By Gosaye Feyissa Addis Ababa, August 22, 2025 (ENA) -- Addis Ababa is a city of renown, a jewel among the great metropolises of Africa. This historic city, close to a century and a half in age, is a mirror of Ethiopia herself—a living museum of over 80 nations and nationalities, a tapestry woven with the threads of diverse cultures. For many, the name Addis Ababa evokes visions of Ethiopia’s vibrant capital, a city characterized by its high-altitude atmosphere and a distinctive blend of tradition and modernity. However, for diplomats, policymakers, and pan-Africanists worldwide, Addis Ababa represents something far deeper: it stands as the unequivocal diplomatic hub of Africa. The significance of Addis Ababa is rooted in a unique history that sets it apart from other African capitals. Unlike most, Addis Ababa was not founded by a colonial power. It was established in 1886 by Emperor Menelik II, who chose the site for its fertile land and natural hot springs. The city's destiny was sealed a decade later when Ethiopia became the only African nation to successfully repel a European colonial invasion at the Battle of Adwa. This historic victory cemented Ethiopia's place as a symbol of African independence and resistance. This legacy of sovereignty and self-determination became the foundation for the pan-African movement. Leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania looked to Ethiopia as a beacon of hope and a haven for nationalists fighting for their liberation. When the time came to create a unified continental body, there was only one logical choice for its home. In 1963, Addis Ababa hosted the historic meeting that gave birth to the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the forerunner of today's African Union (AU). In the decades since, the city has become the permanent seat of the AU, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and a myriad of other international organizations and more than 120 embassies. This concentration of diplomatic power is unrivaled on the continent, making Addis Ababa a vital nexus for dialogue, negotiation, and cooperation.   For seven years, the government has been undertaking a wide range of projects to give Addis Ababa a look befitting its international renown. The most prominent of these is the ongoing, large-scale corridor development project. Now, the city is undergoing a historic transformation—redefining what it means to be a livable, modern, and beautiful African capital. Through bold corridor development and riverside revitalization initiatives, Ethiopia’s capital is improving daily life while positioning itself as a rising star in African tourism and urban innovation. These initiatives are not merely about upgrading infrastructure; they represent a fundamental shift in urban planning aimed at creating a more livable and sustainable city. The projects, which have been implemented in phases, involve improving major routes by building wider roads, dedicated bicycle lanes, and spacious pedestrian walkways. This focus on non-motorized transport is crucial for a city where a large percentage of the population walks, and it aims to reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality. Beyond transportation, the corridors are designed to integrate green spaces, recreational areas, and public plazas, which are vital for enhancing the quality of life and fostering a sense of community.   The development has also had a profound impact on the city's socioeconomic landscape. By revitalizing neglected areas, the projects have spurred new commercial and residential developments, attracting investment and creating new job opportunities in the construction, retail, and hospitality sectors. The transformation aims to turn Addis Ababa into a "smart city" with modernized utilities like improved drainage systems and telecommunication networks. Visitors are now rediscovering a city that looks, feels, and breathes differently. The city is more than just comfortable for its residents. It has also become a beautiful destination for foreign visitors who come to explore its historical significance related to Pan-African ideals, its role as a beacon of African liberation, and its foundation as the headquarters of the African Union. The corridor development project is a multi-sectoral initiative aimed at improving roads, mobility, and public spaces. Spanning over 240 kilometers, the project includes 48 kilometers of newly asphalted roads, 96 kilometers of pedestrian walkways, and 100 kilometers of dedicated bicycle lanes. It also introduced 48 new bus and taxi terminals to streamline public transportation.   As the Mayor of the city, Adanech Abiebie noted, the initiative “enabled us to identify, renovate, and open many previously unknown heritage sites to the public,” while also reducing congestion, enhancing safety, and expanding green coverage. These upgrades have revived neglected neighborhoods and brought essential public amenities. From modern parks and libraries to skill training centers and upgraded housing for low-income residents, the city is being redesigned to serve everyone. Equally transformative is the Addis Ababa Riverside Project, which is converting polluted riverbanks into vibrant public spaces. Once health hazards, these rivers now host walkways, plazas, amphitheaters, and bike paths—turning environmental liabilities into valuable community assets. Global Admiration: A Model for Africa Addis Ababa's urban renaissance has earned international recognition. During the Pan-African Youth Leadership Summit, ministers from Gambia, Burundi, and Mali praised the city’s progress. “I have witnessed significant transformation,” said Gambia’s Youth Minister Bakary Badjie during a visit to the Addis International Convention Center. “We can learn much from Addis Ababa.” Danish Ambassador Sune Krogstrup noted, “You can really tell this is a city growing fast,” emphasizing the broader implications of infrastructure for inclusive development.   At the African Cities Forum, Professor David Francis of Sierra Leone likened Addis Ababa’s nighttime glow to Shanghai or London, calling it “the proud capital of Africa.” Chinese urban planning expert Professor Wang Jingping cited green spaces and new infrastructure as signs of remarkable progress. Tourists from Romania, India, Madagascar, and Uganda have also expressed admiration, noting the city's cleanliness, modernization, and welcoming atmosphere. Human-Centered Development What sets Addis Ababa’s development apart is its human focus. The Lenegewa Women's Rehabilitation Center, for example, provides skill-building and support for vulnerable women. Renovated housing projects offer dignity and improved living conditions for the urban poor. Initiatives like ‘Clean Ethiopia’ and ‘Dine for Sheger’ are improving sanitation and the city’s appearance. A boarding school for visually impaired students, built by the Office of the First Lady, reflects a commitment to inclusive infrastructure. Beyond aesthetics, the corridor project is enhancing daily life. Improved traffic flow, reduced accidents, and expanded green areas have created a safer and more enjoyable urban experience. Lighting, walkways, and trees along major corridors have turned streets into places for both transit and leisure. These projects aren’t merely about infrastructure—they’re about resilience, job creation, tourism, and fostering an inviting investment climate. They reflect a larger vision of building a capital that serves its citizens and prepares for future generations.   For a young African, visiting Addis Ababa can be a transformative experience. They might walk the same corridors where their grandparents' generation fought for independence or witness a heads-of-state summit shaping their future. The city is a living monument to the pan-African dream, a place where the struggles of the past and the aspirations of the future converge. Addis Ababa is not without its challenges. Like many rapidly growing urban centers, it grapples with issues of infrastructure, population growth, and urban planning. Yet, it continues to rise to the occasion, solidifying its reputation as a city that can host world leaders, influence global agendas, and serve as a symbol of African resilience and ambition. It is a city that, through its history and its unwavering commitment to unity, has truly earned its title as the diplomatic heart of Africa.

Addis Ababa, August 21, 2025 (ENA) -- From Sept. 4 to 10, the Algerian capital will become the epicenter of African trade. More than a mere economic gathering, the fourth edition of the Intra-African Trade Fair symbolizes Algeria's unwavering continental ambition-one that the nation is determined to fully embrace. A "work of projection and observation"— such was the recognition given to the substantial efforts undertaken following a thorough consultation on the current state of preparations and the key recommendations concerning the intensification of the organizational phase of the 4th Intra-African Trade Fair, scheduled to take place in Algiers in September. This event far exceeds the scope of a conventional economic exhibition. In a constantly evolving geopolitical context, where shifting balances redefine Africa's priorities, the organization of this fair in Algiers stands as a bold undertaking — a pivotal moment in the continent's trajectory. It provides Algeria with a unique opportunity to showcase its capacity to align economic aspirations with logistical expertise and forward-thinking diplomacy. The IATF 2025 is a strategic occasion for Algeria to reaffirm its place within the African economic sphere and to project a revitalized image of its productive capabilities. It aims to elevate intra-African cooperation to a structural level, yielding tangible outcomes in terms of trade facilitation and deeper integration into the continent's commercial momentum. Yet, this continental fair goes well beyond the framework of a trade exhibition; it represents a critical milestone in the operationalization of the African Continental Free Trade Area, offering Algeria an unparalleled platform to highlight its export potential. The political commitment surrounding the event is a testament to the Algerian authorities' resolve to make the IATF a structural success that serves the cause of regional integration. Beyond visibility, the ultimate goal is to transform the fair into a lever for sustainable economic diversification and a cornerstone of Algeria's strategic repositioning. Algiers is preparing to host a landmark event that embodies the continent's economic convergence. This dynamic follows the historic continuity of Algeria's commitment to African unity. Since gaining independence, the country has distinguished itself by actively supporting liberation movements and consistently engaging in a diplomacy that champions continental causes. Algeria's leading role within the African Union and its election to head numerous AU bodies are a direct reflection of this legacy, legitimizing Algiers as the host city of a continental event eagerly anticipated by entrepreneurs and economic experts alike. "To align all available means with the nation's African ambition" — this is the guiding principle shaping Algeria's strategic deployment of resources to enhance its image and influence. It involves the meticulous coordination of infrastructure, logistics, administrative procedures, protocol, financing, customs facilitation, transportation, accommodation, tourism, communication and marketing. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, unwavering in his Pan-African convictions, has consistently worked to strengthen political alignment across the continent. His vision is rooted in active solidarity, mutual support in facing common challenges, and, above all, a clear economic ambition: initiating a new growth dynamic powered by Africa's internal capacities and driven by intra-African trade. The slogan "Africa for Africans," which served as a foundational pillar of Pan-Africanism since the establishment of the Organization of African Unity, was first proclaimed from Algiers. It is no coincidence that today's pursuit of African economic renewal is once again anchored in this land of resistance and revolutionary fervor. Through IATF 2025, Algeria reasserts its role as a strategic crossroads and a driving force behind autonomous continental development. President Tebboune's strategy is underpinned by a long-term vision: the diversification of the national economy, the intensification of African partnerships, and a firmly stated intention to break free from asymmetrical economic relations. This bold approach finds tangible expression in the organization of this Pan-African fair, which many experts view as a vital instrument for promoting commercial exchange across a market estimated at over $3 trillion. Algeria is mobilizing all necessary resources to ensure that the IATF 2025 becomes a benchmark event — a strategic turning point in Algeria's economic projection across the African continent, aligned with the aspirations of its peoples. By hosting this major gathering, Algiers is not merely assuming the role of host; it is actively translating into reality a shared vision for the future, grounded in enduring and robust trade relations. September 4 will mark far more than an economic or diplomatically symbolic occasion. Algiers will embody a collective determination to deepen economic cooperation, driven by political will, as reaffirmed by Mr. Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of Nigeria. Within a single week, Algiers will reconnect with its destiny as a great African capital, laden with historical significance and the enduring hope of African unity. At a time when the continent is seeking new foundations, the 4th Intra-African Trade Fair in Algiers emerges as a beacon of exchange, ambition and reciprocity. Source - Algerian Embassy in Addis Ababa END

