerful reminder of Ethiopia’s enduring spirit.

Op-ed By Nebiyu Tedla (Ambassador) Ethiopia has historically been a Red Sea–oriented and maritime civilization, with ancient and well-established legal and historical claims to sovereign access to the sea. Despite these deep roots, Ethiopia has faced repeated efforts particularly during the colonial and post-colonial periods to sever its Red Sea access through legal and political injustices. These attempts to render Ethiopia landlocked have had implications not only for the country itself but also for regional and international peace and security. Therefore, Ethiopia’s pursuit to restore its rightful sovereign access to the Red Sea remains imperative from historical, legal, economic, and geopolitical perspectives. Historical sovereignty during the Axumite and Medieval times Northern Ethiopia, historically known by local communities as “Medri Bahri” (land of the sea), encompassed territories adjacent to the Red Sea, which were long under Ethiopian control. Central to this was Adulis, a major strategic port firmly within Ethiopia’s sphere of influence during the Axumite era. Adulis served as a vital commercial hub, linking Ethiopia and Africa more broadly to global trade networks, making the Red Sea coast essential to Axum’s economic strength and security. Adulis was best known as the main port of the Kingdom of Aksum, one of the great ancient powers of the Horn of Africa. Ethiopian rulers consistently asserted historical authority over the coastal regions and their hinterlands, including much of present-day Eritrea. During various periods, Muslim sultanates along the coast functioned as vassal states. Adulis paid tribute to Axum, mainly through customs duties and trade goods (ivory, gold, slaves, spices). Axum controlled foreign trade and diplomacy through Adulis. Axum held ultimate authority over taxation, trade policy, and external relations. Even in later eras, such as the Zemene Mesafint (Era of the Princes), Ethiopian control persisted; in the 18th century, Ras Mikael Sehul of Tigray exercised effective authority over Red Sea coastal areas, including Massawa, through the vassal principalities. Modern times sovereignty and claims In the 19th century, attempts by the rulers of Egypt to invade Ethiopia were decisively repelled by Ethiopian forces in the Battles of Gundet and Gura, affirming Ethiopia’s sovereignty over both the Red Sea coastal areas and their hinterlands. These landmark victories underscored Ethiopia’s effective control of territories that today lie within Eritrea, historically known as Mereb Melash, a region of the Ethiopian Empire. The Battle of Gundet was fought in a narrow mountain pass near the village of Gundet in the Seraye district, along the strategic route linking the port of Massawa to Adwa in Tigray. The second and more decisive engagement, the Battle of Gura, took place on the Plain of Gura, roughly 80 miles inland from Massawa. Gura, located in the Akele Guzay region (present day Debub Region of Eritrea), lies about 9 kilometers southeast of Dekemhare and approximately 32 kilometers south-southeast of Asmara. Together, these victories demonstrated that the hinterlands of present day Eritrea were firmly under Ethiopian authority at the time. Another clear affirmation of Ethiopia’s sovereign control over the Red Sea region is found in the Hewett Treaty (also known as the Adwa or Adulis Treaty) of 1884 a foundational legal document that strengthened Ethiopia’s historical claim to Red Sea access. Negotiated in 1884 at Adwa, the treaty involved the Ethiopian Empire under Emperor Yohannes IV and Great Britain represented by Rear Admiral Sir William Hewett. The Hewett Treaty was signed between Ethiopia (under Emperor Yohannes IV) and Great Britain, with Britain acting in part on behalf of Egypt. Egypt’s position in the region had weakened following military defeats and internal unrest, which led Britain to manage many of Egypt’s foreign affairs during this period. Its purpose was to end prolonged Egyptian hostilities towards Ethiopia and to secure Ethiopian assistance in facilitating the withdrawal of Egyptian forces trapped in Sudan during the Mahdist uprising. Among its key provisions of the treaty was the restoration of the Bogos district (in present-day Eritrea) to Ethiopian sovereignty. Territories including Mereb, Bellesa, and Hamasien, which had been occupied by Egypt, were formally returned to Ethiopia. Crucially, the treaty also guaranteed Ethiopia’s authority to the ports of Massawa and Amphilla, including the southern hinterlands of Massawa. In return, Ethiopia agreed to ensure the safe evacuation of Egyptian garrisons from the Sudanese frontier. Through these provisions, the Hewett Treaty legally affirmed Ethiopia’s sovereignty over the Red Sea coastline and the hinterlands of what is now Eritrea, fully endorsing Ethiopia’s historic entitlement to Red Sea access prior to Italian colonial intervention. The treaty affirmed Ethiopia’s de jure recognition of its territorial claims and its preexisting sovereign rights over both land and coastline. It serves as documentary evidence that regional and international actors of the period acknowledged Ethiopia’s legitimate access to the coast prior to Italy’s arrival. However, despite Emperor Yohannes IV’s fulfillment of his obligations under the treaty most notably the rescue of thousands of Egyptian soldiers the agreement is often