By Molla Mitiku On September 14, 2025, a monumental celebration in the heart of Addis Ababa marked the conclusion of a journey spanning more than a decade, the completion of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). At Meskel Square, a vast sea of people, united by pride, sacrifice, and collective determination, celebrated the fulfillment of a national dream. More than a rally, the event was a statement of sovereignty and self-reliance. Citizens honored their shared sacrifices, which had transformed a formidable challenge into a symbol of Ethiopia’s rebirth. Ethiopians believe that the GERD is much more than an engineering triumph; rather, it represents a new philosophy of African development, one that rejects dependency and insists on self-reliance. Unlike traditional projects that often leave African nations burdened by debt and beholden to external influence, Ethiopia looked out of the box and chose a different path, financing it entirely with domestic resources, a bold decision that challenged the conventional wisdom of development financing on the continent. When international financial institutions refused to support the project, Ethiopia stood boldly in taking on the challenge alone. All ordinary citizens stepped forward, contributing through bond purchases and contributions. The result was an unprecedented sense of ownership. For millions of Ethiopians, the GERD ceased to be just an infrastructure project; it became a living testament to their collective will and a rejection of the idea that progress must hinge on foreign approval. At Meskel Square, that spirit was palpable. Elders, teachers, students, and civil servants filled the plaza, their chants echoing: “The Abay River said ‘Yes’ to its motherland!” and “GERD is our destiny!” These cries captured the essence of a triumph built on shared sacrifice. The dam now stands not merely as a physical structure but as an enduring monument to the resilience of the Ethiopian people. For more than a decade, the GERD has been more than a titanic infrastructure undertaking. It has been a clarion call to unity, an inspiration of resolve, and a bold affirmation of Ethiopia’s sovereign right to shape its own future. Addressing the jubilant crowd, Addis Ababa Mayor Adanech Abiebie described the dam as “not only an engineering masterpiece but also a pillar of national unity and a lasting symbol of Ethiopia’s resolve.” The story of the GERD is unique on the African continent. Unlike most mega-projects, it was not financed by international donors or development banks. Instead, it was carried by ordinary Ethiopians, farmers, teachers, day laborers, school children, and diaspora communities, who together shouldered the financial burden. The billions of dollars raised domestically turned the GERD into a truly national project, built by the people, for the people. That sense of ownership was clear in the voices of those who attended the rally. Tizita Shiferaw, who bought bonds to support construction, pledged to continue contributing to future national projects, urging Ethiopian youth to draw inspiration from GERD’s example of hard work and perseverance. Likewise, Elisabeth Tessema stressed the collective spirit of the initiative, affirming that citizens stand ready to rally behind other transformative endeavors. The road to this moment was far from easy. Ethiopia faced sustained pressure, blocked loans, and threats of sanctions, driven largely by opposition from downstream countries. Yet, instead of capitulating, Ethiopia looked inward. By trusting its own people rather than external benefactors, the nation redrew the rulebook for African development and proved that determination could overcome even the steepest obstacles. Therefore, the GERD’s completion is more than a national milestone; it is a continental lesson. Ethiopia has shown that when a nation unites behind a common vision, it can chart its own destiny, free from dependency and external dictates. As a result, the dam secures the country’s energy future. It also brought to Africa a deeper legacy that lies in the development model it has inspired, a blueprint rooted in unity, resilience, and self-reliance. In the words of a popular saying echoed that goes like “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Ethiopia not only built a dam; it built a vision of African progress that begins at home, fueled by the strength of its own people.