By Samiya Mohammed The thunderclap of Trump’s Liberation Day tariffs has a tempest across Africa’s economic landscape. With rates soaring to 50% for Lesotho’s textiles, 47% for Madagascar’s vanilla, and 30% for South Africa’s autos, the policies crystallize a brutality of nations nurtured by AGOA’s duty-free access now face commercial exile from their largest Northern market. Within this turbulence lies a galvanizing truth: Africa’s survival hinges not on pleading for Western leniency but on accelerating its continental trade renaissance. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfFTA) emerges as a spearhead for structural sovereignty. Trump’s tariff architecture, basing rates on bilateral trade deficits divided by imports, betrays a grotesque illogic. Lesotho is among the most severely impacted countries in Africa. The country exports approximately 200 million USD in textiles to the United States, while importing only 3 million USD in return. With the introduction of the new reciprocal tariff system, Lesotho is confronted with tariffs as high as 50 percent on its exported goods. Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire are also encountering significant difficulties. Ghana has been subjected to a 10 percent tariff, whereas Côte d’Ivoire, recognized as an agricultural powerhouse exporting nearly 1 billion USD in cocoa to the United States, has faced a 21 percent duty. This mathematical cruelty ignores why deficits exist. Africa exports raw minerals exempt from tariffs, but faces punitive rates on value-added goods like apparel or processed cocoa, the very industries AGOA sought to nurture. Landlocked states like Botswana rely on South African ports. Tariffs on South Africa thus cascade regionally, fracturing supply chains like brittle glass. This challenge has escalated even though negotiations are currently taking place with the Trump administration. The World Trade Organization (WTO), which was created to promote a rules-based global trading system, appears to be concerned about this crisis. Its dispute resolution mechanism, which is fundamental to its effectiveness, is essentially weakened, obstructing its capacity to tackle trade disparities and protect the interests of member countries. This immobilization carries significant consequences for the global economy, potentially resulting in heightened trade tensions, retaliatory actions, and a deterioration of the core principles of international trade agreements. However, the organization is optimist about Africa. When Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the Director-General of the WTO, spoke at the opening plenary session of the 4th Finance for Development Conference in Seville this year, she remarked that developing nations, which had anticipated boosting export revenues to avert a decline in their balance of payments, are now faced with a disruption so significant that it contributes to financial instability. “This is why we have argued that least developed countries as a group, and Africa as a region, should be exempted from these reciprocal tariffs, so we can better integrate them into the world trading system, not further exclude them, so that they can stand a better chance to earn the resources with which to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals.” The call made by the head of the WTO is significant, as it may assist nations on the continent in negotiating according to the principle of reciprocity, grounded in the national interests of each country. However, Africans possess a wealth of opportunities within their own borders. These opportunities could potentially elevate the continent to a prominent position on the global political and economic stage, providing substantial leverage. Engaging in trade among themselves is crucial to alleviating the impending threat of the current global trade war. While appealing to Washington to consider exemptions for the poorest nations, Okonjo-Iweala said the continent must not wait for outside leniency. She said the message is simply that Africa must become more self-reliant. To achieve that, she emphasized the urgent need to mobilize domestic resources, streamline regulatory bottlenecks, and, above all, deepen intra-African trade, which currently accounts for only 16 percent to 20 percent of the continent’s commerce. Here is the remedy. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) encompassing 54 nations over 1.3 billion people is no longer a bureaucratic dream but an urgent lifeline. The effective execution of this agreement is anticipated to enhance intra-African trade and generate opportunities for Africa to industrialize and increase its competitiveness in the global market. As global trade fragments, Africa’s internal market projected to hit $3.4 trillion by 2030 becomes the ultimate insulator. Such synergies are latent. AfCFTA’s reduction of 90% intra-African tariffs makes them viable and urgent, as Chinese manufacturers, locked out of U.S. markets, may flood Africa with cheap goods, undercutting nascent industries. Bilateral pleas have failed. Lesotho’s delegations secured only partial tariff reductions South Africa’s White House meeting yielded symbolism, not salvation. Unity is non-negotiable. As AU Chair João Lourenço could broker a grand bargain duty-free access for U.S. firms to Africa’s booming consumer markets in exchange for tariff relief on African apparel and agro-processing. Simultaneously, Africa’s critical minerals 92% of Botswana’s exports, 81% of DRC’s grant leverage. The U.S. needs cobalt for EVs and platinum for hydrogen Africa need not surrender it cheaply. Trump’s tariffs are a searing indictment of global trade’s hypocrisy but also Africa’s historic fragmentation. The answer isn’t despair but defiance through integration. Implementation accelerants are critical. Pilot transactions between Kenya, Ghana, Egypt, and South Africa must scale from hundreds to millions of shipments. Lesotho’s textile workers deserve subsidies for retraining or factory pivots to regional markets. China’s offer of duty-free access to 53 African nations, excluding, must be leveraged, but cautiously avoiding new dependency traps. As Wamkele Mene, AfCFTA Secretary-General, declares, “No single market will survive alone. Our combined population is our power”. The tariff storm may rage, but within it, Africa plants the seeds of an irreversible economic emancipation. Let factories hum in Lagos for Addis consumers, let Congolese tech startups scale in Johannesburg hubs. When trade walls rise, continents that trade with themselves thrive. Africa’s moment is not coming; it is here, forged in the fire of unjust tariffs and seized by continental vision.

By Gosaye Feyisa   Launched by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in June 2019, Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative (GLI) has grown into one of the world’s largest reforestation efforts. With over 40 billion seedlings planted and a target of 54 billion by 2026, the initiative is reshaping Ethiopia’s landscapes and setting a powerful example for environmental restoration, climate resilience, and food security across the continent. In 2025 alone, Ethiopia targets the planting of 7.5 billion trees, continuing its nationwide mobilization involving government institutions, communities, youth, and international partners. Observers and policymakers increasingly recognize the initiative as a replicable model for African countries facing similar environmental threats. Nigeria’s VP: Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Is a Blueprint for Africa During a visit to Ethiopia in July 2025, Nigeria’s Vice President Kashim Shettima praised the Green Legacy Initiative as a bold and practical response to climate challenges, calling it a blueprint for Africa’s sustainable future. Speaking at the official launch of the 2025 campaign alongside Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Shettima noted Ethiopia’s remarkable progress and its aim to plant 7.5 billion seedlings this year alone. He highlighted that the initiative—having already planted 40 billion trees and created hundreds of thousands of green jobs—is an example of visionary leadership and climate action. Applauding Abiy Ahmed as an inspiring reformer, Shettima urged other African nations to follow Ethiopia’s lead. “The promise of Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is the dream of every nation. It is a lesson in vision, in purpose, and in audacity,” he said. Ethiopia Leading Africa’s Green Revolution Harsen Nyambe, Director of Sustainable and Blue Economy at the African Union Commission, called Ethiopia a beacon of hope. He emphasized that its large-scale tree-planting campaign supports the African Union’s Great Green Wall Initiative, which seeks to combat desertification in the Sahel and Horn of Africa. “The Green Legacy of Ethiopia is a very good example… there are a lot of countries who want to do what Ethiopia is doing. But they do not have the know-how,” Nyambe noted, encouraging Ethiopia to share its expertise. Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative proves that with political will and community mobilization, even arid regions can be transformed into green, productive landscapes. Youth Engagement: Securing Africa’s Environmental Future The African Youth Conference for Peace became a landmark moment for youth-led environmental action. Delegates from Uganda, Burundi, and the Eastern Africa Standby Force participated in tree-planting efforts and committed to replicating Green Legacy back home. Nkakaire Anthony, a youth from Uganda, shared: “One of the biggest lessons I am taking back home is ensuring every youth out there preaches the gospel of planting trees… The future of Africa is determined by what is happening in the current generation.” This grassroots engagement highlights the power of youth leadership and environmental education for long-term climate resilience. Regional Impact: The “Green Brotherhood” Grows South Sudan’s Ministry of Environment Undersecretary, Joseph Africano Bartel, noted that Ethiopia has provided saplings to South Sudan and Djibouti under the “Green Brotherhood” initiative. He stressed the urgency of adopting such strategies across the region to tackle climate change, secure food systems, and promote sustainable agriculture. “The effects of the environment will not wait for us… we must exploit and manage our natural resources in a sustainable manner,” Bartel said. Andres Gulwak of South Sudan praised Ethiopia’s integration of agriculture and reforestation: “Ethiopia has invested a lot in agriculture… it’s up to us, the neighboring countries, to adapt this.” Global Recognition and Climate Leadership International leaders have lauded Ethiopia’s efforts. Portuguese Foreign Minister João Gomes Cravinho encouraged others to emulate the GLI model, while the UNFCCC’s Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) recognized GLI’s role in climate action. “Afforestation is a key climate action. Ethiopia planting 600 million trees in a single day is huge. It is a good, worth-emulating initiative,” said LEG Chair Gabriel Kapaka. Linus Mofor of the UN Economic Commission for Africa emphasized GLI’s importance for strengthening hydropower systems and boosting food security through diversified tree planting, including fruit and cash crops. Food Security and Agricultural Transformation Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is closely tied to its broader agricultural transformation strategy. At the 2024 World Without Hunger Conference, leaders from Sierra Leone and Guinea praised Ethiopia’s achievements in agricultural reform and wheat production. Sierra Leone’s President Julius Maada Bio noted: “Ethiopia now exports wheat… that is a phenomenal job.” Guinea’s Prime Minister Mamadou Oury Bah stressed that the Green Legacy Initiative not only enhances climate resilience but also creates jobs for youth. He pledged to replicate Ethiopia’s approach, particularly in reforesting Guinea’s Fouta Djallon highlands—a critical water source for over 15 African countries. Key Lessons for African Nations Ethiopia’s Green Legacy provides key lessons for climate action and sustainable development across Africa. It shows the power of strong political will, mass mobilization, and youth engagement. By sharing knowledge, investing in drylands, integrating agroforestry with farming and uniting for climate finance, African nations can build a greener, more resilient future. In conclusion, Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is more than a tree-planting campaign—it’s a model for climate resilience, sustainable development, and African unity. As more nations express interest in adopting similar programs, Ethiopia is poised to lead a continent-wide green transformation.

Addis Ababa, August 1, 2025 (ENA) -- Ethiopia has once again made history with a one-day national tree planting campaign on Thursday, during which over 714 million seedlings were planted as part of the Green Legacy Initiative. Numerous global and continental media outlets have provided extensive coverage of this remarkable achievement. International media organizations, including The Washington Post, The Independent, Associated Press, Sputnik, Anadolu Agency, Star Tribune, LAS Vegas Sun, Africanews, and several others, reported that this single-day campaign is a component of Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative, an ambitious conservation effort aimed at planting 50 billion trees by 2026. These media outlets have characterized the event in various ways, particularly regarding its benefits in addressing the challenges posed by climate change, the participation of the general public, and the international acclaim it has been receiving. The Associated Press (AP) highlighted the active engagement of the general public in Thursday's one-day planting initiative. Thousands of public servants, children, and government officials, including Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, have been deployed throughout the East African country to participate in planting seedlings.   AP also spoke with residents in Addis Ababa. Almaz Tadu, a 72-year-old grandmother, brought her grandchildren to a tree planting event, saying it reunites her with neighbors. “I have come with my mother, and this is my third time planting trees,” said 13-year-old student Nathenael Behailu. “I dream of seeing a green environment for my country.” Another Addis Ababa resident, Ayanaw Asrat, said he has heeded the call for the last three years. “I came early and I have so far planted 15 seedlings. I am very happy to contribute to creating greener areas across Addis,” he said. This extensive report by AP has been shared by several international media outlets. East Leigh Voice – a Kenyan online news outlet and newspaper – praised the community effort to plant 700 million trees in a single day as part of the Green Legacy Initiative. This initiative is in line with Ethiopia's dedication to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially those focused on climate action and eradicating hunger, and aims to enhance resilience in a nation often impacted by drought and environmental decline.   The Africa News depicted the public mobilization witnessed in the Green Legacy Initiative. The images of grandmothers and schoolchildren planting side by side offer a powerful vision of environmental stewardship - one that Ethiopia hopes will grow as steadily as the millions of saplings taking root across its landscapes. The country's ambitious tree-planting campaign not only seeks to combat climate change but also to cultivate a legacy of ecological responsibility for generations to come, the African News argued. Business Insider Africa, for its part, lauded the Green Legacy Initiative of Ethiopia as it represents a significant step in the country's ongoing efforts to combat climate change, deforestation, and land degradation. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed initiated the project in 2019, and it has since expanded from a government-led program to a nationwide movement, with millions of civilians participating annually. Planting Hope for Future Generations The Weather Channel, from America, appreciated the participation of the general public in the campaign. The report said that in a powerful show of hope and environmental ambition. The bold reforestation effort is in service of the country's vision of a greener, more sustainable future. Residents came together to plant millions of new trees in a single day, hoping to build a more climate-resilient future one seedling at a time. The project, called Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative, has been personally championed by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. He took to social media this week, encouraging citizens across the country to dig in. And they did. Residents were seen grabbing shovels and seedlings, ready to contribute to the nationwide push.   The Weather Channel quoted the prime minister as saying, “This is more than just tree planting. It is a call to action for every citizen, young and old, urban and rural, to take part in restoring our environment, protecting our water sources, improving livelihoods, and securing a sustainable future for generations to come.” Excluding the seedlings being planted during this rainy season, the nation has far planted over 40 billion seedlings since 2019, with the ultimate goal of planting 50 billion trees by next year. With tools in hand and optimism in the air, Ethiopia is proving that even the most ambitious goals can take root when communities come together. Residents came together to plant millions of new trees in a single day, hoping to build a more climate-resilient future one seedling at a time, the report added. International Acclamation Anadolu News Agency reported that the Green Legacy Initiative has drawn international attention for its scale, with diplomats and foreign leaders participating annually. In the last days, heads of state and delegates attending the UN Food Systems Summit joined tree-planting events. Participants included Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, Kenyan President William Ruto and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.   Xinhua, China News Agency, under its headline, Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative drives broader climate action, stated that Ethiopia is gaining momentum in its ecological restoration efforts. At the core of this drive is the Green Legacy Initiative, a homegrown tree-planting campaign launched in 2019 to address climate change, environmental degradation, and food security challenges at home and across the region. The government credits the Green Legacy Initiative with strengthening food security, particularly through the planting of fruit trees that contribute to household income, nutrition, and community resilience. The United Nations (UN) also recognized the Initiative’s contribution to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2, targeting zero hunger, through planting high-value fruit trees that enhance food availability. Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative also aligns with more global climate goals, including SDG 13, which urges urgent climate action. The UN has praised the initiative's "immense contribution" to adaptation efforts and its alignment with the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the African Union's Agenda 2063.   The Green Legacy Initiative is also inspiring regional action. Nigerian Vice President Kashim Shettima, who joined this year's tree-planting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's capital, hailed it as "an inclusive, impactful, and visionary model," urging African countries to follow Ethiopia's lead. Shettima also called the initiative a practical and inspiring response to the climate crisis, with wide-ranging benefits for land restoration, agricultural productivity, and job creation. Experts and policymakers argue that through the Green Legacy Initiative, Ethiopia is demonstrating that large-scale, nationally-led climate action is both achievable and essential for securing a stable future in the Horn of Africa and beyond, according to Xinhua.