remembered in Ethiopian history as a betrayal. Less than a year later, in 1885, the then Britain rulers permitted Italy to occupy the port of Massawa rather than safeguarding Ethiopia’s coastal access. This decision effectively severed Ethiopia from the Red Sea and laid the groundwork for prolonged conflict with Italian colonial forces, culminating in the Battle of Dogali and, ultimately, the Battle of Adwa. Italy’s Invasion and Eritrea’s Creation Prior to Italy’s full-scale invasion of Ethiopia’s coastal regions and later its hinterland, the Battle of Dogali marked a critical early confrontation. Fought on January 26, 1887, near the town of Dogali inside what is now Eritrea, the battle represented a significant military clash between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy. In the aftermath of the Hewett Treaty, Italy occupied the port of Massawa and began advancing inland into territory claimed by Ethiopia. Ras Alula Engida, governor of the Mereb Melash region under Emperor Yohannes IV, demanded that Italian forces withdraw. When they refused, Ras Alula led an ambush against an Italian column commanded by Colonel Tommaso De Cristoforis. After an intense engagement with the Italian troops exhausted the column was almost entirely destroyed. The Ethiopian victory at Dogali became a powerful symbolic affirmation of Ethiopian sovereignty over the region. In Italy, the defeat at Dogali widely referred to as the “Dogali Massacre” triggered a profound political crisis, culminating in the resignation of Prime Minister Agostino Depretis. The event left a lasting imprint on Italian national memory, commemorated by the monument honoring the “Five Hundred Heroes” at Rome’s Piazza dei Cinquecento. Italian territorial expansion in the region began earlier in Assab, a move that set in motion a gradual process of colonial encroachment and ultimately led to the formal establishment of an Italian colony in 1890. Through this expansion, Italy invaded Ethiopia’s internationally recognized coastal territories and consolidated its control by creating the colony of Eritrea. The designation “Eritrea” was officially assigned on January 1, 1890, by the Italian colonial administration. As such, Eritrea was carved out of territory that had historically formed part of the Ethiopian state. Prior to Italian occupation, Eritrea did not exist as a distinct political or territorial entity; rather, it constituted an integral extension of Ethiopia’s historical domain. The breached 1900, 1902 and 1908 boundary treaties The second Italian invasion of Ethiopia constituted a clear repudiation of Italy’s own treaty obligations as set out in the boundary agreements of 1900, 1902, and 1908. By launching the invasion, Italy violated the fundamental international legal principle of pacta sunt servanda, which requires states to honor their treaty commitments. The aggression further breached the Covenant of the League of Nations and the 1928 Kellogg–Briand Pact, both of which explicitly renounced war as an instrument of national policy. In addition, Italy violated the Ethio-Italian Treaty of Friendship and Arbitration signed on August 2, 1928. Following the Second World War, Ethiopia was restored on the basis of its pre-invasion territorial status, and the 1947 Treaty of Peace with Italy formally extinguished all Italian claims to sovereignty. As a consequence, the colonial boundary treaties of 1900, 1902, and 1908 delineating the Ethiopia–Eritrea border lost their legal force. This followed the doctrine of ipso facto termination, whereby the outbreak of war automatically abrogates preexisting treaties between belligerent states. Against this legal backdrop, Emperor Haile Selassie’s decision to reincorporate Eritrea into Ethiopia was both rational and consistent with the international legal norms prevailing at the time. That decision should therefore be evaluated within its historical and legal context, rather than through the lens of standards that emerged decades later. The United Nations-brokered federation of Eritrea with Ethiopia thus represented a politically expedient but fundamentally flawed compromise. It failed to fully remedy the colonial dismemberment of Ethiopian territory and instead laid the groundwork for future conflict. By declining to recognize Eritrea as an integral part of Ethiopia prior to 1890, the arrangement left unresolved the core legal and historical injustice at the heart of the dispute. In light of these factors, Ethiopia, as the parent state, retains a compelling claim to reasonable access to the Red Sea. With the exception of a relatively brief period of Italian occupation, Ethiopia historically maintained access to the Red Sea, and principles of historical justice demand the correction of the profound injustices inflicted during the colonial, post-colonial, and more recent periods. Beyond historical considerations, Ethiopia’s access is also dictated by vital economic and security imperatives. Naval militarization, the establishment of foreign military bases, and the threat of piracy along this critical international waterway directly affect Ethiopia’s national interests. Regrettably, there has been little indication of a genuine willingness on the part of President Isaias Afwerki’s government to pursue constructive cooperation with Ethiopia. Instead, policies of destabilization have prevailed, driven by the perception that a strong and economically viable Ethiopia