By Awad Abdusebur When you think of the Blue Nile, which is also known as the Abbay River, picture it as the lifeblood of Ethiopia's highlands. This mighty waterway is one of the most important rivers in all of Africa. The Nile itself, which the Blue Nile feeds into, is a massive river system that flows from both the Ethiopian highlands and the Nile Equatorial Lake region. The Nile's drainage basin is truly enormous, covering an incredible 3.18 million square kilometers. That's about 10% of Africa's entire landmass. The basin is a shared resource for 11 countries: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Together, these countries are home to over 556 million people—that's about 42% of Africa's total population. For centuries, the river's waters have sustained civilizations, but the historical context of its management, particularly the legacy of colonial agreements, continues to shape the present-day water security challenges. The colonial era significantly impacted the Nile River's management, leaving a legacy that continues to influence water resource governance in the region. The 1929 and 1959 agreements, primarily between Egypt and Sudan, and brokered by the British, were crafted with the interests of the colonial powers in mind. These agreements allocated a disproportionate share of the Nile's water to Egypt and Sudan, effectively marginalizing the needs and aspirations of upstream riparian countries notably Ethiopia. These agreements established Egypt's right to a significant portion of the Nile's water flow, essentially granting it veto power over any upstream water development projects. This unilateral approach to water management, rooted in the colonial context, created a significant power imbalance. While acknowledging the historical context is crucial, the fundamental principle of equitable sharing of a shared resource, particularly for the upstream countries that bear the brunt of the river's flow, remains a significant issue. Ethiopia as a major source of this river has been strived to bring equitable utilization of the Nile water. A Paradigm Shift in Water Resource Management Ethiopia's claim to the Nile is rooted in its long history of utilizing the river for its development and sustenance. For centuries, Ethiopian communities have not been able to utilize their resources due to the unjust colonial era contested agreements. This historical precedent forms a crucial part of Ethiopia's argument for its right to develop its water resources. These agreements often fail to adequately address the needs of upstream countries like Ethiopia, who argue that their developmental needs must be balanced with the downstream countries' interests. Ethiopia's argument rests on the principle of equitable utilization of shared water resources. It asserts that its development needs, including poverty alleviation and economic growth, are as important as the needs of downstream countries. This principle, enshrined in international water law, contends that the use of shared water resources should not harm other riparian states. Ethiopia emphasizes its right to develop its own resources without creating harm to downstream users. Ethiopia's growing economy, coupled with its ambitious development agenda, has positioned it as a key player in the Nile Basin. While the other riparian nations have also been contemplating about the issue of equitable use of shared water resources, Ethiopia persists in highlighting the necessity for a just resolution that takes into account the interests of all parties involved in the Nile basin, focusing on cooperation and mutual understanding to achieve this position. This collective viewpoint led to the establishment of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). Birth of the Nile Basin Initiative The Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) is a partnership of ten member countries that was formed on February 22, 1999. Its purpose is to create a transitional regional framework for collaborative efforts aimed at achieving a Shared Vision Objective: to promote sustainable socioeconomic development through the fair use and benefits derived from the shared water resources of the Nile Basin. The NBI was designed as a temporary cooperative structure to encourage collaboration until a permanent legal and institutional system for the management and development of the Nile's water resources is established. The member nations of the NBI include Burundi, the D.R. Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Additionally, Eritrea participates as an Observer in the NBI. The initiative recognized the interconnectedness of the Nile's resources and the importance of a unified approach to their management. Central to the NBI's success was the inclusion of all riparian states, recognizing the need for equitable participation and representation. Agreement on the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework Driven by Nile countries themselves, the establishment of the Initiative marked the first time a truly comprehensive mechanism of cooperation had been agreed among riparian countries. The NBI was launched as a ‘transitional’ arrangement up until a final Framework for Cooperation is put in place’, i.e. the Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) that would provide a permanent legal and institutional basis for Nile cooperation. CFA is a treaty aimed at fostering collaboration and fair distribution of the Nile River's water resources among all the countries bordering the river, as outlined by the Nile Basin Initiative. It outlines principles, rights and obligations for cooperative management and development of the Nile Basin water resources. Its goal is to create a structure for comprehensive management, sustainable development, and balanced use of the Nile Basin's water resources, while also highlighting the importance of their conservation and protection. Countries began the process of preparing the text of the CFA in 1997. After ten years of discussions, consensus was achieved on all clauses. A total of six instruments of ratification or accession are required for the CFA to come into effect, and these have been obtained. From 2013 to 2023, five nations (Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) ratified the CFA and submitted their instruments. After almost 15 years, CFA came into