Zelalem Yibeltal Addis Ababa, August 1, 2025 (ENA)—Ethiopia has long stood as a symbol of resilience and perseverance. Throughout its history, the country has faced adversity with unyielding resolve, transforming challenges into opportunities for growth. This enduring spirit is deeply rooted in the nation’s cultural fabric and is now manifesting in an ambitious and transformative environmental movement. The Green Legacy Initiative, launched in 2019 by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (PhD), has become a national symbol of unity, environmental restoration, and hope for future generations. With massive public participation and international recognition, Ethiopia is charting a bold path toward sustainable development. One of the most prominent reflections of Ethiopia’s collective spirit has always been its athletes. From the highlands of Oromia to the plateaus of Tigray and the valleys of the Southern Nations, Ethiopian athletes have carried the national flag to victory on global stages. More than medal-winners, they serve as embodiments of national pride, discipline, and unity. Their successes reflect a selfless commitment to collective glory over personal gain, a philosophy known locally as the "Green Flood." This ethos has now moved beyond sports and taken root in Ethiopia’s landscape through the Green Legacy Initiative. In its seventh year, the campaign reached an extraordinary milestone on July 31, 2025, when 714.7 million trees were planted across the country in a single day, exceeding the goal of 700 million. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, this historic feat involved the active participation of 27.7 million citizens, making it one of the largest mass mobilizations for environmental action in the world. This unprecedented campaign was more than a tree-planting event, it was a national movement. Much like its athletes, the people of Ethiopia came together in unity and determination, becoming environmental champions in the fight against climate change. African News described the campaign as a "green wave," lauding the sense of ownership and responsibility demonstrated by millions of Ethiopians. The Green Legacy Initiative is already delivering significant and measurable benefits. It is improving air quality and increasing oxygen levels, stabilizing regional climates, reducing drought and flood risks, restoring degraded soils, and enhancing water retention. These environmental improvements are contributing to higher agricultural productivity and improved food security, key pillars for building a sustainable and resilient economy. Beyond the ecological impact, the campaign has deepened national cohesion. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized that Ethiopia has proven its ability to “dream big and mobilize its people to achieve extraordinary goals.” The Green Legacy embodies a collective vision, a shared commitment to environmental renewal, national pride, and future prosperity. Ethiopia’s efforts have also resonated beyond its borders. At the 2025 campaign launch, Prime Minister Abiy gifted 4,000 seedlings to Nigerian Vice President Kashim Shettima, who reciprocated with 2,000 cashew seedlings and over 100,000 seeds. This symbolic exchange reflects Ethiopia’s commitment to Pan-African solidarity and regional cooperation in addressing environmental challenges. Moreover, the Green Legacy aligns closely with the African Union’s Agenda 2063, which calls for a prosperous, green, and climate-resilient Africa. Ethiopia’s contributions to reforestation and sustainable agriculture are not only benefitting its own citizens but also providing a model for continental environmental stewardship. At the recent UN Food Systems Summit held in Addis Ababa, Prime Minister Abiy proudly announced that over 46 billion trees had been planted in just four years. The announcement was met with widespread acclaim, and global leaders joined the prime minister in planting trees as a symbolic act of solidarity. As of today, Ethiopia has planted more than 48 billion trees, with a goal of reaching 50 billion by 2026. Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is far more than a national campaign, it is a movement of historical and environmental significance. By combining traditional values of unity and resilience with modern environmental action, Ethiopia is creating a legacy for sustainable development rooted in community mobilization and shared vision. Through bold leadership and widespread citizen participation, the nation is not only greening its landscape but also planting seeds of hope, resilience, and unity that will bear fruit for generations to come. As the world grapples with the effects of climate change, Ethiopia’s green wave stands as a powerful reminder of what can be achieved when a nation unites around a common purpose.

By A Staff Writer Addis Ababa, July 31, 2025 (ENA) -- Launched in June 2019 by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative aims to restore degraded land, expand forest cover, and mitigate the effects of climate change throughout the country. In an exciting development, millions of Ethiopians from all walks of life have united today in a historic nationwide tree-planting campaign, aiming to set a new milestone by planting 700 million saplings in 12 hours. In this regard, over 7.5 billion seedlings are set to be planted nationwide this year. Up until last Friday, the nation had already planted 5.5 billion seedlings all over the country. Ethiopia’s 2025 tree planting campaign has been themed “Renewal Through Planting.” Over the past few years, the nation has emerged as one of Africa's most fascinating stories of environmental resurrection. The nation has successfully planted 40 billion seedlings over the past six years, a feat that has garnered international praise as a model to be replicated in other regions of the globe. Launching the Green Legacy Initiative in 2019, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described his vision of planting seedlings as: "We are not just planting trees; we are planting seeds of a new mindset. A mindset that's sustainable, regenerative, and legacy." One of the features of the Green Legacy is its annual nationwide one-day national planting campaign that engages millions of citizens across the country in a coordinated effort. The initiative has started registering new milestone by planting millions of seedlings in 12 hours. During the inaugural year, 350 million seedlings were planted, while last year saw an increase to 615.7 million with 29.1 million citizens participating in the mass planting event. As a result of Ethiopia’s successful tree planting over the years in a row, the nation’s forest cover rebounded from 17.2 percent in 2019 to 23.6 percent last year. The green initiative is not just a tree program; however, it has evolved as a national movement with a wide base. Ministries, schools, universities, civic and religious associations, the armed forces, and diaspora communities are all actively engaged. Urban and rural people of all ages and in all walks of life collaborate, held together by a shared vision of a green Ethiopia. There are youths who grow seedlings in thousands of nurseries and provide saplings annually; generating economic benefits in addition to environmental advantages. The GLI has thus become a cultural movement, mainstreaming environmental awareness into the social fabric of the country. The GLI will further build its complementarity with climate-resilient agriculture, biodiversity corridors, urban greening, and eco-industrial development. Green ecological infrastructure is being increasingly invested in through public finance, increasing long-term sustainability. To mitigate growing climate change threats, such as deforestation, land degradation, nations are adopting sustainable forest development. Ethiopia’s green Legacy initiative is instrumental in achieving ecosystem rehabilitation, conservation of biodiversity, lower carbon emissions, and improved livelihoods. Ethiopia's GLI is a perfect example of this global phenomenon in that it provides an inspiring combination of environmental vision, national mobilization, and action towards transformative change. Over the past six years, the Green Legacy Initiative has become more than a national tree-planting drive. It has transformed landscapes, helped to restore degraded lands, and strengthened Ethiopia’s climate resilience. In doing so, it has also cultivated a strong culture of civic engagement. The sight of millions of people planting trees, young and old, in cities and the countryside has created a powerful narrative of shared responsibility and national renewal. This decentralization has ensured that the Green Legacy is not a top-down initiative, maintaining a popular sense of environmental stewardship. The initiative has placed Ethiopia among global leaders in reforestation and environmental restoration. More importantly, when is rooted in the national development ideal and collective resolve. The GLI has unequivocally established Ethiopia as a global leader in reforestation and environmental restoration. It's a testament to what can be achieved when environmental action is deeply rooted in national identity and collective resolve.

By Alice Ruhweza As the world assembles for the UN Food Systems Summit in Addis Ababa this week, we confront a simple but profound invitation not merely to reflect on four years of progress since 2021, but to fundamentally rethink how we finance, produce, and govern agri-food systems. This is because, from the intensive discussions on nutrition in Paris during the Nutrition for Growth Summit in March to the recent International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4) in Seville, and now, the sobering data of the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) report, the message is unmistakable: we must change and the time for change is now. The SOFI 2025 report offers both warning and nuance. While hunger begun receding in Southern Asia and Latin America, food insecurity worsened in both rural and urban Africa between 2022 and 2024. The global gender gap in food insecurity narrowed from 2021 to 2023 only to widen again in 2024, leaving women disproportionately exposed to malnutrition. Conflict, climate volatility, and post-Covid inflation have combined to erode hard-won gains, casting a long shadow over our pursuit of SDG 2 - ending hunger. These mixed signals demand clarity: Africa is not on track, and without decisive action, vulnerability will deepen across the continent. Because of these challenges, we have to continue making the case for agri-food systems. What does this actually mean? To me, it means calling for courage from donors, multilateral lenders, and investors to rethink risk, unlock catalytic capital, and shift away from short-term projects toward long-term, systemic financing. It means embracing unconventional tools like concessional finance, blended models, pay-for-results frameworks, and payments for ecosystem service (PES) among other novel ideas. It also means financing food systems through cross-sector channels, including health, climate, and social protection because food systems is not a silo, but the very infrastructure of resilience. Most crucially, it means putting farmers and food producers, especially young people, at the center of the conversation. I am convinced that agri-food systems must become an active driver of our food security and nutrition sufficiency transformation, not a passive recipient of aid. If centered in policy and resourced effectively, it will catalyze economic growth, unlock livelihood improvements, and simultaneously deliver on climate and nutrition goals. It is where climate action meets healthy diets, where dignified employment meets rural renewal, and where innovation meets inclusion for women and youth. In Africa, this synergy is not a distant aspiration; it is an imperative for survival and prosperity. At AGRA, with our two decades experience co-designing African solutions to sustainably raise farmers’ productivity and connecting them to a growing marketplace, we continuously embrace what has worked while evolving new ideas. Our work with researchers, donors, African governments, the private sector and civil society has seen SMEs thrive, digital and nature-based solutions scaled, and tangible results realized through increased smallholder productivity, reduction in post-harvest, and emergence of new market opportunities. For example, AGRA has facilitated 42 policy reforms across 11 focus countries thereby reducing approval times from between 8-10 years to between 3-5 years. In Tanzania, 2017 fertilizer regulations centralized oversight, increasing trade by 47 per cent and reducing prices by between 10-40 per cent. AGRA supported 10 National Agricultural Investment Plans (NAIPs) and 10 flagship programs, mobilizing US$1.4 billion, including US$400 million from governments. In Kenya, the 2019 Seed Act expanded certified seed access for 2.5 million farmers. These policy reforms unlocked US$1.5 billion in public budgets. Ethiopia’s extension system trained 70,000 agents; serving 15 million farmers while Nigeria’s revived state councils secured US$5 million in investments. But too often, these successes cannot be scaled, sustained or replicated across countries not for lack of innovation, but financing. Regrettably, as we seek to accelerate progress, finance is unwinding in the opposite direction. Official development assistance from G7 donors has fallen by nearly 28 percent since 2021, while debt burdens in low and middle-income countries have surged, constraining fiscal space for essential investments. Globally, it will take US$1.2 to US$1.4 trillion a year to transform global agrifood systems, just 1% of global GDP. That’s a fraction of the US$12 trillion we’re already losing annually to the hidden costs of poor health, environmental degradation, and inequality. The case for action is clear: responsible investment could unlock US$4.5 trillion in new business opportunities each year. These estimates, captured in the Global Donor Platform for Rural Development’s 2025 White Paper on Financing Agrifood Systems, a process to which AGRA is proud to have contributed, reminds us that the issue isn’t a shortage of capital, but whether we choose to deploy it where it matters most. Ultimately, if stakeholders are serious about transforming Africa’s agri-food systems, they must also get serious about financing her people and harness their creativity. The question before us in Addis Ababa is clear: will we seize this moment to mobilize the capital, creativity, and courage required to build the food systems that Africa and the world urgently needs? ====== Alice Ruhweza is President of AGRA, an African-led organization focused on putting farmers at the centre of our continent’s growing economy.