poses a strategic threat. Yet Eritrea bears moral and legal responsibilities under the international principle of good neighborliness to take into account the vital interests of Ethiopia. This obligation is heightened by the historical reality that Eritrean territory was fashioned out of lands that had long formed part of the Ethiopian state. Accordingly, Eritrea has both a moral and legal duty to accommodate Ethiopia’s need for sovereign access to the Red Sea. Without addressing this fundamental issue, lasting peace and genuine cooperation between the two countries will remain elusive. Ethiopia’s landlocked condition is neither a natural destiny nor an undisputable fact. Geography will never remain a destiny but one that can be bended through time and factors. If not, it is a source of regional instability and a significant barrier to sustainable development. For Ethiopia, the restoration of sovereign access to the Red Sea is not a matter of preference but a national imperative essential to long-term peace and prosperity. The way forward therefore requires the principled and resolute correction of these longstanding injustices. Ambassador Nebiyu Tedla is Director General of Public Diplomacy at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

By Staff Writer Addis Ababa, January 7, 2026 (ENA)—Ethiopia has long stood out as a country of extraordinary historical depth, spiritual richness, and living cultural traditions. From ancient civilizations and rock-hewn churches to centuries-old rituals that continue uninterrupted, the nation offers an authentic experience few destinations can match. These enduring assets have firmly positioned Ethiopia as a leading global tourism destination for travelers seeking history, faith, and cultural meaning. In recent years, tourism has emerged as a central pillar of Ethiopia’s national development agenda. Recognized for its potential to drive sustainable growth, create employment, and generate foreign exchange, the sector has received renewed policy focus and coordinated investment. This strategic shift reflects a broader vision to transform Ethiopia’s vast cultural and natural wealth into an engine for inclusive economic development. A key catalyst in this transformation has been the leadership-led national initiative known as “Dine for Nation,” spearheaded by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The program has mobilized public participation and investment to develop new tourism lodges, upgrade existing destinations, and open previously untapped sites across the country. Beyond infrastructure development, the initiative has strengthened national ownership and pride in Ethiopia’s tourism potential. As a result, Ethiopia is experiencing a steady rise in both domestic and international tourist arrivals. New destinations are emerging alongside historic landmarks, offering visitors a more diverse and enriching experience. By blending its timeless heritage with modern tourism development, Ethiopia is reinforcing its position on the global tourism map while turning cultural legacy into a driver of unity and long-term prosperity. At the heart of this growing appeal stands Lalibela, the ancient city famed for its rock-hewn churches and revered as the spiritual center of Genna, Ethiopia’s Orthodox Christmas. The city is preparing to host a spectacular celebration on Wednesday, January 7, 2026, a date when Orthodox Christians across the country mark the birth of Jesus Christ. Each year, Lalibela becomes the focal point of Ethiopian Christmas celebrations, drawing hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, priests, monks, and visitors from across Ethiopia and around the world. Known as “Africa’s Jerusalem,” the city is home to 11 extraordinary rock-hewn churches and the symbolic River Jordan—an ambitious vision realized during the reign of King Lalibela. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Lalibela’s religious ceremonies have remained remarkably unchanged for centuries. As ENA, more than one million visitors are expected to attend this year’s Genna celebrations. The city is already welcoming large numbers of visitors ahead of the holiday, underscoring its status as Ethiopia’s top tourism destination. This year’s celebration is anticipated to be especially vibrant, featuring solemn church services, traditional music, and cultural performances that reflect Ethiopia’s deeply rooted religious and social traditions. Pilgrims and tourists alike will gather against the breathtaking backdrop of Lalibela’s dramatic landscapes and ancient stone churches, creating an atmosphere of profound spirituality and cultural pride. Christmas in northern Ethiopia is more than a religious observance—it is a cultural experience that seamlessly blends faith, history, and communal celebration. The occasion holds added significance as the celebration coincides with the birth anniversary of both Jesus Christ and Saint Lalibela, lending the event special grandeur and symbolism. In preparation for the festivities, hotels, tour operators, health centers, security personnel, and other service providers have finalized arrangements to accommodate the influx of visitors, the city administration confirmed. As Ethiopia continues to position itself as a premier global destination, Lalibela’s Ethiopian Christmas stands as a powerful symbol of how ancient history and renewed vision can come together to captivate the world.