force on October 13, 2024 following South Sudan's ratification on July 8, 2024. The ratification of CFA among the countries in the basin brings a multitude of advantages, primarily centered on fair water distribution, sustainable growth, and regional collaboration. These advantages encompass a legal structure for managing water resources, a forum for dialogue and resolving disputes, as well as prospects for economic and investment expansion within the basin. Entering into force of the CFA is a milestone for the Nile Basin countries towards mutual cooperation by establishing a commission to expedite the development of the resources across the region. Nile River Basin Commission The Nile River Basin Commission (NRBC) is a permanent institutional mechanism that will be established by the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) to promote the management and development of the Nile River Basin. The NRBC aims to foster cooperation among the ten Nile Basin countries, ensuring equitable distribution of water resources and addressing challenges like population growth and climate change. The CFA will take effect 60 days after the sixth instrument of ratification or accession is deposited with the African Union Commission, which will trigger the activation of the Nile River Basin Commission. It is the duty of the Nile Council of Water Ministers to establish all necessary organs and procedures for the Nile River Basin Commission as outlined in the CFA. Harnessing Hydropower: Opportunities for Energy Security and Economic Growth While Ethiopia is advocating for fairness in the distribution of shared resources, it is simultaneously carried out the development of its significant historical project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), along the Nile River. The GERD project has now been successfully completed, sending an important message to other African nations. Its unique nature lies in the fact that it was constructed using local resources and by engaging the general public. Without the support of the Ethiopian people and government, this vital infrastructure would not have come to fruition, as external funding was lacking. Ethiopia financed the construction of GERD independently, challenging the injustices perpetuated by international financial institutions that seek to uphold a colonial legacy concerning the river. This is key lesson for the rest of Africans who are suffering from the bottlenecks of financial institutions that hamper their development efforts. GERD is not only Ethiopia’s project. It is a Pan African project to support the realization of an integrated continent that is prosperous and power house of the world. The GERD project has significant economic implications for the entire region. Ethiopia's ability to generate and export hydroelectric power could stimulate economic growth and development, potentially impacting regional trade and investment. The GERD's potential to contribute to regional energy security is undeniable. Ethiopia's surplus electricity generation could be shared with neighboring countries, potentially providing a new source of power for the region. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam represents a significant undertaking with the potential to reshape the economic landscape of the region. While the project holds immense promise for Ethiopia's development, its successful implementation hinges on effective regional cooperation, equitable water resource management, and a commitment to addressing the concerns of downstream countries. Need for Paradigm Shift Things have changed dramatically. Ethiopia has completed the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) using its own resources, but this dam isn't just for Ethiopia. It's a significant tool for development across the entire region. The energy generated from the GERD will be a major driver of growth for the whole region. Beyond providing power, the dam also offers benefits for downstream countries by preventing silt buildup and reducing water waste without impacting the flow of water. Hence, perpetuating the colonial-era agreements on the Nile River is no longer a viable or just path forward. These old pacts were created by colonial powers and gave an unfair advantage to downstream countries like Egypt and Sudan, completely ignoring the needs of upstream nations, especially Ethiopia. This outdated way of thinking creates a "winner-takes-all" mindset that only fuels tension and makes it impossible to manage this shared resource in a fair, sustainable way. By holding on to these old agreements, Egypt and Sudan are not only isolating themselves but also threatening the stability of the entire Nile Basin. Instead of clinging to a flawed legacy, Egypt and Sudan should come to the table and negotiate with other nations in good faith. We need a new approach based on the principles of equitable utilization and the right to shared resources. This is the only way to ensure the long-term security and prosperity of everyone in the basin. A cooperative strategy would open the door for projects that benefit everyone, like shared infrastructure and better water management. Ultimately, working together is the only way to turn the Nile from a source of conflict into a force for regional cooperation and sustainable development. It's time to finally put an end to the colonial-era rules that have dominated the Nile River dispute for far too long. Let me conclude with the call made by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed during the inauguration of GERD last Tuesday: “To our brothers in the downstream nations, to our brothers in Nubia, and our brothers in the land of Misir, Ethiopia constructed the Renaissance Dam to foster prosperity, illuminate the region, and transform the history of the Black people—not to inflict harm upon its brothers. To our brothers who have reservations, I wish to reiterate today, before the Ethiopian people, that Ethiopia will always uphold your rights. The hunger of Egypt, the hunger of Sudan, and the hunger and problems of our other brothers are also our hunger. Apart from eating and sharing together, we have no desire to benefit ourselves by harming anyone else. The past is in the past. I urge you, with a sense of trust, to stand with us in collaboration on the great works we will undertake in the future.”