By A Staff Writer Addis Ababa, July 26, 2025 (ENA) Ethiopia has made relentless efforts to ensure its food sovereignty over the last seven years. The country achieved significant accomplishments in its desires of food sovereignty. It was based this milestone that Ethiopia was chosen to host the Second UN Food Systems Summit Stocktake (UNFSS+4), from July 27–29, 2025 in Addis Ababa. In this regard, this article elucidates Ethiopia's agricultural success stories hereunder: Ethiopia has experienced a stunning agricultural revolution that has earned it a status of one of Sub-Saharan Africa's best tales of self-sufficiency. Ethiopia has embarked on transforming its agriculture to rebrand itself as a self-food sufficient nation. This policy shift has been implemented with bold government programs and policies that seek to boost agricultural productivity and break reliance on food imports. Ethiopia initiated cluster wheat farming through irrigation, registering impressive outcomes. This national flagship program has revolutionized wheat cultivation in the country, with select seed varieties, and embracing new farming practices. This strategic initiative has transitioned the country from a wheat-importing nation to a wheat self-sufficient and exporting nation. Between 2019 and 2025, Ethiopia has not only addressed its wheat import gap but also become a net exporter of wheat. It did so as a result of a convergence of infrastructure development, participatory governance, and climate-resilient agriculture, coherent policies, and farmer and institution-level perseverance. A critical benchmark was set in 2019 when the Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda was launched, which put agriculture as largest sector for employment and economic backbone-- a prime driver of production and productivity. Pointing out this national milestone to the House of People’s Representatives during budget approval session for 2018 Ethiopian Fiscal Year, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed noted that Ethiopia has become the largest wheat producer in Africa after Egypt, stressing the government's steadfast push for food security and economic independence. The government's economic transformational plan is multi-faceted. The mainstay of the economy is agriculture, whose production and productivity has increased through irrigation schemes over the last seven years. Ethiopia's Ministry of Agriculture announced that a remarkable achievement for the 2016/17 Ethiopian crop year (2024/2025) harvested 290 million quintals of wheat through extensive winter and summer irrigation. This impressive result underscores the nation's commitment to bolstering domestic production and reducing reliance on imports. Minister of Agriculture Girma Amente emphasized that this accomplishment is a testament to Ethiopia's overarching strategy to substitute imported goods with homegrown produce and noted substantial progress, particularly in wheat cultivation since the launch of the National Wheat Initiative by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. According to the minister, the current year's production represents an increase of 60 million quintals compared to the previous season, demonstrating the effectiveness of these efforts. Further illustrating the impact of the government's focused irrigation initiatives, the 2025 crop season production alone saw 3.5 million hectares of land cultivated, yielding an impressive 140 million quintals of wheat. By 2024, Ethiopia irrigated 2.9 million hectares, in Afar, Oromia, Amhara, and others regions. The government's irrigation schemes allowed farmers to grow crops year-round, sidestepping seasonal uncertainties. Simultaneously, the country engaged with international agricultural research institutions to develop and share high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties suitable for the diverse agro-ecological zones. Mechanized agriculture has also improved significantly. In addition, Ethiopia is developing climate-resilient agriculture proactively. Environment-friendly and eco-agriculture-friendly policies involve duty-free importation of over 400 types of farm machinery, reducing farmers' expenses. Drip and sprinkler irrigation, conservation tillage, composting, agroforestry, and crop-livestock mixed systems are saving water and increasing yields, particularly in drought-affected areas. "Ye Lemat Turufat" (Bounty of the Basket) and the "Green Legacy Initiative" are at the center of achieving food sovereignty. They aim to increase food production, afforestation, and conservation. Apart from that, efforts towards diversification of farm production with a focus on high-value crops such as fruits, vegetables, pulses, and oilseeds are improving household income, nutrition, and food security. Digital technology has also been utilized in favor of farmers. Ethiopia had rolled out its National Agricultural Digitalization Strategy by 2024, enabling mobile advisory services, smart input distribution systems, and real-time data-based solutions for weather and pest alerts. These technologies enabled precision guidance, particularly in arid regions like Somali and Afar. Cluster farming and cooperative strategies are instrumental to facilitate economies of scale, joint inputs, and better access to markets, leveraging greater coordination, technology uptake, and linkage of smallholders into competitive value chains. A ten-year agricultural development strategy, transformational institutional reforms and firm policy support have reinforced the transformation. Land use reforms, greater rural finance, and improved extension services have made a significant contribution to the continuity and structural alignment to the agricultural transformation endeavors. Ethiopia's resource endowment significantly underpins its self-reliance targets. The country has immense hectares of arable land, favorable climate, and abundant water resources in various agro-ecological zones. This implies that multiple cultivation can be conducted, ranging from staple cereals like teff, maize, wheat, and sorghum to export crops like coffee and important legumes and oilseeds. The country has tremendous potential for meat and dairy production, and leather products. Above all, agricultural output is aided by the efforts of millions of smallholder farmers, who form the pillar of the nation's food security. What is particularly noteworthy about the agricultural revolution in Ethiopia is not the sheer magnitude of output but the depth and breadth of the change, across the system. The change has been facilitated by leadership, powered by innovation and broadened participation. Minister Girma Amente described the government reform as “The reform has changed the complexion of agriculture by increasing mechanization, promoting cluster farming, and opening opportunities for year-round cultivation. These reforms have turned food self-sufficiency into a real and replicable phenomenon." All told, Ethiopia's agrarian leap can be considered as a model for food self-sufficiency in the continent. It’s shift from a nation that grappled with food insecurity to a role model of agricultural self-sufficiency is a testament to the power of visionary leadership and collective effort of the government. Through bold government initiatives like the Irrigated Wheat Initiative, the transformation showcases the success of an integrated approach that emphasizes climate-resilient agriculture, farmer-centric policies, and institutional reforms. Given the vast agricultural potential with the adoption of data-led development and smallholder empowerment, Ethiopia is poised to champion a compelling model for sustainable food sovereignty in Africa and beyond.

By Girma Mirgisa In 2011, a dream took root on the banks of the Blue Nile; a dream so audacious, so improbable, that skeptics dismissed it as fantasy. But to millions of Ethiopians, it was not only possible; it was personal. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) began not as a blueprint on paper, but as a spark of hope in the hearts of ordinary people. It was a vision forged not in corporate boardrooms or foreign banks, but in the glow of kerosene lamps and the dusty courtyards of rural homes. I was a university student at the time, and I remember my childhood in Nono Sekala, a remote village in Oromia, where electricity was an unheard-of luxury. I studied by the dim, smoky light of a kerosene lamp; my dreams of education clouded by the literal and symbolic darkness of energy poverty. One evening, my father said something that would shape my life: “One day, you will have light. But to reach that day, we must all give what we can to help build the Renaissance Dam.” He had just heard a radio broadcast urging Ethiopians to contribute. I was still a teenager then, but I managed to find 50 birr and donated it proudly. That 50 birr felt as significant as a thousand, not due to its financial worth, but because of what it symbolized: faith. Thanks to my family’s support, I was able to complete my education and pursue a career in journalism, dedicated to writing and sharing the stories behind this historic mega-dam. As a young adult, I purchased GERD bonds three times and eventually had the opportunity to visit the dam many times in person. A People's Dam: Unity in Action The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam was never just an energy project. It became a national movement one of sacrifice, unity, and defiance. No international loans or other forms of financial supports were involved. Farmers, teachers, laborers, merchants, students, and diaspora communities all gave what they could. Bonds were bought, songs were sung, and hope became a national currency. Many doubted us. Financial institutions pulled out. Pundits scoffed at the idea of a low-income nation constructing one of Africa’s largest hydroelectric dams. But they underestimated one powerful force: the collective will of the Ethiopian people. GERD now spans the mighty Abbay River (Blue Nile), standing as one of the most significant infrastructure achievements on the continent. It has already begun to light homes, power industries, and most importantly ignite a sense of ownership and pride in millions. GERD is not just about electricity; it is about transformation. Over 600 million people in Africa still live without power. GERD challenges that reality by providing clean, renewable energy not only to Ethiopia, but also to neighboring countries such as Sudan, Djibouti, and Kenya. It turns a river once seen as a source of tension into a current of cooperation and shared growth. This is energy diplomacy in motion an interconnected Africa driven by shared prosperity, not foreign dependence. Green Power, Bold Future In a world battling climate change, GERD stands as a rare example of sustainability born from necessity rather than abundance. Ethiopia, one of the countries least responsible for global emissions, is choosing to lead the green transition. By replacing carbon-intensive fuels with hydropower, GERD reduces emissions, protects forests, and promotes environmental resilience. Rural households once dependent on firewood now have access to clean electricity. Women and children no longer spend hours collecting fuel. GERD, through clean energy, is reshaping not only the environment but also daily life, gender roles, and opportunity. It aligns with global climate goals, including the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals; particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action); positioning Ethiopia not just as a recipient of aid, but as a leader in climate action. Africa’s Vision in Action GERD is not a solitary achievement; it is a continental signal flare. It embodies the ambitions of Agenda 2063, the African Union’s blueprint for a prosperous, integrated, and self-reliant Africa. It speaks the language of this vision: homegrown solutions, infrastructure-led growth, and pan-African cooperation. As African nations work together to build railways, digital corridors, and industrial zones, GERD offers a model for what self-financed, people-powered mega-projects can achieve. It proves that Africa can finance its dreams not with debt, but with determination. From the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) to cross-border energy trading, the continent is weaving itself into a stronger, more resilient whole. GERD stands as a cornerstone in this architecture. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is more than a feat of engineering; it is a monument to belief. It is a symbol of what is possible when people; no matter their means; unite behind a common purpose. Every drop of water that flows through its turbines whispers back to those smoky nights in villages like mine. Every spark of light it generates is a tribute to the millions who chose hope over doubt and action over despair. Reflecting on my journey—from a boy squinting under the dim glow of a flickering flame to a journalist standing in the shadow of a monumental dam—I am now privileged to tell the story of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. What lies before me is more than a network of power lines and transformers. As it nears full operational capacity and approaches its final ribbon closure, the GERD stands tall as a sovereign landmark—an enduring testament to Ethiopia’s unwavering commitment to self-reliance, unity, and the pursuit of transformative national development. GERD is my story. It’s Ethiopia’s story. It’s Africa’s story.

By Gezmu Edecha "How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother, let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when you yourself fail to see the log in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye." These famous verses of the Bible came to my mind as I watched while Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki was delivering his recent two-hour press conference. He stood before the cameras—not to reflect on the suffering of his people, nor to offer a vision for the future—but to wax philosophical rhetoric about global politics. It was a surreal moment, a president pontificating about world affairs while his own nation has been suffocating throughout his rule. When journalists pressed him for answers about Eritrea itself, he waved them off “No time now.” That response said everything. Throughout Afeworki’s rule, Eritrea has never reflected the views of its people. ‘‘Afeworki’s Eritrea’’—is a land of closed borders, closed mouths, and closed futures. In Eritrea, there is no constitution. No elections. No free press. No executive accountability. The country is held hostage under a single man’s grip. Afeworki’s claims the authority to criticize others while silencing dissent, crushing generations, building a de facto slave economy through endless conscription. But on what moral ground does he stand? How can a leader who has done so little for his own people cast judgment on governments striving—however imperfect—they expended efforts to uplift their people? Afeworki’s Eritrea Fiasco I remember the early days of Eritrean independence—how full of pride and possibility the people were. The vision was bold: Eritrea as the “Singapore of Africa,” a clean, efficient, and disciplined country that would rise from the Red Sea coast as a model for post-colonial development. Eritreans had paid sacrifice enormously for that independence, and the world watched with admiration. It wasn’t an empty dream. The Eritrean people are creative, resilient, and fiercely hardworking. They are known for their discipline, their love of country, and their drive to build. Only when their government honored those virtues—Eritrea could have stood shoulder to shoulder with the continent’s rising stars. Instead, that potential was betrayed. Under Isaias’s leadership, Eritrea has become a garrison state. Not metaphorically—but literally. Young Eritreans are conscripted into endless “national service,” draining the vision, dreams, creativity and aspirations of the Eritrean youth in particular and people in general. Eritreans had dreams prior to independence—freedom, democracy, development, dignity, and the likes. Afeworki has put the fate of “ his Eritrea” into a fiasco! An Anecdote of Escape I once met a young Eritrean named Selam in Addis Ababa, who escaped after years in Sawa. Her crime? Being an Evangelical Christian who frequently love to pray. That choice of her simply turned into two months of solitary confinement—and a lifetime decision to flee her homeland. “I didn’t leave Eritrea to chase money,” she told me. “I left because I wanted to be treated as a human being.” She walked for days through the desert, was held by traffickers in Sudan, and finally reached Ethiopia. Selam is just one among hundreds of thousands of Eritrean youths. Every year, It’s a horrific experience that Eritrea’s brightest students who have visions for their country and family off on a perilous journey across deserts and seas. Many drown in the Mediterranean, perish in Libyan prisons, or vanish along smuggler routes. ”Afeworki’s Eritrea” has led the youths to end up in deserts and seas! If not for Isaias’s iron-fisted rule, Eritrea’s young lives would not be lost. Those minds would not be perished. Worst of all, Afeworki dos not have any articulated policy—economic nor political for its people! Conversely, Ethiopia Is Rising Just across the borders, Ethiopia tells a very different story—one of struggle, yes, but also of momentum and reinvention. While Isaias’s Eritrea remains frozen in fear, Ethiopia has emerged as one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies. From the massive GERD dam to the Green Legacy reforestation campaign, from joining BRICS to liberalizing its markets, Ethiopia is not just moving—it is leaping forward. More than three million jobs were created in just two years. Ethiopia has built roads, railways, industrial parks, and launched a digital transformation initiative aimed at delivering services transparently. The private sector is growing, university students are graduating, and free elections—despite challenges—have become a reality. This is not to say Ethiopia is perfect. But the difference with “ Afeworki’s Eritrea is sky high. While Eritreans are fleeing to escape endless conscription, Ethiopians are returning from the diaspora to invest in businesses, teach in universities, or simply be part of the momentum. Let’s not pretend this contrast is coincidental. It is not the fault of the Eritrean people that their country has plummeted. Addis Ababa is booming. It is not the fault of Eritrean youth that they are scattered across refugee camps and detention centers in Europe, Israel, and Sudan. Afeworki’s Eritrea—a country captivated by one man’s rule—a fiasco. While Ethiopia generates clean energy, Eritrea generates fear; Ethiopia opens its borders for investment, Afeworki transfers arms, Ethiopian invests in its youths, while Eritrean youths still fleeing in mass where most of them sad to tell are drowning in seas and oceans. Today, nearly a million Eritreans live outside their country. In Ethiopia alone, over 700,000 Eritrean refugees have found shelter and hope. This is not migration. This is exodus. But how many Ethiopians live in Eritrea? Almost none! Afeworki - the Region’s Sole Exporter of Insecurity Eritrea's tragedy under Afeworki is not only a national issue—it is a regional one. For three decades, Isaias Afewerki has been the Horn of Africa’s chief exporter of insecurity. From his long conflict with Ethiopia, his antagonism toward Djibouti, his interference in Somalia and Sudan, to his ongoing refusal to engage diplomatically, his leadership has destabilized the very region. Imagine a different path, if Eritrea were a constructive player, it would built a Red Sea trade corridors, would deepen ties with Ethiopia, and create jobs across borders. Instead, the region has had to spend its energy managing antagonism and destruction orchestrated by Afeworki. The Way Forward There is hope for Eritrean people. Eritrea’s strategic position, its rich culture, and its disciplined population still offer enormous promise—if liberated from Afeworki’s grip. With peace and integration, Eritrea could become exactly what it once dreamed of being: a gateway to Africa, a logistics hub, a vibrant Red Sea power. Peace with Ethiopia is not a threat—it is the path forward. A common interest, shared energy, shared ports and shared dignity. If Assab port revived as a regional port, Ethiopian and Eritrean youths would engage in startups together, if Eritrea exported power from Ethiopia’s GERD, these would leverage both Ethiopia and Eritrea to prosper. All of this is possible. But not under Afeworki’s whims. Eritrean People Deserve Honour The Eritrean people are not broken. They are not silent by nature—they have been silenced. They are not poor by fate—they have been impoverished by policy. Their future is not gone—it is simply waiting for a leader who will unlock it. The world must stop looking at Eritrea as a failed state. It is not just a failed state. It is captivated state—one whose potential has been hijacked by a man who rules not for progress, but for repressive. As Ethiopia rises and the Horn transforms, the world must listen not to the voice of Afeworki—but to the whisper of millions of Eritreans like Selam. That is what made Isaias Afewerki’s latest press conference so tragic—and so telling. For two long hours, he lectured the world about geopolitics, history, and philosophy. But he never dared to look his people in the eye. Never did he address even once the endless exile of Eritrean youths. Never once spoke of hope, because he has none to offer. In the end, his words floated into the air—detached, defensive, and ultimately futile. A total fiasco! And when the cameras turned off, the exodus continued. Note: The views expressed in this op-ed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ENA.