By Temesgen Assefa Addis Ababa, January 6, 2026 (ENA)—For millions of people around the world, 7 January is Christmas Day when mainly Orthodox communities in Europe, Africa and the Middle East, which make up more than 12 percent of all Christians, celebrate the big day weeks after most of the Western world. This is because they use a different calendar, called the Julian calendar, to work out when Christmas should be. In Ethiopia, unlike in the Western world, Christmas is celebrated not only by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo believers but also by some Protestant, and Catholic denominations in the country. On the last day of their fast that lasts 40 days, all members of the denominations and the Orthodox church gather with their family and friends to host a giant feast. The period of fasting is not merely a physical challenge; it is a time of spiritual renewal and a commitment to faith. The fasting culminates in the joyous celebration of Christ's birth, emphasizing purification and spiritual readiness among the faithful. In Ethiopia, Christmas Day is called Genna. On the Eve, the Christians attend churches to participate in all-night prayer services. Worshipers gather for an extended Mass, dressed in traditional white clothing symbolizing purity, where they sing, chant, and listen to the priests’ sermons. Religious songs fill the churches, with congregant singing in unison to express joy for the birth of Christ. At the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo churches, traditional instruments such as the kebero (drum) and tsenatsel (sistrum) accompany the melodies, creating an atmosphere of reverence and jubilation. Beyond Meals, A Collective Festivity On Christmas Day or Genna, families come together to share a festive meal that often includes Doro Wet, spicy chicken stew, served with Injera, a sourdough flat bread, and a variety of vegetarian dishes. These communal meals nourish not only the body but also foster connections among family members and friends. In a display of solidarity and joy, communities often partake in games like Genna, a form of field hockey played outdoors on Christmas Day, which not only fosters community spirit but also symbolizes joy and celebration. In the vibrant game of Genna, players wield wooden sticks, also known as Genna, to strike a round, sturdy wooden ball called Erur. Clad in traditional attire and shoes, participants demonstrate their respect for cultural heritage. Legend has reveled that the origins of game of Genna are rooted in the joy of the shepherds who upon hearing news of Christ’s birth, leaped with glee, using their wooden sticks to celebrate. This game embodies a playful spirit that transcends age hierarchies and provides a unique freedom for the youth. Before the match begins on an open field, two competing teams select their leaders, while two elders from the crowd are appointed as referees. Typically starting in the afternoon, the game continues until sunset, creating a lively atmosphere. The game draws crowds, turning the day into a collective festivity that transcends individual households. This engaging tradition draws participants of all ages, emphasizing the celebration of community and the love that binds its members together. Such activities help create a festive atmosphere that extends beyond the family unit, illustrating the holiday’s communal nature. The act of sharing meals and participating in communal activities emphasizes the importance of togetherness, reinforcing that love is at the heart of the holiday. Families often make a point of visiting neighbors and friends during Genna, extending the spirit of unity beyond immediate circles. This practice fosters camaraderie and strengthens community ties, echoing the belief that Christmas is a time not just for individual celebration but for collective joy and support. Above all, Ethiopia's Christmas, or Genna, embodies a richness that transcends the traditional perceptions of a holiday. It is a celebration deeply woven into the fabric of love, spirituality, and community. As Ethiopian Christians gather to share their faith, traditions, and heartfelt connections, they remind the world that the true spirit of Christmas lies in love, compassion, and unity. In a global landscape often overshadowed by commercialization, Genna invites believers to embrace a deeper significance, one that highlights the importance of community, the warmth of familial bonds, and the unwavering spirit of faith.

By Ledet Muleta January 5, 2026 (ENA)—Globally, cities face the reality of rising food prices. Such disruptions as supply chain breakdowns, climate-related shocks, inflation, and emerging trends of geopolitical tensions all contribute to push prices upward. This challenge has become even more pronounced since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, when lockdowns, transportation breakdowns, and economic slowdowns laid bare deep vulnerabilities in global food systems. In this regard, the problem of ensuring the affordability of basic needs, such as food, for low to middle-income families has emerged as one of the defining policy challenges of this generation. In this global context, the Addis Ababa City Administration has taken a deliberate and people-centered approach to one of the most pressing urban challenges: the rising cost of food. At the heart of this effort, Addis Ababa City Administration has constructed and operationalized modern market centers and vibrant weekend farmers’ markets designed to reconnect farmers directly with consumers, cutting costs, improving quality, and strengthening trust along the food supply chain. These established market centers are in the city’s five main entry and exit corridors to help stabilize the prices of basic commodities. The five market centers are in Lafto Hulegeb Market Center, Akaki Kality, Lemi Kura, and Kolfe Sub City. Designed like malls, it provides organized, clean, and accessible spaces where farmers can sell their produce directly to residents. For decades, food prices in Addis Ababa have been driven upward by long and inefficient supply chains often dominated by multiple layers of intermediaries. Each step added cost, reduced freshness, and weakened accountability. The new market centers are changing that equation. The city is essentially removing the long chain of middlemen that has always contributed to surging prices. Furthermore, vegetables will reach markets fresher; prices for grains will be reasonable and clear; and consumers will have confidence in knowing that they know exactly where their foods are coming from. The advantage here for farmers will be immense: better incomes, predictability in incomes due to steady demand, as well as feedback from those they are serving. The city offers significant incentives for farmers willing to take advantage of selling their wares in the city markets: farmers rent space in the markets at highly minimized prices and enjoy tax-free conditions. Adding strength to these established market hubs are the new weekend farmer’s markets, which are currently in all the sub-cities of Addis Ababa. During the weekends, communities are brought back to life as new market areas open closer to the dwellings of the population. The new markets further reduce the gap between farm and plate, as they eliminate the extra costs associated with transport for vendors and consumers, as well as the fees associated with operating in shops for the vendors. Taken together, these efforts go beyond mere access, as they actually work towards stabilizing food prices in the entire city. This is not to imply that food prices have failed to go up, as, like every other city around the world, Addis Ababa faces challenges. Nevertheless, against the background of substantial rises in food prices across the globe, the fact is that the Addis Ababa City Administration is taking this problem squarely by introducing very effective measures to address the problem. The impact will be felt most strongly by low- and middle-income households, where even a small reduction in food prices can make a significant difference. Looking at a larger arena in the entire city or the entire municipality the good effects brought about by the above strategy can contribute to increased food security in the city. To fully realize the benefits of this strategy, the public is encouraged to make use of the market centers operating throughout the week, as well as the weekend farmers’ markets, to maximize the value of these services.