By Bilen Bekele Under the bright sun of East Africa, where the historic Nile flows, Ethiopia is emerging with pride and determination. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), located on the Blue Nile, represents more than just its physical structure; it embodies our collective spirit, the essence of our sacrifices, and our national pride. For many years, Ethiopia witnessed the Nile's waters flowing away without benefiting its own citizens. Despite contributing over 85% of the Nile’s water, we remained quiet observers in history. Now, with GERD, we assert ourselves not through anger, but through justice and confidence. We have found our voice, resonating through the valleys of Benishangul-Gumuz with the sound of turbines and the promise of progress. This dam signifies a renaissance—a revival of our historical strength and a message to the world that Ethiopia is ready to shape its future independently. Recently, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed addressed the House of People’s Representatives, highlighted that GERD is not solely for Ethiopians; it is a project founded on regional cooperation and a vision for a shared African future. He emphasized, “GERD will serve as a source of energy not only for Ethiopia but also for neighboring countries and beyond.” This reflects a new image of Ethiopia—not just as the Nile’s source, but as a provider of power, peace, and partnership. Ethiopians from all walks of life have contributed to GERD, not just financially, but also through their spirit. It has been funded by the dedication of patriots, school children donating their lunch money, farmers sharing their harvests, and artists contributing their talents. What other nation can claim such unity in the face of challenges? Ethiopia has faced threats and pressure from those who resist an independent Africa. Yet, we have remained steadfast and resolute. GERD poses no threat to anyone; rather, it stands as a symbol of hope, sustainable development, and what Africans can achieve through self-belief. GERD will provide electricity to millions of Ethiopians who have never had access to power in their homes. It will support our industries, schools, and hospitals, lifting our people from energy poverty. Additionally, it will enable power sharing with Sudan, Djibouti, Kenya, South Sudan, and eventually the broader Horn and East Africa region. Ethiopia is not advancing alone; we are progressing alongside our African brothers and sisters. As a proud citizen and journalist of this land, I declare: GERD is our dam, our aspiration, and our fate. It conveys to the world that Ethiopia, though ancient, is not forgotten. We are the descendants of Axum and Adwa, known for our wisdom and resilience. Now, we are also the home of GERD—the beacon of Africa. Let GERD be remembered not only as an engineering achievement but also as a testament to patriotism—the kind that shapes history and inspires future generations.

By Bereket Sysay Today, Ethiopia reached a remarkable milestone in its extensive history as it inaugurated the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The completion of the GERD will signify a new chapter for Ethiopia and, more broadly, for Africa, offering vast economic prospects. This dam is the culmination of years of unwavering dedication from the Ethiopian government and its populace, representing a self-sufficient development initiative. Since its establishment 14 years ago, it has been clear that the dam would be built and financed by Ethiopian citizens, both domestically and internationally, without any external financial assistance. This goal has already been realized, which is truly commendable. Nearly every Ethiopian has played a role in the construction of this monumental dam, which is why its opening will be commemorated as a national holiday. The dam symbolizes hope for transformative change for all Ethiopians by facilitating sustainable development, a long-held aspiration of the nation. Ethiopia has successfully undertaken and completed the construction of the dam by mobilising domestic resources. This endeavor has not been without its difficulties, as contributions have been made from limited incomes, despite the project's significant public importance. Additionally, Ethiopia has encountered considerable opposition from riparian countries during the construction of this vast dam. Nonetheless, the country remains resolute in its commitment to proceed in accordance with the principles of international water law. Egypt, in particular, has voiced criticism of Ethiopia based on antiquated colonial water agreements from 1929 and 1959, to which Ethiopia has never been a signatory. Moreover, Ethiopia, along with other Nile Basin countries, has been successful in establishing the Nile Basin Commission, which was entrusted with governing the Nile water resources based on the principle of international water law. Against all challenges, Ethiopia has once again shown its resilience in the face of threats. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a development initiative designed to transform Ethiopia into a strong economic nation, as energy is vital for promoting development. With a design capacity to generate approximately 5,150 MW of electricity, the GERD is set to become the largest hydropower facility in Africa. This energy could primarily alleviate Ethiopia’s current energy shortfall, impacting over millions of peoples, and cater to both industrial and domestic requirements. The GERD is poised to revolutionize Ethiopia’s energy landscape by supplying millions with clean, renewable electricity, and its importance goes well beyond mere power generation. The dam is expected to stimulate economic activity in various sectors, including fisheries, recreation, and tourism, thereby generating extensive employment opportunities in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) presents