By Girma Mirgisa Addis Ababa, July, 19, 2025 (ENA)—As a defining event for global food security and climate resilience, Ethiopia is finalizing preparations to host the United Nations Food Systems Summit +4 Stocktake (UNFSS+4) at the end of this month. This highly anticipated summit, co-hosted by the governments of Ethiopia and Italy, will bring together heads of state, ministers, researchers, youth advocates, and civil society organizations from across the globe. The summit aims to assess global progress in food systems transformation and forge a unified path toward sustainability, equity, and resilience. This summit represents more than a diplomatic milestone—it marks a pivotal turning point. With just five years left until the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals deadline, urgent and decisive action is needed to tackle hunger, malnutrition, climate shocks, and inequality. By hosting UNFSS+4, Ethiopia steps into the global spotlight, demonstrating leadership in transforming food systems while confronting some of today’s most critical development challenges. Ethiopia’s leadership is grounded in its strong commitment to food sovereignty and inclusive development. Since its implementation in 2021, the Ethiopian Food Systems Transformation and Nutrition (EFSTN) initiative has played an integral role in the country’s efforts to ensure access to safe, affordable, and nutritious food. Evidently, EFSTN integrates sustainable agriculture, equitable access, climate-smart technologies, and collaborative governance to create a food system that nurtures both people and the planet. EFSTN is led by a high-level Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee, co-chaired by the Ministers of Agriculture and Health, and coordinated by the Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Institute. The initiative emphasizes a whole-of-society approach bringing together farmers, policymakers, youth, entrepreneurs, and civil society around 24 game-changing interventions grouped into seven clusters, addressing every aspect of the food system from production to nutrition, governance, and waste. Thus, through the Ethiopian Food Systems Transformation and Nutrition initiative, the country has demonstrated commendable leadership. Coordinated Initiatives in Driving Ethiopia’s Food System Improvement In recent years, Ethiopia has rolled out nationally coordinated initiatives showcasing practical solutions, grounded in community-driven innovation and inclusive governance. One of the standout achievements is the clustering approach, which boosts productivity and market connectivity by consolidating farmers and farmland into more efficient production units. Within five years, it has reached 8.6 million hectares and supported 10 million farmers through improved access to inputs, mechanization, services, and market opportunities. Moreover, Ethiopia has introduced key policy reforms to drive long-term transformation. These include land and rural development policies, expanded access to rural finance, and index-based insurance schemes designed to strengthen farmer resilience and productivity. The development of national food-based dietary guidelines also supports improved nutrition at the community level. Transformative Outcomes in Ethiopia’s Food System Ethiopia’s success in wheat productivity stands as a landmark achievement in the country’s recent history, placing the nation at the center of agricultural transformation in Africa. The Wheat Initiative has truly transformed domestic production. And it is significantly boosting Ethiopia’s wheat output and advancing self-sufficiency. It also positions the country as a potential wheat exporter within the continent. This transformation has been driven by strategic investments in irrigation, high-yield seed varieties, mechanization, and extensive farmer mobilization, all implemented through a coordinated multi-sectoral approach. Beyond boosting production, the initiative has created rural employment, increased farmer incomes, and significantly reduced Ethiopia’s reliance on wheat imports—positioning it as a model for climate-resilient and self-reliant agriculture on the continent. Another key driver of Ethiopia’s success in food system improvement is the Green Legacy Initiative. It has played a pivotal role in restoring degraded lands and supporting rural livelihoods. Spearheaded by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia has planted over 42 billion tree seedlings to date under the Green Legacy Initiative—an unprecedented achievement in environmental restoration and climate resilience. Meanwhile, the initiative has significantly expanded the nation’s nursery capacity to over 130,000 sites, bolstering the supply of food, wood, animal feed, and water resources. Equally transformative is the 'Ye Lemat Tirufat' (Bounty of the Basket) initiative, which champions the production of nutrient-rich foods—such as dairy, fish, poultry, and honey—to enhance food and nutrition security at both household and national levels. By promoting dietary diversity and combating malnutrition, the program empowers smallholder farmers, strengthens local value chains, and drives inclusive rural economic growth. Its holistic approach not only elevates public health outcomes but also builds resilient, climate-smart food systems capable of withstanding environmental and economic shocks. Further underscoring the country’s strides in food security, the government-led Homegrown School Feeding Program is tackling barriers to education by providing nutritious meals to schoolchildren. It provides nutritious meals to schoolchildren using locally sourced food. And this program is significantly boosting attendance, enhancing concentration, and improving academic performance. Most importantly, the program supports local food economies by linking smallholder farmers to stable markets. Ethiopia's Historic Role as Host of the UNFSS+4 Summit Ethiopia’s hosting of the UNFSS+4 Summit in Addis Ababa represents a bold commitment to global food system transformation and marks a historic milestone for Africa’s leadership on the world stage. Furthermore, this marks the first time the landmark global summit is being held on African soil, underscoring the continent’s growing leadership in addressing the intertwined challenges of hunger, climate change, and economic vulnerability. For Ethiopia—where agriculture remains the backbone of the economy and homegrown innovations are already transforming rural livelihoods; the summit is anticipated to present a vital opportunity to showcase its hard-earned progress, forge stronger global partnerships, and attract greater investment for sustainable development. Addis Ababa UNFSS+4 Summit in Advancing Outcomes UNFSS+4 also serves as a global checkpoint. Since the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit, 127 countries have adopted national transformation pathways. While many have made notable progress, others continue to face setbacks from climate shocks, conflict, economic instability, and the lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Addis Ababa summit will offer a platform to reflect on these journeys, assess progress, and renew political commitment. Delegates will examine progress reports, participate in high-level sessions, and discuss strategies to unlock the estimated 300 to 400 billion dollars in annual investment needed to shift global food systems toward sustainability. The summit will begin with Action Day on July 27, featuring field visits that spotlight Ethiopian-led innovations—from smallholder farms and school feeding programs to sustainable land restoration practices. Over the next two days, plenary sessions, ministerial roundtables, and expert panels will address topics such as climate-smart agriculture, inclusive governance, financing, and the rights of marginalized communities. Participants will include governments, UN agencies, youth leaders, Indigenous Peoples, women’s groups, and grassroots innovators working to reshape food systems from the ground up. This inclusive, rights-based approach is central to both EFSTN and UNFSS+4. With over 733 million people globally facing hunger and more than one-third of the world’s population unable to afford a healthy diet, the urgency for systemic change is undeniable. Today, food systems go beyond agriculture; they influence health, education, climate, equity, and peace. They are both a challenge and a solution for this generation. For Ethiopia, UNFSS+4 is more than an event; it’s a platform to amplify its national vision, attract investment, and shape the global food agenda. Ethiopia is showing that food systems transformation is not only necessary but achievable, and that inclusive, locally driven solutions can create lasting impact. Hence, with the spotlight on Addis Ababa this July, Ethiopia is showing the world that transformation is not a future goal but a present reality.

By Bereket Sisay Addis Ababa, July 13, 2025 (ENA) --The recent devastating flash floods that hit Central Texas in the U.S., resulting in the deaths of over 120 individuals, alongside the recent flooding incidents in China, Pakistan, and South Africa, as well as the extensive wildfires and heat waves that impacted France and other regions of Europe, serve as a stark reminder of the severity of climate change and the perilous path the world is on towards an even greater climate disaster. Due to huge alterations in temperature and climate patterns, the effects of climate change have evolved, and become more increasingly concerning and pronounced. This shift has led to significant costs associated with damage to human lives and property. Furthermore, it has jeopardized the resilience of future capabilities. This challenge is by far grimmer in eastern Africa, particularly horn Africa, where vulnerable to climate-related disasters is very high due to its dependence on rain-fed agriculture and its limited capacity to adapt. As per the 2024 report from the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), the Horn of Africa has faced numerous climate-related disasters since 2010. This catastrophe poses a threat to agriculture, water supplies, and public health while increasing the suffering of the population and obstructing socio-economic development of the region. More importantly, environmental degradation has sternly diminishes the region's ability to cope with severe weather events. Additionally, these occurrences are intensified by fundamental social factors like deforestation, migration, and land degradation. The challenging circumstances of the region, coupled with increasing vulnerability, prompted Ethiopia to launch the Green Legacy Initiative in 2019 under the leadership of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The initiative seeks to address deforestation, land degradation, and climate change, while also restoring damaged landscapes, enhancing biodiversity, generating employment opportunities, and improving socio-economic conditions. The initiative, which is founded on the concept of homegrown solution to climate calamity, is closely aligned with national priorities, such as Ethiopia's Climate Resilient Green Economy strategy and the National Adaptation Plan, as part of a collective approach to address disasters resulting from climate change in the region. The initiative since it started, it has been undertaken billions of tree planting activities every year while participating millions of Ethiopian with a primary goal of enhancing the nation’s forest coverage. In this regard, the initiative has already yielded tangible benefits, increasing the country's forest coverage from approximately 17% to 23% through ongoing tree planting activities, and has successfully registered over 42 billion seedlings to date. The western Harerge zone of the Oromia Regional State is an example of how the initiative has restored degraded land through afforestation and the revival of water pools. Individuals and government representatives from this particular place provided testimony regarding the initiative's capacity to revitalize the area through greening efforts, drawing comparisons between the present circumstances and those of the past. In addition, because of the enhancement of environmental consciousness among the general public through green legacy initiative, The Ethiopian Forestry Development data indicates that the nation’s annual deforestation rate decreased from an estimated 38,000 hectares seven years ago to 27,703 hectares last year, and is continuing to decrease. Consequently, this initiative greatly aids the nation in carbon sequestration by enhancing forest coverage, rehabilitating ecosystems, and boosting the ability to absorb and retain atmospheric carbon dioxide. In addition to helping to lower Ethiopia's carbon footprint, this forest coverage enhances the public health performance index by supplying quality air to the nearby region. The initiative has also effectively restored the ecosystem by reintroducing indigenous trees that had suffered greatly due to poor soil quality, inadequate soil conservation methods, and various forms of mismanagement. As a result, the flora contents of the nation including indigenous trees have now been recovered sufficiently. This initiative holds significant importance for various reasons, one of which is its successful contribution to the pursuit of food sovereignty. This is primarily linked to the organic cultivation of trees, which enhances soil fertility and water retention, thus fostering sustainable agricultural practices. Moreover, it boosts productivity by encouraging the growth of fruit-bearing trees and agroforestry methods. Thus, the initiative has yielded impressive outcomes, increasing agricultural productivity in numerous regions across the country. Small-scale farmers, especially those located in rain-scarce and lowland areas are now reaping the benefits of agroforestry through the Green Legacy Initiative. As a result of heightened productivity, their livelihoods have markedly improved in terms of income and dietary diversity. Their transformative lifestyle, which has ushered in the green legacy, has indeed heralded a new era in their agriculture-based living pursuits. In addition to its direct contributions, the initiative has also generated job opportunities for nearly a million individuals throughout the agroforestry value chains, thereby enhancing community economic resilience. The Ethiopian Green Legacy, which allocates 0.5% to 1% of its annual federal budget, has beneficial effects that extend beyond Ethiopia to neighboring countries and the broader Horn region. Consequently, Ethiopia is trying to share its expertise with surrounding countries by distributing seedlings and sharing its experiences. This initiative aims to foster partnerships and collaborations that enhance regional cooperation in climate adaptation and environmental restoration because this endeavor requires collective efforts. Meanwhile, the project has evolved into a flagship initiative for IGAD, setting an example for other member states in their fight against climate change. Furthermore, the initiative is part of a larger regional effort associated with the African Union's Great Green Wall project, which aims to combat desertification in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. After examining the growing impacts of the Green Legacy initiative and considering how it can serve as a model for other African countries, I would like to share what former AU Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development, Blue Economy, and Sustainable Environment Josefa Sacko told me during my interview with her two years ago: "Many other countries should come and see this program in Ethiopia and learn from it. That is the advantage of being in this AU platform—knowledge sharing. We need to share knowledge. As commissioner in this area, I will always say that all other countries should embrace what Ethiopia is doing and follow its example.” Her statement further reinforces Ethiopia's commitment to a sustainable future, which is now extending beyond its borders and becoming a regional initiative. Ethiopia has been working tirelessly to encourage other African countries to start their own versions of this initiative and increase its impact. That’s why the Ethiopian prime minister has been urging other African countries to join hands in this comprehensive approach against climate disaster. During the launch ceremony of this year's Green Legacy Initiative, which aimed to plant 7.5 billion tree seedlings, Prime Minister Abiy once again emphasized the initiative's valuable lessons for other African countries. For Abiy, these lessons extend beyond environmental sustainability and achieving food self-sufficiency to include supporting others. Echoing Abiy's remarks, Nigeria’s Vice President Kashim Shettima, who attended this year's Green Legacy Initiative, called on fellow Africans to follow Ethiopia's lead, as the initiative is an inclusive, impactful, and visionary model for addressing climate change. Nigeria is drawing inspiration from Ethiopia's experience and advancing this agenda, which has significant implications for enhancing the green legacy initiative and making a substantial contribution to addressing the impending climate-related crisis. This is not only relevant for Africa, but for the entire world as well. Data indicates that the planet is heating up at an unparalleled pace, with 2024 already recorded as the hottest year to date. In spite of some advancement, the global community is not on course to achieve the objectives set forth in the Paris climate agreement, which seeks to maintain the average increase in surface temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Nevertheless, projections suggest that the planet is on a path to experience a temperature increase ranging from 2.6 to 3.1°C above pre-industrial levels by the year 2100. Besides its detrimental effects and associated losses and damages, climate change is responsible for pushing an estimated 26 million individuals into poverty annually due to extreme weather phenomena and natural calamities, as reported by recent World Bank statistics. Consequently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommends that “the magnitude and rate of climate change and associated risks depend strongly on near-term mitigation and adaptation actions, and projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages escalate with every increment of global warming” This has prompted nations, especially those in Africa, to focus on reversing negative trends and to implement climate adaptation programs through utilizing locally developed solutions. This necessity arises from the fact that African nations are unable to self-finance or receive the essential climate finance required to support various climate adaptation initiatives and projects aimed at a just transition. Furthermore, the $100 billion pledged by developed nations for climate compensation to developing countries, intended to address loss and damage, has not been delivered effectively. Even the available funds are not reaching those most in need. Thus, it is essential for African nations to adopt the strategies that Ethiopia is employing (Green Legacy) to enhance their efforts against climate change and to contribute to sustainable development, as this initiative is better tailored to the local context. Failing to take such actions risks an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, which could exacerbate the existing socio-economic challenges on the continent, significantly hindering Africa's progress toward achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and its continental blueprint, Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want.