January 1, 2026 (ENA)—In 2025, Ethiopia is accelerating its national evolution amid complex and interconnected regional and global turbulences. Its transformations, marking a pivotal phase in its development journey. Through sustained reforms, strategic investments, digitalization, and a renewed emphasis on unity and resilience, the country has achieved significant milestones that are reshaping its economic performance, governance framework, and social cohesion, reinforcing Ethiopia’s trajectory toward long-term prosperity. Particularly, the year 2025 emerged as a decisive turning point in Ethiopia’s contemporary journey, marking a clear transition from crisis response to structured nation building. Guided by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s Medemer philosophy, the country translated reform from policy into practice, reinforcing state capacity, restoring confidence and laying the groundwork for sustained prosperity. Economic stabilization, record export performance and strategic investments reshaped Ethiopia’s trajectory, while energy, diplomacy, social development and peace building advanced in parallel. Together, these pillars defined 2025 as the year Ethiopia consolidated resilience and projected renewed national purpose. Reform and Self Reliance In 2025, Ethiopia’s Homegrown Economic Reform agenda reached maturity, delivering measurable macroeconomic stability and sectoral growth. Agriculture, industry and services expanded in tandem, supported by improved fiscal discipline, declining inflation and strengthened foreign exchange reserves. The launch of the Ethiopian Securities Exchange marked a historic opening of domestic capital markets, signaling confidence in private sector led growth. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed set the tone, stating, “Economic reform is not an option for Ethiopia; it is a necessity for survival and shared prosperity.” Regarding the economic stride of the country, Finance Minister Ahmed Shide on his part stated the broader vision, noting, “The securities exchange will unlock domestic capital, strengthen private enterprise and reduce overreliance on external financing.” Exports surpassed 8 billion dollars, driven by gold, coffee and horticulture, while agricultural self-sufficiency advanced through the National Wheat Initiative and Ye Lemat Tirufat program. Ethiopian Investment Commission Commissioner Zeleke Temesgen also observed, “Investors are responding to policy clarity and stability. Ethiopia is now seen as a long-term destination, not a short-term opportunity.” Energy Sovereignty, Regional Interdependence The full operational launch of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in 2025 redefined Ethiopia’s energy and diplomatic standing. Completed after 14 years of domestic financing, GERD secured national energy sovereignty while opening new avenues for regional cooperation. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described the project as “a symbol of African self-reliance and shared benefit.” Energy Minister Habtamu Itefa underscored its strategic impact, saying, “GERD has secured Ethiopia’s energy future while opening a new era of regional power trade.” Ethiopia emerged as Africa’s leading hydropower producer, expanding electricity exports to neighboring countries and anchoring regional interdependence through shared infrastructure and climate conscious energy diplomacy. Moreover, as part of the country’s energy ambitions, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed inaugurated the first phase of the Ogaden Liquified Natural Gas Project, with an annual production capacity of 111 million liters in Calub, Somali region of Ethiopia. “In Calub, Somali Region, we inaugurate the first phase of the Ogaden Liquified Natural Gas Project, with an annual production capacity of 111 million liters. At the same time, we launch the second phase, which will add a capacity of 1.33 billion liters per year.” Prime Minister Abiy announced. Beyond liquified natural gas, this facility also contributes significantly to energy generation, with a production capacity of 1,000 megawatts, the Prime Minister pointed out. Importantly, the plant is not just a gas facility. It serves as a cornerstone of our food sovereignty efforts by providing essential input for fertilizer production, he added. Diplomatic, Global Repositioning The year 2025 marked a historic era for Ethiopian diplomacy as the nation successfully transitioned from a regional powerhouse into a formidable voice in global governance. This evolution was most prominently showcased during the G20 Summit in Johannesburg, the first of its kind on African soil. Participating as a key invited guest alongside the newly permanent African Union, Ethiopia leveraged this prestigious platform to champion the interests of the Global South while securing transformative domestic gains. At the Johannesburg Summit, Ethiopia’s delegation turned diplomatic presence into tangible progress. On the economic front, the World Bank and IMF reaffirmed their confidence in Ethiopia’s macroeconomic reforms. A significant milestone was the securing of 4.8 billion dollars in pledges for the Bishoftu Mega Airport project, with the African Development Bank (AfDB) acting as the lead arranger for the 12.5 billion USD venture. Beyond finance, Ethiopia asserted itself as a "Green Leader," presenting the Green Legacy Initiative and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) as global blueprints for sustainable industrialization. The summit also served as a venue for intensive high-level side diplomacy. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed engaged with leaders from France, Germany, South Korea, Brazil, and Vietnam to discuss debt sustainability and technology transfer. Furthermore, Ethiopia utilized these forums to advance its maritime diplomacy, engaging over 20 state leaders to clarify its pursuit of peaceful, negotiated sea access, emphasizing regional stability and mutual economic benefit. Parallel to its G20 success, Ethiopia reinforced its leadership within the African Union and among emerging economies. A major victory occurred in February 2025, when Ethiopia was elected to the AU Peace and Security Council for a three-year term, granting it a direct hand in continental conflict resolution. This period also saw the full operationalization of Ethiopia’s BRICS membership, opening new trade corridors and investment opportunities through the New Development Bank. The year concluded with a landmark achievement in bilateral relations: the signing of a 1.466 billion USD Health Cooperation MOU with the United States in December. This five-year agreement, which includes over 1 billion in USD grants, stands as a testament to successful health diplomacy aimed at achieving national