considerable advantages not only for Ethiopia but also for adjacent regions and the entire African continent. Numerous analysts have pointed out that the energy deficit in Africa is a significant contributor to the continent's current economic challenges. Africa is grappling with critical energy shortages, with approximately 60 million individuals nearly half of its population — lacking access to electricity. This energy deprivation represents a substantial barrier to economic advancement, education, healthcare, and overall quality of life. In this context, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is set to play a pivotal role in resolving this long-standing issue. Any excess electricity generated could consequently be exported to neighboring countries such as Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia. This would facilitate regional energy integration and foster economic growth by energizing the manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector serves as a fundamental pillar of economic development, making a significant contribution to a nation's GDP by producing goods for both domestic use and export. It also propels economic expansion through high-value output and productivity improvements. Manufacturing is among the most energy-intensive sectors, depending heavily on energy for processes such as heating, machinery operation, and goods transportation. Therefore, dependable and cost-effective access to energy, which the GERD will furnish to Ethiopia and other African nations, will enhance manufacturing productivity by energizing assembly lines, automation, and supply chains. By supplying affordable, renewable energy, the GERD will empower Ethiopia and its neighboring countries to shift from a consumption-driven economy to an export-oriented industrial economy. The availability of this energy will draw investment into industrial parks and urban development, generating jobs and economic prospects that will extend across borders via trade and labor mobility. Besides, the GERD fosters fair and sustainable collaboration among the countries of the Nile Basin. By supplying clean, renewable energy, the dam lessens dependence on fossil fuels and aids in alleviating climate change impacts in the region. It also promotes sustainable development by tackling issues of water and energy scarcity. For the countries sharing the river, the GERD could play a crucial role in managing floods and sedimentation. The GERD regulates water flow, minimizing annual flooding and safeguarding Sudan from severe flood-related damage. It also manages siltation, thus lowering the expenses associated with dredging and maintaining infrastructure, particularly in Sudan. Furthermore, the GERD's positioning in the highlands of Ethiopia, where evaporation rates are reduced, diminishes water loss during storage. The storage capacity of the GERD ensures adequate water flow to Egypt, particularly in times of drought, serving as a safety mechanism. Having recognized all these economic advantages, it is evident that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) represents a transformative initiative with the capacity to enhance energy security, stimulate economic growth, and promote regional integration throughout Africa, while delivering concrete benefits. The dam also stands as a testament to Ethiopia’s sovereignty and its entitlement to utilize natural resources for national advancement. Ethiopia’s dedication to managing its natural resources in a sustainable and equitable fashion indicates a notable transformation in the region's geopolitical dynamics, which have historically been influenced by archaic colonial-era water agreements. As a self-funded development endeavor, the GERD is fostering the implementation of African-led solutions. It establishes a benchmark for self-sufficient infrastructure projects, bolstering Ethiopia’s economic diplomacy and motivating other African nations to pursue similar ventures. A thriving Africa founded on inclusive growth and sustainable development can only be achieved if African nations are capable of expanding initiatives of this nature. Consequently, by constructing the GERD, Ethiopia is aiding in the fulfillment of Agenda 2063 and the regional strategies for economic integration. Nevertheless, Ethiopia's aspirations will not conclude here; it is determined to evolve into a developed and prosperous nation, as well as to witness a developed and prosperous Africa. Thus, it is essential for neighboring countries to seize the advantages of the GERD and collaborate to forge a brighter future. Furthermore, the economic prospects of Africa hinge on the establishment and execution of such large-scale projects. To realize this, nations across the continent must exert every effort to mobilize domestic resources, as this represents the most dependable mechanism for development financing. One crucial aspect we must not overlook is that Africa can only progress towards a brighter future if it shapes its own destiny.