  By Rahel Abebe Mekonnen At the invitation of the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and coordinated by the Embassy of Finland in Addis Ababa, I recently had the extraordinary opportunity to visit Finland. This remarkable journey brought together journalists from across Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal, Mozambique, and Zambia. Of all countries that I visited, Finland is a country of many remarkable features that left an indelible impression on me. Known as ‘the Land of thousand Lakes’, it captivates visitors with its natural beauty—75 percent of its land is still covered by pristine forests. Home to approximately five and a half million people, Finland stands as one of Europe's wealthiest nations. Located in Northern Europe, this Nordic gem has been named the happiest country in the world by the United Nations for eight consecutive years, a distinction that became increasingly clear to me during my stay. The Magic of Endless Light During Finland's daylight saving time (roughly from late March to late October), Finland and Ethiopia share the same time zone (UTC+3), which made my adjustment easier upon arrival. However, while I usually research thoroughly before traveling to foreign countries, nothing quite prepared me for the unusual glow of the sun when we stepped out for dinner on our first evening - it felt more like breakfast time. For us Africans, accustomed to eating dinner after dark, the idea of a late dinner while the sun still graces the sky is not only strange but almost unheard of. I had previously experienced long summer days in Spain, where the sun didn't set until nearly midnight, but what I witnessed in Finland was entirely different. Here, the sun seems reluctant to give way to the moon. Summer evenings are characterized not by artificial lights, but by natural sunlight - literally like midday. The night remains bright, the sky never truly darkens, and a new day begins before the previous one has fully faded. How extraordinary this was for us Africans, especially those of us who come from near the equator. The colorful northern lights that grace Finland's skies during certain times of the year represent one of the country's most stunning natural highlights, adding to the magical quality of this Nordic wonderland. Nature in Its Purest Form As a nature lover, I was deeply moved by what I witnessed in Finland. Without exaggeration, I saw nature preserved in its purest form. The country's remarkably clean air serves as clear evidence of this exceptional environmental stewardship. My admiration began moments after arrival. While being driven approximately 15 kilometers from the airport to our hotel, I was surprised by the city's greenery and the landscape's lushness. During my stay, I confirmed with my own eyes that much of Finland's land is indeed covered by forests and water bodies, creating a harmonious and unspoiled environment. Walking through the beautiful forests in and around Helsinki, Finland's capital, even the ground spoke of the land's richness. The earth was not only a testament to the area's fertility but felt soft and springy beneath our feet - each gentle crack underfoot serving as a quiet reminder of nature's abundance.   Helsinki: A Capital of Grace and Space In Helsinki, the Senate and Kansalaistori Squares hold the same prominence as Addis Ababa's Arat Killo and Sidist Killo squares. These squares are surrounded by key landmarks, including the Presidential Palace, the University of Helsinki, the Parliament, the National Library, and the iconic Helsinki Cathedral. Like many European cities, Helsinki is renowned for its beautiful and architecturally impressive low-rise buildings. The city feels open and spacious, thanks in part to its relatively small population. Roads are paved with a combination of asphalt and traditional cobblestone, accommodating modern vehicles, public buses, and electric trains. For someone unfamiliar with European cities, it's easy to mistake cobblestone roads for sidewalks - I remember being surprised in Italy when I found myself unknowingly walking in the middle of a driveway. Natural Treasures and National Symbols Finland's natural beauty is immediately apparent, reflected in its national symbols. The silver-barked Finnish Silver Birch tree and the brown bear! Beyond its wildlife, Finland's forests are home to various edible plants, including wild strawberries and mushrooms that grow between the tall trees. While Finland boasts many different types of strawberries that aren't available year-round, it's common during the growing season to see people venturing into the woods with empty baskets and returning with freshly picked wild berries. Though Finland is known as the Land of Thousands of Lakes, it actually has over 180,000 of these pristine water bodies, which rank among the country's most treasured natural resources. One aspect I appreciated most was the clean, unprocessed natural spring water offered everywhere to everyone. In Finland, bottled or factory-produced water is rarely used. Instead, pure, natural spring water flows straight from the tap - fresh, cold, and incredibly delicious. What a truly refreshing experience! Cultural Connections and Ancient Wisdom The Finnish people demonstrate deep respect for culture and heritage, particularly in their connection to nature. I was fascinated to discover that myths and legends often associated with trees and animals are told in Finland, much like in many parts of Africa. These stories are closely tied to nature and are believed to explain the origins of certain traditions and natural phenomena. The Sauna Experience One day during our visit, we traveled to Nuuksio National Park, a place of extraordinary natural beauty. After a peaceful walk through towering trees, we were invited to enjoy a traditional Finnish sauna followed by a swim - an essential part of Finnish culture. Interestingly, "sauna" is said to be the only Finnish word found in the English dictionary. The sauna, now found worldwide especially in luxury hotels, is said to have originated in Finland and remains such an integral part of daily life that Finns often joke there are more saunas in the country than registered cars. We African journalists gladly accepted the invitation and participated in this refreshing and uniquely Finnish experience. When the heat inside the sauna becomes intense, especially when wrapped in leaves, those who can swim plunge into the cold natural lake just outside. Those who cannot swim cool off by simply dipping themselves in the water before returning to the sauna. It's a unique and invigorating contrast- truly a different kind of experience.   Diplomatic Connections and Unexpected Discoveries The main coordinator of our visit was Anna Lamila, a diplomat with 35 years of experience who has represented Finland in several countries and currently serves as Ambassador-at-Large for Strategic Communications at the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She is a wonderful communicator who looks like a 35-year-old woman despite her 35 years of work experience. One day, she affectionately called me by my grandfather's name, Mekonnen. "Did you know your name is Finnish?" she asked with a smile. "Are you related to us?" I replied, "I am definitely Ethiopian." Interestingly, I learned that the idea of exchanging short text messages - now a universal habit was first introduced by a Finnish engineer named Matti Makkonen. So I discovered that the popular name Mekonnen is also common in Finland, despite our geographical distance. Technology and Innovation When it comes to Finnish technology, most people immediately think of Nokia, the pioneering company that was among the first to introduce the mobile phone concept to the world. Nokia remains a major player in the global telecom industry, now heavily involved in advanced network development. However, Finland is the source of several major tech companies beyond Nokia. I was especially impressed by the country's technological advancement when I visited YLE, the National Media Institute, and witnessed an unmanned robotic studio system capable of recording and broadcasting news without human assistance. This was a clear demonstration of how Finland embraces innovation to modernize its media and communication sectors. Diplomatic Relations and Educational Excellence Ethiopia and Finland share a long-standing bilateral relationship spanning 66 years. This partnership extends beyond aid and development cooperation into various sectors, including education, technology, and trade. During my visit, I had the opportunity to meet Finland's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Elina Valtonen, who expressed further, strengthen and expand this relationship. Also it is important particularly through enhanced technology and knowledge transfer via partnerships with companies like Nokia. Finland is globally recognized for its high-quality education system. The country boasts more than 800 libraries, with around 40 located in the capital, Helsinki. One standout is the Oodi Central Library, located opposite the Finnish Parliament. Oodi transcends being merely a place to read - it's a cultural hub that promotes equality and creativity, offering a wide range of services and spaces for everyone, from children to adults, including areas for reading, workshops, digital media, and community events.   A Society Built on Trust Another unique aspect of Finnish society that I particularly admire is its strong culture of tax compliance. Finland's tax administration proudly states that citizens pay their taxes willingly and on time. Tax evasion and complaints are rare, with both individuals and corporations fulfilling their tax obligations faithfully, reflecting the high level of public trust in government institutions. The heads of institutions I visited emphasized that Finland's systems and services were built by listening to and addressing citizens' needs. Public trust in government is exceptionally high, and Finnish academics affirm through their research that citizen happiness is closely linked to peace, freedom, and good governance. This happiness is often attributed to Finland's strong social safety net and high level of social organization. Key contributing factors include free and high-quality education, environmental protection, a fair justice system, gender equality, comprehensive welfare, and excellent maternal and childcare services. Gender Equality in Action Women play significant roles in all sectors of Finnish society, thanks to the country's strong commitment to gender equality. During my visit to the Finnish Parliament, I learned that political representation is highly inclusive. Out of 200 parliament members, 91 are women - a testament to Finland's progress in gender parity. All these elements combined have helped Finland rank number one on the United Nations' World Happiness Report for eight consecutive years. Many citizens believe the country is well on its way to being named the happiest country in the world for a ninth consecutive time. A Bittersweet Farewell Before I realized it, I had spent a week visiting Finland, and the time came to return to Addis Ababa. While seated in the airplane watching it take off, I already missed Finland. I will certainly look forward to visiting again next time, hopefully exploring places I didn't cover during this remarkable journey.