self-reliance in medical systems. Underpinning these achievements was the homegrown philosophy of "Medemer", which positioned Ethiopia as a critical bridge between developed G20 economies and the Global South, reinforcing its image as a stabilizer and innovator on the world stage. Social Progress, Human Capital Investment Social development remained central to Ethiopia’s reform vision in 2025, with expanded access to healthcare, education and social protection. Emphasizing people centered growth, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated, “Development has no meaning unless it improves the daily lives of our people.” Health sector reforms strengthened preparedness and preventive care, while community-based health insurance widened coverage. Health Minister Dr. Mekdes Daba explained, “Our priority has been preventive and accessible care, especially for mothers and children.” Education reforms focused on early learning, and social safety net programs reached nearly 10 million citizens. Labor and Skills Minister Muferihat Kamil noted, “Social protection is no longer charity; it is an investment in productivity and dignity.” Green Legacy, Climate Leadership Ethiopia’s climate agenda gained international recognition in 2025 as the Green Legacy Initiative surpassed 48 billion planted seedlings. The program expanded forest cover, curbed land degradation and integrated environmental protection into national development. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed highlighted its long-term vision, stating, “Green Legacy is not just about trees; it is about securing the future of our children.” Combined with renewable energy expansion and electric mobility policies, Ethiopia demonstrated that climate action and economic growth can advance together. These achievements strengthened Ethiopia’s global climate standing and contributed to the awarding of COP hosting rights for 2027. Digital Leap, Innovation Economy The acceleration of Digital Ethiopia 2030 in 2025 marked a historic shift from policy diagnostic to institutional execution, effectively bridging the divide between Ethiopia's agrarian roots and a high-tech future. Innovation and Technology Minister Belete Molla described this era as a period where "digital transformation is reshaping how citizens access services and how the economy creates jobs," punctuated by the successful completion of the 2025 plan and the launch of the even more ambitious 2030 strategy. At the core of this transformation was a massive scale-up of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), where mobile money accounts surged to 136 million, facilitating an incredible 9.6 trillion Birr in annual transactions through platforms like Telebirr and M-Pesa. This financial evolution was supported by a leap in connectivity, with broadband penetration reaching 45 percent and 5G services rolling out in 14 major towns, while the Fayda Digital ID and the Mesob one-stop portal streamlined government interactions into a single, transparent digital window. Simultaneously, the Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute emerged as a continental leader by advancing 26 localized AI projects, ranging from medical diagnostics for heart disease and breast cancer to agricultural monitoring. This technical progress was matched by a focus on human capital through the 5 Million Coders Initiative, which by late 2025 had equipped over 780,000 young Ethiopians with cutting-edge skills in data science and programming. By training youth to be creators rather than just consumers, the initiative facilitated remote employment for over 12,000 citizens in its first few months alone. Furthermore, the Space Science and Geospatial Institute (SSGI) reinforced this "digital sovereignty" by operationalizing a network of Continuous Operating Reference Stations (CORS) across cities like Jimma, Semera, and Jigjiga. These stations provide the high-precision, real-time satellite data necessary for modernizing urban planning and disaster response, positioning Addis Ababa as a definitive hub for space diplomacy and innovation on the African continent. Peace Building, National Cohesion Peace and reconciliation defined Ethiopia’s most critical achievements in 2025. Dialogue led approaches in Amhara and Oromia reduced violence, enabled reintegration and shifted focus toward reconstruction. Addressing parliament, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed affirmed, “Lasting peace is built through dialogue, justice and mutual respect, not force.” The National Dialogue Commission expanded inclusive consultations, reinforcing shared national ownership and trust. While challenges persisted, the emphasis on political dialogue and social healing marked a departure from conflict management toward sustainable peace. Tourism and Culture The year 2025 has become a historic turning point for Ethiopia, signaling a renaissance in its tourism and cultural sectors. Driven by aggressive infrastructure investment and a visionary shift toward urban and conference tourism, the nation has successfully transitioned from a hidden gem into a premier global destination. This transformation is defined by record-breaking economic growth, the inauguration of world-class eco-tourism sites, and a reinforced status as the diplomatic and cultural heartbeat of Africa. At the heart of this growth is the "Dine for the Nation" initiative, which reached its peak in 2025. These flagship projects redefined the travel landscape by blending luxury with sustainability, exemplified by the Wonchi Eco-Tourism project, a breathtaking crater lake that has become a global model for sustainable travel and community-led conservation. Complementing this vision, the Gorgora and Halala Kela Resorts provide high-end developments that offer sophisticated luxury for travelers exploring the historic northern and lush southern regions, effectively diversifying Ethiopia’s world-class tourism offerings. Elephant Paw Lodge, Located in Chebera Churchura National Park, this project also highlights Ethiopia’s immense biodiversity and wildlife potential. In summary, by the close of 2025, Ethiopia had demonstrated that reform, when anchored in national consensus and strategic vision, could deliver lasting transformation. Under the Medemer philosophy, economic reform, energy sovereignty, diplomacy, social investment and peace building converged into a unified national project. Reflecting on this moment, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated, “Our journey is difficult, but Ethiopia is moving forward with confidence, unity and purpose.” With strengthened foundations and renewed momentum, Ethiopia entered 2026 positioned not only as a regional leader, but as a compelling model of African self-reliance, resilience and shared prosperity.