By Henok Tadele Addis Ababa, September 9, 2025 (ENA)— After 14 years of relentless endeavors, and unshakable dedication, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed today — 9 September 2015 (Pagumen 4, 2017 E.C.), inaugurated the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a monumental victory that crowns Ethiopia’s resilience and heralds a new era of national pride. Ethiopia has been deprived of harnessing the Abay River for its development endeavors, despite contributing over 86 percent of water to downstream Nile Basin states. For millennia, generations of Ethiopians have watched the Abay River simply flowing to basin states without serving its origin. Abay washed away Ethiopian soil to a great extent. This continued for centuries. So glaring was the injustice, hampering Ethiopia to utilize a bucket of Abay water for whatever development undertakings! Against this backdrop, Ethiopia took a bold step to building a hydro power dam on Abay River. Former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi laid the foundation stone to commence the construction of GERD on 2 April 2011.Credit where credit is due! GERD's inauguration is a clear signal to the world. Ethiopia is charting its own course. The dam is a driver of regional cooperation, stimulating other African nations to foster development based on win-win approach and leverage economic emancipation. The GERD has created a phenomenal reservoir, named Nigat Lake (Dawn Lake). Today's inauguration marks the most joyous and monumental day in Ethiopian history. With span of 14 years of unwavering construction and immense sacrifice, Abay River has ever become fair to Ethiopia to generate hydropower with its massive reservoir of 74 billion cubic meters of water. Hence, GERD's completion evokes feelings of both heartbreak and euphoria among Ethiopians. It is worth celebrating. The inauguration of GERD penetrates deep in the soul, causing teardrops. The groundbreaking and inauguration of GERD stirred the hearts and souls of Ethiopians. Simply put, GERD is the biggest dream that generations have longed for centuries to see this happen. It is a historic milestone for Ethiopians—proof of what a nation can achieve when united by purpose, belief, and commitment.The GERD, which is Africa's largest hydro power dam, stands as a testament to what a determined nation can achieve. It is a monumental milestone not only for Ethiopia but also for the entire African continent. It is justice carved in concrete and filled with water. It is the fulfillment of a vision once declared impossible. It is a voice long silenced, finally rising with power. When the World Turns Its Back Ethiopia Stands Tall When Ethiopia finally dared to realize the overdue dreams of the past generations and broke ground, the GERD was met with fierce resistance; not with support. Major international financial institutions declined to finance the hydro power project; not because the dam lacked merit nor Ethiopia lacked vision but to uphold the hegemony of Nile waters. Through back channel diplomacy, imposition and pressure mounted on Ethiopia to halt constructing the dam but to no avail. The Ethiopian people and government continued to construct the hydro power dam to generate electricity for rural communities, its growing economy as well as for the entire regional power connectivity. The mega project could have been financed by international financial institutions or co-financed with riparian states given its regional implications. Sadly, Ethiopia was told to stay in the dark. Faced with global indifference, Ethiopia made a bold decision to finance the dam itself. The imposition coming from others was a red line for Ethiopian people and government who have endured obstacles painstakingly to complete the dam with a spirit of resilience. This century-old injustice prompted the Ethiopian public and government to gather unwavering strength and unity to finance the dam. Across the nation, people rose up to take whatever it took to finish the construction of GERD. Civil servants contributed their salary to GERD. Farmers bought bonds by selling their harvest. Children put coins in donation boxes. Artists staged concerts to fund raise and motivate the entire public to rally behind the dam. Religious leaders preached unity. The poor gave both what they could and could not afford. This was a true national awakening, a collective act of defiance against injustice. The GERD has a storage capacity of 74 billion cubic meters of water and a power generation capacity of over 5,150 megawatts, enough to double Ethiopia’s electricity consumption and light the region with clean and sustainable energy. GERD—A Win for All Riparian States Despite years of opposition and misinformation from downstream states, the GERD offers unequivocally blessings to all Nile basin states, both to Sudan and Egypt. GERD mitigates flood risks and sedimentation in downstream countries, boosting agricultural productivity. Additionally, the dam’s sediment-trapping capacity will extend the lifespan of downstream dam infrastructure. By preventing devastating floods during the rainy season and ensuring a stable supply during the dry months, the dam will bring economic revitalization to millions of farmers, to Sudan, for instance. Water stored in the reservoir of GERD, high in the Ethiopian highlands and within deep gorges, will save significant cubic meters of water from evaporation, unlike at the Aswan Dam. It is regrettable that Ethiopia has been deprived of harnessing the Abay River for development. Egypt and Sudan held hegemony in the use of the Nile's waters. Consider the paradox, Ethiopia, which contributes most of the water, has been prevented from utilizing its share of the Abay water. This has perpetuated harsh droughts, poverty, and widespread energy deprivation, especially in rural communities. Envisioned as a driving force for sustainable development, the GERD is generating hydropower to supply electricity to millions of Ethiopians who have been without light thus far as well as boost industrial growth and augment regional power connectivity as well. With abundant clean energy, Ethiopia will power not just its factories and homes, but also integrate economies across East Africa, fostering regional prosperity and stability. The Abay River Become Fair For generations, Ethiopian songs and poems described Abay as a neglected might. The metaphor of Abay, soaked in pain, has now been transformed into fairness—it started serving all its basin states and the entire region. As the turbines begin to spin and lights begin to shine across the region, the world must hear the new rhythm rising from East Africa. The Nile has spoken, and now it speaks with fairness.