by Bereket Sisay Addis Ababa, June 22, 2025 (ENA) -- At this stage of human development, it is disheartening to see the world mired in uncertainty and disputes once again. Disagreements inevitably arise from different ideas and thoughts. However, violent clashes resulting from these differences are something we should avoid at all costs. Through institutional intervention, we should transcend the violent experiences in different parts of the world. This phenomenon is gaining traction and disrupting the lives of millions of people worldwide. Additionally, international commercial disputes related to tariffs and foreign investors threaten human advancement because they stifle collaboration. These events call on the international community to proactively address the root causes of conflicts before they spiral out of control. In response to this urgent need, the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed) was established in Hong Kong on May 30, 2025. The organization aims to solve state-to-state, investor-state, and international commercial disputes based on mutual consent. Ethiopia is one of the founding members of this large international organization, which aims to complement existing international dispute settlement mechanisms. This aligns with the nation’s history of significant contributions to international collaboration and multilateralism. Ethiopia ardently supports international peace and security, as evidenced by its contributions to global peace initiatives. Therefore, Ethiopia's decision to join the International Organization for Mediation is an extension of its commitment to peace. Sharing this sentiment, Gedion Timothewos, the Ethiopian foreign minister, wrote the following on social media: "“Committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes & cognizant of the need for a fair & efficient public & investment dispute resolution mechanism attuned to the needs of developing countries, Ethiopia welcomes the establishment of the International Mediation Organization” As the foreign minister indicated, this move underscores Ethiopia’s dedication to fostering dialogue, mutual respect, and cooperative solutions to international disputes. This approach aligns with Ethiopia’s broader foreign policy of promoting peace and stability in the Horn of Africa and beyond. Ethiopia's commitment to resolving conflicts through mediation reflects its adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter, particularly Article 33, which emphasizes mediation as a primary means of peacefully resolving international disputes. Ethiopia has consistently advocated for the peaceful resolution of major conflicts worldwide through internationally recognized dispute resolution mechanisms. Ethiopia has a longstanding history of successfully mediating conflicts in the Horn of Africa and beyond. Ethiopia’s commitment to peace is evident in its pragmatic actions to prevent conflict and war, rather than mere rhetoric. Ethiopia is well known for being a peaceful country that chooses to live in peace with all its neighbors, even when provoked. Ethiopia has consistently chosen mediation and peaceful means over confrontation to resolve disagreements with neighboring nations of any kind. This has been especially evident in recent years despite major provocations; Ethiopia has remained committed to its principled stance on peace. In sum, Ethiopia’s commitment to peace is a building block for social and economic development. Conversely, Ethiopia’s participation in the IOMed demonstrates its acknowledgment of the necessity of a fair and effective dispute resolution system designed for developing countries. Like many other developing nations, Ethiopia is skeptical of some international institutions' ability to address the needs of these countries. Consequently, Ethiopia has advocated for reforms that would align these institutions more closely with the needs of countries in the Global South. However, these challenges remain unresolved. Therefore, institutions like the IOMed, which will fill these gaps and complement existing institutions, align with Ethiopia's strategy of creating better international institutions through a different approach. Beyond the immediate impact of further solidifying the nation’s significant contributions, Ethiopia’s incorporation into these global institutions is a bold diplomatic gesture. This move will undoubtedly put Ethiopia in the global spotlight once again, showcasing its positive contributions to mediation efforts and thereby helping to maintain peace. Additionally, as the host of the African Union and a key player in regional organizations such as IGAD, Ethiopia’s participation in the IOMed will further solidify its status as a diplomatic hub. Furthermore, Ethiopia's engagement with the IOMed will strengthen Africa's role in global diplomacy. As a staunch supporter of African causes and Pan-Africanism, Ethiopia's involvement in the IOMed will enhance Africa’s capacity to influence global mediation norms and promote a more harmonious international order. On the other hand, by promoting peaceful and efficient ways to resolve business disputes among different stakeholders, these organizations will strengthen the flow of investments between countries. As Ethiopia is part of the international value chain, a conducive business environment for stakeholders will benefit the nation. The same is true for other forms of disputes. Approaching and solving outstanding issues will benefit Ethiopia in various ways. Overall, Ethiopia’s decision to join other nations in establishing the International Organization for Mediation is not merely symbolic; it has many benefits for Ethiopia, Africa, and the world.

Addis Abbaba, June, 22, 2025 (ENA) -- Ethiopia is in the midst of a historic economic transformation—shaped by bold policy choices, strategic investments, and a firm commitment to sustainable, inclusive growth. Since the launch of its Homegrown Economic Reform Program in 2019, the government has charted a new course aimed at stabilizing the economy, reducing inflation, and unlocking long-term development potential. For years, Ethiopia grappled with high inflation, chronic foreign exchange shortages, and rising public debt. Recognizing the urgent need for change, the government embarked on one of Africa’s most ambitious Macroeconomic Reform Agendas. Key pillars of this transformation include overhauling monetary policy, liberalizing the foreign exchange regime, enforcing fiscal discipline, restructuring external debt, and deepening financial markets. In a landmark shift in 2024, Ethiopia liberalized its foreign exchange system for the first time in five decades. This bold move replaced the fixed-rate regime with a market-based exchange rate and ended direct central bank financing of government deficits. Simultaneously, the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) adopted interest rate-based monetary policy, launched open market operations, and revised the Central Bank Act to enshrine price stability as a primary mandate. At the 2025 IMF–World Bank Spring Meetings, Governor of National Bank of Ethiopia, Mamo Mihretu highlighted that these reforms are designed to “correct structural distortions, reduce inflation, address foreign exchange bottlenecks, and support high, sustainable growth.” Early results are already visible: inflation has fallen from 30% to 13%, and Ethiopia’s foreign currency reserves have tripled. By the 2025/26 fiscal year, inflation is projected to drop further to around 10%. To support its reform momentum, Ethiopia secured a $3.4 billion Extended Credit Facility from the International Monetary Fund in July 2024. This deal has not only unlocked debt restructuring opportunities but also signaled strong global confidence in Ethiopia’s economic direction. Development partners and investors alike now view Ethiopia as a credible and increasingly stable investment destination. Another key milestone came with the launch of Ethiopia’s first-ever stock market, the Ethiopian Securities Exchange (ESX), in January 2025. Alongside this, private investment banking licenses were issued to institutions such as CBE Capital and Wegagen Capital, laying the foundation for robust financial sector development and deeper capital markets. Complementing macroeconomic reform is a substantial public investment drive, with nearly 10% of GDP allocated annually to infrastructure. Major flagship projects include the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is positioning Ethiopia as a regional clean energy exporter; the Addis–Djibouti electric railway, which cut freight time from three days to ten hours; and the expansion of 145,000 kilometers of road networks, enhancing logistics and market access. At the heart of Ethiopia’s structural transformation is a revolution in agricultural productivity, particularly in wheat production. Once a wheat-importing nation, Ethiopia is now the largest producer in Africa, harvesting a record 23 million tonnes in the 2023/24 season. Innovations like cluster farming, irrigation, mechanization, and the use of climate-resilient seeds have enabled not only self-sufficiency but also the start of wheat exports. This success was globally recognized in January 2024, when FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu awarded Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed the Agricola Medal, the FAO’s highest honor. The award cited Ethiopia’s “Wheat for Food Self-Sufficiency Programme” and the Green Legacy Initiative, a nationwide reforestation campaign that aligns food security with environmental sustainability. FAO hailed Ethiopia’s progress as a historic revolution in agrifood systems. Yet, the reform journey has not been without challenges. The transition period has brought short-term price hikes, affecting household budgets. In response, the government rolled out a comprehensive social protection plan—including targeted subsidies for essentials like fuel and food, and public works programs designed to create jobs in infrastructure and agriculture. These interventions aim to ensure that no one is left behind in the transition, and that the gains of reform are broadly shared across society. Ethiopia is also investing heavily in industrialization. Modern industrial parks, like Hawassa Industrial Park, are generating tens of thousands of jobs in textiles, leather, and agro-processing—particularly benefiting women and youth. With projected GDP growth of 8.4% in 2024/25, Ethiopia is emerging from macroeconomic distress with renewed vigor. Institutions like the IMF, World Bank, FAO, and European Union have praised Ethiopia’s reform program for being indigenous, data-driven, and homegrown—not externally imposed. The IMF particularly has lauded the economic reforms undertaken by Ethiopia. These reforms, which encompass the liberalization of the foreign exchange market and the transition to an interest-rate based monetary policy, are regarded as essential for achieving macroeconomic stability and drawing in investment. Furthermore, the IMF has acknowledged Ethiopia's advancements in reestablishing macroeconomic stability, curbing inflation, and enhancing fiscal discipline. Ethiopia has solidified its position as the largest economy in East Africa and the third-largest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia’s economic reform program is more than a technical fix—it is a national vision of rebirth. A vision built on self-reliance, economic sovereignty, and inclusive prosperity. With continued political will, expanding global support, and the resilience of its people, Ethiopia is positioning itself as a rising economic force on the African continent—a nation transforming its challenges into enduring opportunity, and charting a bold, homegrown path to a brighter future.

Addis Ababa, June 10, 2025 (ENA) --- In a continent often portrayed as perpetually reliant on aid, Ethiopia is rewriting the script. The East African nation is now spearheading its own path to agricultural productivity and food sovereignty. Over the past six years, the Ethiopian government has embarked on bold policies to enhance agricultural productivity and achieve food security. The endeavors are truly laying a foundation to ensure long-term self-reliance. Most importantly, these reflect Ethiopia’s commitment to breaking free from dependency and fostering sustainable development. The success stories Ethiopia have been registering and its bold shift—moving away from reliance on external support—has drawn attention. Even the achievement in this cause is disproving skepticism and criticism of productivity and data. Over the course of the last seven years, the Ethiopian government has implemented a number of strategic programs with the dual goals of eradicating hunger and promoting economic growth. Wheat Revolution—From Imports to Self-Sufficiency Once a major wheat importer by spending nearly 1 billion US dollars annually, Ethiopia has now overtaken the status of the largest wheat-producing country in the Africa continent. The massive dry season wheat irrigation projects initiated by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has not only transformed the country’s food resilience but also became for the first time in history a net exporter. A significant chapter in history — when Ethiopia relied on importing millions of quintals of wheat annually to satisfy its citizens' fundamental bread needs, has now come to an end. To this effect, the country receiving recognition from international organizations such as the FAO for making wheat production a central pillar in its pursuit of food self-sufficiency. Through the expansion of irrigated farming, the use of improved seed varieties, and the adoption of modern farming techniques, the country has significantly increased its wheat yield and marketable surplus. The initiative increased Ethiopia’s annual wheat production to 231 million quintals. The country has now significantly enhanced its self-reliance in wheat production thanks to the national efforts being carried out. In addition to completely replacing the import of wheat, this program strengthens food and nutrition security and demonstrates Ethiopia's tenacity in tackling global agricultural challenges. In his recent wide-ranging televised interview, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed himself confirmed that Ethiopia has overtaken the status of the largest wheat-producing country in Africa, tripling Egypt’s output. This achievement, while met with some skepticism, stands as a testament to the nation’s strategic agricultural policies and commitment to economic development. Moreover, prominent global figures, including Bill Gates, the President of the African Development Bank, Akinwumi Adesina and others are praising Ethiopia's remarkable agricultural achievements, particularly its success in boosting wheat productivity. They highlighted it as a model for sustainable development in Africa. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed received the Agricola Medal from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2024. This decision, which was made in Rome, Italy, acknowledged his leadership, vision, and dedication to nutrition and food security, especially in his pursuit for wheat self-sufficiency. FAO’s decision was not only a gesture toward a nation’s efforts to realize food self-sufficiency, but it is absolutely a powerful international recognition of a leader who inspired his people to pursue food security through resilience and sustainable development. Ethiopia's success in wheat self-sufficiency serves as a model for the entire African continent. Numerous delegations have been traveling to the nation to learn important insights into enhancing wheat productivity, especially in light of the global food crises that are causing widespread concern among people worldwide. The Green Legacy Initiative: A Catalyst for Food Sovereignty in Ethiopia One of the key drivers of Ethiopia’s food sovereignty transformation endeavors is the Green Legacy Initiative, an ambitious environmental campaign launched by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in 2019. With a vision to plant billions of trees across the country, the initiative aims not only to combat deforestation and climate change but also to support sustainable agriculture and rural livelihoods. To date, Ethiopia has planted over 40 billion seedlings, many of which are fruit-bearing species such as avocado, mango, and papaya. This strategic focus on edible trees enhances food security, improves nutrition, and generates income for farming communities.   As part of the ongoing tree planting activities, Ethiopia’s forest cover had increased to 23.6 percent in 2023 from 17.2 percent in 2019. The initiative has also been inculcating the culture of tree planting among citizens while also creating jobs to the youth as it engages several activities including the preparation of samplings. Ethiopia's forest cover rose from 17.2 percent in 2019 to 23.6 percent in 2023 as a result of continuous tree planting efforts. Vast tracts of land are being restored through tree planting campaigns and community-based initiatives. This project is not just about restoring ecosystems; it is also about creating employment opportunities. Local communities are often directly involved in this initiative, receiving training and resources to manage nurseries, plant trees, and maintain newly established forests. The Green Legacy Initiative is therefore more than just a project. It is helping to revolutionize Ethiopia by turning its arid regions into breadbaskets and changing the narrative from one of fragility to one of self-sufficiency and resilience. All things considered, Ethiopia is transforming its grim past of being portrayed as a nation afflicted by drought and other calamities into one that is growing economically. "Bounty of the Basket" Another national successful initiative that is worth mentioning is "Bounty of the Basket" (Yelemat Tirufat), which aims to increase food production and guarantee food security at the household and national levels. Launched in 2022, The program's main goal is to increase the production of fish, dairy, eggs, chicken, and honey. It has made good strides, as evidenced by the considerable rise in production of these essential foods. When the program was launched, the number of animals bred in the country was around 500,000 annually. Today, the nation’s artificial insemination efforts have expanded significantly, reaching 3.8 million.   Significant progress has been made, as demonstrated by the substantial increase in the production of these vital foods. For instance milk productivity significantly increases over the past few years. When the program commenced, the annual number of animals bred in the country was approximately 500,000. Currently, the nation’s artificial insemination initiatives have grown considerably, achieving a total of 3.8 million. Notable improvements have also been observed in fish production, as fish farming has evolved into a sustainable business opportunity, with both farmers and urban residents establishing fish ponds and raising fingerlings. The output of milk, chicken, and honey has seen a significant rise, enhancing the family meal basket. Chicken meat production, which was at 70,000 tons, has surged to 208,000 tons by 2024, while milk production has escalated from 7.2 billion to 10 billion liters in the same timeframe. Additionally, honey production has jumped from 128,000 tons to 272,000 tons. This initiative has not only enhanced productivity but has also enabled the government to more effectively identify available resources and address major distribution issues. Notable improvements have also been observed in fish production, as fish farming has evolved into a sustainable business opportunity, with both farmers and urban residents establishing fish ponds and raising fingerlings. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia is actively advancing not only its own food self-sufficiency but also contributing to the continent’s broader aspiration for self-reliance. By strengthening resilience, reducing dependency, and laying the groundwork for sustainable growth, Ethiopia is emerging as a model for agricultural transformation in Africa. This plainly proves ensuring food self-sufficiency stands as a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s national strategy, carrying significant implications that extend beyond its own borders. By bolstering domestic food production, Ethiopia not only safeguards itself from global supply chain disruptions but also sets a powerful example of how African nations can pursue and achieve agricultural independence. Most importantly, by prioritizing sustainable farming and innovative solutions, Ethiopia is also showing that Africa has the capacity to feed itself and has the capacity to ensure a prosperous, food-secure future for generations to come. Ethiopia has made remarkable strides in improving its capacity to address emergencies caused by both natural and man-made disasters. In this regard, the nation's strategic food reserve has been growing, allowing it to effectively meet the needs of millions during emergencies. Additionally, the country is pursuing an ambitious strategic policy aimed at reducing aid dependency by strengthening its internal capabilities for humanitarian interventions. Ethiopia is striving to achieve not just food security, but also food sovereignty, recognizing that without food sovereignty, genuine sovereignty cannot exist. This is particularly important in the current global geopolitical and economic landscape, where power struggles often utilize food as a weapon, subjugating nations in the process.