By Yordanos D. Ethiopia is entering a carefully constructed phase of political renewal as the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission (ENDC) moves decisively into the next stage. What began as an answer to national fracture is now taking shape as an enduring framework for political reconciliation, designed to transform decades of tension into a shared and forward-looking national vision. With the national dialogue conference scheduled for early 2026, the dialogue is increasingly viewed not as a lasting intervention for a negotiated state. It reflects a shift toward governance shaped by collective consent rather than coercion, and toward stability built through dialogue rather than force. Established under Proclamation No. 1265/2021, the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission represents the country’s first large-scale, domestically driven mechanism for managing structural grievances through consultation, positioning dialogue as a permanent feature of statecraft. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has repeatedly framed the dialogue as a historic turning point. Addressing the House of People's Representatives (HPR), he noted that “war and uprisings are ghosts of an incomplete past. The defeated carry future conflict, and the victor lives forever defending conquest”. He emphasized that dialogue alone offers a path where no group is condemned to permanent loss, adding that it replaces a fragile culture of domination with a durable system of mutual understanding. Ethiopia’s long standing political and social challenges cannot indeed be resolved through force, but only through sustained consultation and negotiated solutions. In this sense, the dialogue is presented not as a political option but as a historical necessity. The Decisive Phase The Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission has now moved beyond institutional setup into what officials describe as its most consequential phase. Participant selection has been completed across eleven regions and two city administrations; and the Commission is consolidating a vast body of public input into a unified national framework. Chief Commissioner Professor Mesfin Araya has consistently stressed that the process is not finite. “A national dialogue is not an event to be concluded but a social contract that must be renewed again and again.” He underlined that Ethiopia is not merely holding discussions, but re-learning the practice of coexistence after years of political rupture. This approach has shaped engagement with the Ethiopian diaspora. Permanent consultation hubs have been established in major cities, including Washington DC and Stockholm. Speaking at the 2025 Washington Forum, the Chief Commissioner reminded participants that while Ethiopia is an ancient civilization, democracy is a skill acquired through cooperation. He noted that enduring civilizations advanced by talking until solutions emerged, not by silencing dissent. The most demanding test of the dialogue lies in the inclusion of armed groups and political holdouts. Selamawit Bekele (PhD) of Addis Ababa University argues that legitimacy does not depend on perfect consensus. Instead, it comes from the willingness to include even the most difficult voices as “the friction created by diverse perspectives is not a weakness. It is the force that forges a stronger national foundation”. Alongside the Commission’s efforts, the government has renewed the oft-repeated calls for peace and negotiation, urging political parties and armed groups to pursue their objectives through dialogue. Several groups have responded positively and entered peaceful negotiations, thus strengthening the credibility of the national process. With the National Dialogue Conference approaching, attention is shifting from deliberations to finalization. Recommendations that emerge at this phase are expected to shape Ethiopia’s legislative agenda. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has issued a clear warning about the cost of failure. “If dialogue ends as rhetoric alone, we will have failed those who come after us. Success will not be measured by the beauty of words, but by the strength of the institutions built upon them.” Hence, the 2026 National Dialogue Conference represents more than a political exercise for Ethiopia. It is an investment in national survival and democratic continuity, signaling a deliberate move toward a more stable, inclusive and prosperous future.