By Desta Kahsay The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) stands as a monumental testament to the power of self-reliance and collective aspiration, offering a compelling blueprint for development not just for Africa, but for the global South. Financed entirely through the unwavering commitment of its own citizens, this flagship project has defied skeptics and rewritten the narrative of what is achievable when a nation mobilizes its own resources for inclusive prosperity. From its very inception, the GERD has been more than just a hydroelectric dam; it has been a national rallying cry, a symbol of Ethiopia’s unwavering resolve to harness its natural resources for the benefit of its people. Unlike many large-scale infrastructure projects across Africa, which often rely heavily on foreign loans and aid, the GERD’s financing model is uniquely domestic. This deliberate choice was a bold declaration of economic sovereignty and a rejection of the cycles of dependency that have often hampered development in the continent. The active participation of Ethiopians from all walks of life has been the pulsating heart of this monumental undertaking. From farmers in remote villages to professionals in bustling cities, and the vast Ethiopian diaspora spread across the globe, millions have contributed their hard-earned money to the GERD. This collective effort has manifested in diverse forms: the purchase of GERD bonds, direct financial contributions, and even in-kind donations such as houses and cars, all channeled towards the realization of a shared dream. This unprecedented level of public ownership has fostered a profound sense of national pride and an unwavering commitment to the project’s success. It’s a vivid illustration of how a nation, united by a common vision, can unlock immense financial potential within its own borders. This self-reliance funding model has not only secured the necessary capital for one of the continent’s largest hydroelectric dams but also instilled a deeper culture of saving and investment among the populace, laying a stronger foundation for future economic growth. Moreover, the GERD stands as a living testament, powerfully defying the erroneous perceptions of some who attempted to taint it as a “white elephant.” For years, critics, often from external quarters, dismissed the project as an unfeasible undertaking, a drain on resources, or a source of dispute with downstream countries. Yet, with each passing milestone, from the successful initial fillings to the commencement of power generation, the dam has undisputedly debunked these myths. It has showcased Ethiopia’s determination to uplift its citizens out of poverty, its capacity for strategic planning, and its commitment to peaceful and equitable utilization of shared resources. The GERD has set a new dawn for Africa, demonstrating unequivocally that nothing is impossible when there is political will, national unity, and a firm belief in the capabilities of one’s own people. It serves as a powerful inspiration for other African nations to leverage their own resources, mobilize their populations, and pursue ambitious development projects without succumbing to external pressures or the allure of conditional foreign financing. The lessons learned from the GERD’s construction, particularly in terms of innovative financing and broad-based public participation, offer invaluable insights for a continent striving for genuine economic emancipation. In a world increasingly characterized by economic uncertainties and shifting geopolitical landscapes, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam’s journey, built on the bedrock of domestic finance and public participation, is a powerful narrative of resilience, self-determination, and inclusive prosperity. It is a beacon of hope, illuminating a path for Africa and beyond towards a future where monumental dreams are realized through collective action and an unyielding belief in what a united nation can achieve.

By Gezahagn Degefu Addis Ababa, September 3, 2025 (ENA) -- At the beginning of the Ethiopian New Year (September 2025), Ethiopians are set to celebrate the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)—a historic milestone accomplished to generate hydro power. GERD is now Africa’s largest hydroelectric dam, an emblem of Ethiopian ingenuity, determination, and unity. The dam is an expression of pride and a source of inspiration to both Ethiopia and Africa at large. A foundation stone was laid to commence the construction of GERD on the Abbay River in Guba woreda, Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia on 2 April 2011. From the beginning, the dam captured the body and mind of millions of Ethiopians. Funded entirely by domestic resources, without foreign loans, the dam has become a rallying point for patriotism, with citizens at home and abroad buying bonds, donating, and advocating for its success. Office of the National Council for the Coordination of Public Participation to the Construction of GERD confirmed that the financial backbone of GERD has been the Ethiopian people, describing it as a national development model rooted in self-reliance and collective ownership. Once fully operational, GERD will generate 5,150 megawatts of electricity. This is a transformative leap for a nation, as nearly half of the rural population of Ethiopia still lacks access to electricity. Beyond lighting homes and powering industries, GERD is central to Ethiopia’s broader vision of industrialization, rural electrification, and regional energy connectivity. For Ethiopia, GERD is more than hydro power; it embodies the aspiration for economic self-determination. The Abbay River has dawned Ethiopia’s hope to embark on harnessing its natural resources sustainably and equitably. This marks a pivotal shift, not just in infrastructure development, but a turnaround in regional geopolitical dynamics long influenced by outdated, colonial-era