By Yimer Ayele Eritrea has been known for its infamous belligerent behaviors in the Horn of Africa. The repressive regime in Asmara has been characterized as a state destabilizing agent of the region. As a destabilizing agent of the Horn of Africa, Isaias Afweorki hatched conspiracies in neighboring countries to exacerbate regional instability. The state in Asmara is a terrorist sponsored bent on inciting regional destabilization and instability. During the 34th Independence Day of Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki boasted as if he is a global player. Internally, Eritrea remains one of the world’s most repressive states. It has no functioning legislature, no free press, no civil society, and no independent judiciary. Since its independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea has held no elections. He shamelessly laid the horn’s myriad of troubles at the feet of foreign powers, obscuring plot in fomenting regional instability. Eritrea has played destructive role in undermining the peace and stability of the horn region. Its interventions to instigate violence by sending insurgents, incursions, covert operations, or support for non-state armed groups, have repeatedly destabilized neighboring countries. These actions go beyond diplomatic norms. Hence, his speech was not an earnest call for peace; rather it was a calculated effort to shield his authoritarian regime from accountability. It glossed over Eritrea’s long-standing record of aggression and repression, opting instead for rhetorical misdirection. Eritrea’s role in regional instability is well documented. It supports terrorist operatives such as Somali insurgents including factions linked to Al-Shabaab to undermine regional security. It also provides support and ammunitions to various armed groups in Ethiopia bent on destabilizing the country. Issayas has never contributed regional peace and stability. He never sought mutual respect and development based on shared interests. For decades, Eritrea has never made any attempt to meet the socioeconomic and development aspirations of the Eritrean people. Eritrea opposed to regional cooperation on economic development. It only join forces who destabilize the region. Consider Ethiopia’s contributions to regional integration through roads, railways, power connectivity and other infrastructure, including the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Issayas lambasted Ethiopia’s flagship project, GERD. The implication is obvious. So is the same about Ethiopia’s access to the sea peacefully and based on shared interest! Ethiopia is a growing economy in the region with over 120 million people. Eritrea’s rejection of regional cooperation mechanisms like the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) reinforces its isolation. While most African states pursue integration through frameworks like the African Continental Free Trade Area, Eritrea clings to outdated doctrines of self-reliance and military sovereignty. Yet the Horn of Africa faces transnational challenges, climate change, underdevelopment, migration, and extremism that demand trust, cooperation, and open governance. Its authoritarian domestic policies mirror its disruptive foreign posture. Without meaningful political reform and sincere engagement with regional partners, Eritrea continues to destabilize the region. Issayas’s latest speech, rather than offering clarity or solutions, underscores a strategy of deflection and denial. By misrepresenting regional dynamics and shirking accountability, he perpetuates the very instability he claims to oppose. Eritrea has continued to remain an obstacle to peace or become an agent for destabilization. Overall, the Horn of Africa remains stuck in a cycle of violence and instability largely due to deep due to warmonger states. While outside actors have long been involved, actors like Eritrea's President Isaias Afwerki are deliberately complicit in the process by virtue of their own self-interest narratives and destabilizing actions. The president’s recent speech, instead of bringing forth concrete solutions, is an example of a model deflection-and-denial strategy concealing Eritrea's central role in regional instability.

Addis Ababa, June 1, 2025 (ENA) -- Africa Day, observed every May 25th, marks the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in 1963, a historic milestone that embodied the collective dreams of African nations for unity, independence, and advancement. This annual celebration serves as both a tribute to the continent’s enduring struggles and a testament to its remarkable achievements, from dismantling colonial rule to pursuing sustainable growth. In 2025, the African Union (AU), which succeeded the OAU, has embraced the theme "Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations," signalling a powerful commitment to confronting historical wrongs and fostering a future rooted in equity. The OAU emerged at a time when Africa was shaking off the shackles of colonial domination, driven by a mission to unite its diverse nations, eradicate imperialism, and promote socio-economic progress. It became a vital force in the liberation of African states, offering unwavering support to independence movements through funding, diplomacy, and moral encouragement. Countries like Angola, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe owe much of their freedom to the OAU’s persistent efforts. Beyond this, the organization played a pivotal role in the international struggle against apartheid in South Africa, rallying African voices to impose sanctions and isolate the oppressive regime until its collapse. Yet, the OAU’s successes were tempered by inherent constraints, most notably its rigid commitment to non-interference in the domestic affairs of member states. Designed to safeguard sovereignty, this stance often paralyzed the OAU when confronted with internal crises. During the Congo Crisis of the 1960s and the Nigerian Civil War later that decade, its hands-off approach allowed turmoil to spiral, costing countless lives and exposing the need for a more assertive framework to tackle conflict and uphold human rights across the continent. In response to these shortcomings, African leaders launched the African Union in 2002, heralding a bold evolution from the OAU’s foundational vision. The AU was crafted to transcend its predecessor’s limitations, embracing a broader mandate that intertwined political cohesion with economic integration, peacebuilding, and democratic governance. Central to its ambitions is Agenda 2063, a visionary blueprint spanning 50 years to transform Africa into a prosperous, inclusive, and sustainable powerhouse. This initiative champions youth empowerment, gender equity, and the strategic use of Africa’s vast resources to fuel progress. Complementing this is the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), a groundbreaking endeavor to unify markets, enhance intra-African trade, and bolster economic resilience. While these strides signal immense potential, the AU grapples with formidable hurdles. Political unrest in regions like the Sahel and the Horn of Africa, stark economic divides among nations, and a dependence on foreign funding often erode its independence and authority. Moreover, inconsistent dedication from member states, some prioritizing national agendas over collective goals, weakens the AU’s capacity to enforce its policies effectively. The 2025 Africa Day theme, "Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations," casts a spotlight on a pressing and profound mission to rectify the lingering wounds of history. Reparations, as envisioned here, extend beyond mere financial redress to encompass a holistic pursuit of justice for the atrocities of slavery, colonialism, and apartheid—evils that have scarred African societies and economies for generations. This broader vision includes restoring looted cultural treasures, reforming systemic inequities, and dismantling neo-colonial frameworks that perpetuate disparity. The AU has taken a leading role in this crusade, building on efforts like the 2023 Accra Proclamation, which charts a course for reparations through diplomacy, legal action, and global advocacy at platforms like the United Nations. The push for reparations carries transformative weight, offering not just reconciliation but a chance to dismantle structural barriers that stifle Africa’s growth. Yet, the journey is fraught with resistance from former colonial powers, debates over fair compensation, and the challenge of ensuring benefits reach all affected communities. Even so, this agenda promises to heal old wounds and forge a unified, purposeful African identity. Looking ahead, Africa stands at a crossroads where its past resilience, embodied in the OAU and AU, must inform a forward-thinking strategy for progress. The continent’s future hinges on an unwavering dedication to unity and collaboration, both within its borders and in dialogue with the world. Economic integration, exemplified by the AfCFTA, holds the key to unlocking Africa’s latent potential, reducing reliance on external powers, and fostering self-sufficiency. Simultaneously, tackling the drivers of conflict, bolstering education and healthcare, and advancing sustainable development are indispensable for crafting a peaceful and thriving Africa. The reparations focus of 2025 reinforces justice as a bedrock for advancement, underscoring that genuine prosperity demands reckoning with historical injustices. Beyond these imperatives, Africa’s youthful population—over 60% of whom are under 25—represents a dynamic force for transformation. This demographic edge, if nurtured through education, skill-building, and employment opportunities, can propel innovation, entrepreneurship, and societal renewal. Harnessing this energy ensures that growth benefits all, laying a foundation for inclusivity. Equally urgent is the response to climate change, a threat that disproportionately burdens Africa despite its minimal contribution to global emissions. Embracing green technologies, sustainable farming, and robust infrastructure is not just a necessity but an opportunity for Africa to emerge as a leader in global sustainability. By weaving these priorities into its fabric, the continent can surmount present obstacles and redefine its place on the world stage. Africa’s journey, as celebrated on Africa Day, is a tapestry of resilience, ambition, and hope. The OAU laid the groundwork by championing liberation and solidarity, while the AU has elevated those ideals into a modern quest for integration and justice. The reparations movement of 2025 amplifies this legacy, urging a confrontation with the past to build a fairer future. As Africa strides forward, its success will rest on its ability to unite its people, harness its youth, and steward its resources wisely. In this spirit, the continent can transcend its challenges, not merely as a participant in global affairs but as a beacon of progress, equity, and promise for generations to come.

Addis Ababa, May 30, 2025 (POA)— Former Mauritanian Finance Minister Sidi Ould Tah has been elected president of the African Development Bank (AfDB), beating four other candidates after three rounds of voting. He becomes the 9th president of the pan-African institution for the next five years. Sidi Ould Tah, a distinguished Mauritanian economist and a veteran in the realm of development finance, has been elected as the ninth President of the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group. He is set to officially take office on September 1, 2025, embarking on a five-year term and following in the footsteps of Akinwumi Adesina. Born on December 31, 1964, in the vibrant town of Mederdra, Mauritania, Ould Tah comes equipped with over 35 years of diverse experience in both African and international finance. His impressive academic credentials feature a Ph.D. in Economics from the renowned University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, as well as a Diplôme d'Études Approfondies (DEA) in Economics from the esteemed University of Paris VII. His commitment to excellence is further evidenced by his participation in high-level executive programs at prestigious institutions such as the Harvard Institute for International Development, London Business School, and Swiss Finance Institute. Prior to his election as AfDB President, Ould Tah served as the transformative leader of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) from 2015 until April 2025. During his decade-long tenure, he propelled BADEA into a period of remarkable growth, effectively quadrupling its balance sheet and securing an impressive AAA credit rating. Under his stewardship, the bank solidified its position as a premier development institution committed to addressing Africa’s needs. He was instrumental in championing innovative financial mechanisms, including cutting-edge climate finance instruments and the strategic use of blended capital models to draw in private investment. Ould Tah’s illustrious career is also deeply rooted in his native Mauritania, where he held significant positions such as Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance from 2008 to 2015, and Minister of Agriculture. Furthermore, he served as a key advisor to both the President and the Prime Minister of Mauritania from 2006 to 2008, demonstrating his influence in shaping national economic strategies. His extensive experience extends to various multilateral institutions, including a notable role at the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB), where he engaged in promoting investments and providing technical assistance at the presidential level. He began his professional journey in 1984 at the Mauritanian Bank for Development and Commerce (BMDC), marking the start of a prolific career dedicated to economic development. It is anticipated that his visionary leadership will be crucial in guiding the institution towards greater African economic integration, financial sustainability, and enhanced global competitiveness, with an emphasis on reinforcing African resilience and fostering innovative thinking.