Yordanos D. Addis Ababa, December 14, 2025 (ENA) —Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s December 16–17, 2025 visit to Ethiopia received extensive coverage in Indian, African, and international media, with reports highlighting a central theme: the visit represented both a diplomatic milestone and a strategic signal amid shifting power dynamics in Africa and the broader Global South. As the visit concluded, global media narratives revealed clear differences in emphasis. Indian outlets foregrounded warmth, symbolism and cultural affinity, while international news agencies framed the trip within broader geopolitical competition and India’s expanding strategic footprint on the African continent. African media, meanwhile, highlighted Ethiopia’s role as a continental gateway and diplomatic anchor. Framing Ethiopia as a Strategic Diplomatic Hub Many African outlets emphasized Ethiopia’s importance not just as a host but as a diplomatic center in Africa. Addis Ababa, as the seat of the African Union, gives Ethiopia a unique continental leadership position — a role African media highlighted as central to the success and symbolism of the visit. Modi’s visit was thus framed not simply as bilateral diplomacy but as affirming Ethiopia’s relevance in broader Africa Global South relations. Highlighting Ethiopia’s Global South Leadership African press coverage underscored the visit as an opportunity for South–South cooperation and collective global voice— ideas that resonate strongly in many African media narratives. Reports noted how both Ethiopian and Indian leaders pledged to amplify Africa’s role in global decision making, positioning Ethiopia as a partner helping bridge African and Indian interests on issues like development, technology, and peacekeeping. Warm Reception as Symbol of Ethiopia’s Diplomatic Weight Positive reporting often showcased the ceremonial and symbolic aspects of Ethiopia’s hospitality — such as the warm welcome by Ethiopian leadership, cultural performances, and Ethiopia’s conferment of its highest civilian honor on PM Modi. These stories conveyed Ethiopia’s agency and diplomatic grace in hosting a major global leader, reinforcing its image as an influential African capital. Emphasis on Ethiopia’s Economic and Strategic Partnerships Some media outlets, particularly African media highlighted Ethiopia’s economic dynamism and potential as a partner state, noting that India is among the country’s growing sources of investment and cooperation. Coverage pointed to agreements on data infrastructure, peacekeeping training, and economic collaboration — framing Ethiopia as proactive and strategic in shaping partnerships beyond traditional Western engagement models. Broad African Interest and Positive Tone Pan African outlets like Africanews reported the visit within the context of global South solidarity, with narratives focusing on how India’s visit was an occasion for collective diplomatic messaging rather than just a bilateral event. They often highlighted shared historical ties and mutual respect, signaling that Ethiopia’s role was appreciated both regionally and continentally. Indian Media: Ceremony, Pride and Strategic Friendship Indian media outlets including The Times of India, NDTV and ANI offered extensive and celebratory coverage. Particular prominence was given to Prime Minister Modi’s address to the Ethiopian Parliament and the conferral of Ethiopia’s highest civilian honour. The Times of India described the visit as a milestone in bilateral relations, quoting Modi as saying he “felt at home in Ethiopia” and referring to “shared civilisational links that go back centuries.” The paper reported that the award recognised “his contribution to strengthening India–Ethiopia friendship” and framed the elevation of ties to a Strategic Partnership as a major diplomatic success. Symbolic gestures featured prominently. The same outlet highlighted Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed personally driving Modi to the airport, calling it a “royal farewell that reflected extraordinary personal warmth.” Cultural moments were also underscored, including a state banquet performance of Vande Mataram, which Modi described as “a moving expression of friendship between the two nations.” International Media: Strategy, Competition and the Global South International news agencies adopted a more restrained and analytical tone. Reuters characterised the visit as “geopolitical,” reporting that Modi’s trip and his address to parliament “signalled India’s expanding push into Africa.” The agency highlighted India’s five-billion-dollar investment footprint on the continent and linked the visit to “growing competition among global powers for influence across Africa,” especially in light of Ethiopia’s BRICS membership. Associated Press focused on outcomes rather than ceremony, noting agreements on debt treatment under the G20 Common Framework, technology cooperation and security engagement. AP quoted Modi as saying the partnership would be guided by “inclusive development and respect for sovereignty,” adding that India is seeking to position itself as “a development partner rather than a dominant power.” Al Jazeera placed the visit within India’s broader ambition to consolidate leadership in the Global South. Its analysis extended beyond bilateral ties, pointing to implications for the Horn of Africa and the Middle East, and emphasising diplomacy, development cooperation and regional positioning. BBC and France 24 drew attention that Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed personally received Modi. Both described the gesture as a sign of diplomatic “closeness,” while situating the visit within wider global geopolitical trends. Analysts cited by these outlets suggested future coverage would examine how India’s outreach intersects in Ethiopia and the region. Continental Media: Ethiopia as Africa’s Diplomatic Anchor African media largely framed the visit as a significant step in Africa–India relations. Africa News and The East African stressed Addis Ababa’s position as the headquarters of the African Union, reporting that India intends to expand cooperation with Africa in security, health and technology. South Africa’s SABC and leading Nigerian outlets interpreted the visit as part of India’s broader Africa strategy, describing Ethiopia as an “anchor” country through which New Delhi seeks to deepen its continental engagement and project a partnership model for other African states. Shared Themes across Coverage Despite differing editorial lenses, several themes cut across reporting. Media repeatedly noted the historic nature of the visit, pointing out that Modi is the first Indian prime minister to travel to Ethiopia in fourteen years. Coverage emphasised the elevation of relations from long standing friendship to a strategic partnership, and highlighted shared commitments to amplifying the voice of the Global South in multilateral forums such as the United Nations and BRICS. Overall, global and continental media coverage has positioned Ethiopia as a key interlocutor between Africa and emerging global partners, reinforcing perceptions of its strategic importance amid a shifting geopolitical landscape, particularly in the context of South–South cooperation and multipolar engagement. The reporting was markedly positive: for Indian audiences, the visit was framed as a moment of national pride and diplomatic affirmation, while international readers saw it as part of a broader narrative on South–South collaboration, strategic competition, and Ethiopia’s rising geopolitical prominence as both the African Union host and a BRICS member. In sum, global media treatment of Modi’s visit to Ethiopia underscores the layered nature of contemporary diplomacy, blending strategy and power politics, and further consolidates Ethiopia’s image as an increasingly central actor in emerging global alignments.