water treaties. From the outset, GERD faced formidable challenges. Persisting with a colonial mindset, against the order of the 21st century, at the expense of Ethiopia, does not hold water. Ethiopia had been deprived of harnessing its natural resources for centuries. The dream of Ethiopians has come true, having endured to overcome the injustices and sufferings for millennia. Over the last seven years, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has navigated intense international pressure during critical phases of the dam’s filling, while maintaining a firm commitment to diplomacy and cooperation. In a gesture of regional cooperation, Prime Minister Abiy extended an official invitation to the Nile riparian states to be part of the upcoming inauguration. “We believe in shared water, shared energy, and shared prosperity,” he declared. GERD’s impact will reverberate across East Africa. Ethiopia exports electricity to Sudan, Kenya, Djibouti, and others, fostering economic interdependence in the Horn of Africa. Additionally, the dam is expected to enhance water management and boost food security across the region. Its vast reservoir also holds potential for eco-tourism, fisheries, and hospitality, creating thousands of jobs. “GERD is a project for Africa. It offers flood control, reduced evaporation, and fosters cross-border energy connectivity, a symbol of hope and cooperation, Gideon Asfaw, a member of the GERD Negotiation Team once emphasized. As the inauguration nears, the GERD stands not only as a feat of engineering but as a declaration of national purpose. By controlling its internal resources through GERD and seeking external connectivity through trade and diplomacy, Ethiopia is reshaping its role in the Horn of Africa, paving the way for shared regional aspirations. Yet Ethiopia has maintained that the dam would not harm downstream nations. Designed to regulate the river’s seasonal flow, GERD aims to mitigate destructive floods and ensure a more predictable water supply. Ethiopia and other Nile Basin states initiated the Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA) to pave for equitable water use. This is a millstone not only to use the Nile waters but also to prevent riverside environmental degradation. GERD’s completion is more than an infrastructure milestone; it is the realization of a collective dream, a legacy of unity, and a promise to future generations. For Ethiopia, GERD is a rise of a self-sufficient, forward-looking, poised to lead by example in innovation, resilience, and cooperation.

  By Henok Tadele Haile Addis Ababa, August 31, 2025 (ENA) -- When Ethiopia and Nigeria shook hands in Addis Ababa this week over a 2.5 billion USD fertilizer complex deal, it was more than a business transaction. It was a declaration of intent, a bold statement that Africa is ready to rewrite its agricultural future with homegrown solutions and intra-continental cooperation at an unprecedented scale. This landmark investment, led by Africa’s richest man, Aliko Dangote, and Ethiopia’s reform-driven government under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, positions Ethiopia not just as a consumer of agricultural inputs, but as sub-Saharan Africa’s leading fertilizer producer. With a planned capacity of three million tons of urea annually, the project is set to rival Nigeria’s own fertilizer complex—already the second-largest urea plant in the world. “This is a very huge, gigantic project,” Dangote said during the signing ceremony, adding “To move from zero to three million tons in three years is not easy. But Ethiopia has the raw material, natural gas, and the visionary leadership to make it happen. We are not just producing fertilizer, we are leading a revolution.” A New Era of African Cooperation For decades, Africa’s economic future has been described in terms of what external partners, could do for the continent. This deal shifts the narrative. It is a Nigeria–Ethiopia partnership, uniting Africa’s two most populous nations under a shared vision of food sovereignty and industrial transformation. Dangote himself framed the significance bluntly. “Foreigners will not come and develop your economy. I am not a foreigner here, I am an African. The headquarters of the African Union is in Addis Ababa, and it is our duty as Africans to make sure Ethiopia succeeds.” By anchoring the project in Ethiopia’s Calub and Hilala gas fields in the Somali region, and linking it to both agriculture and industry, the partnership signals a new model of “Africa-for-Africa” development, one in which Africans leverage their own resources, capital, and entrepreneurial vision to break cycles of dependency. The Dangote Factor The deal also underscores the growing role of Aliko Dangote as more than just Nigeria’s industrial titan. His fertilizer plant in Lagos already transformed Nigeria’s agriculture by cutting dependency on imports and stabilizing supply chains. Now, by expanding into Ethiopia, Dangote is spearheading a continental fertilizer revolution, agricultural revolution also. His ambition stretches beyond urea production. “We will not stop at urea,” he vowed while signing the deal, “We are doing the whole range of NPK fertilizers.” Ethiopia will be a net exporter, not an importer anymore.” This is not just commerce, it is an entrepreneurial vision for a self-sufficient Africa, scaling the lessons of Nigeria across borders. Ethiopia’s Strategic Vision For Ethiopia, the project dovetails with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s national strategy of resilience and import substitution. Speaking at the ceremony, PM Abiy underscored both the urgency and discipline required. “The project is on track to be completed on schedule. We will oversee it with the utmost discipline, as it is a highly important and strategic undertaking. Within 40 months, Ethiopia will have laid a foundation for food sovereignty.”, he said. The symbolism is clear, just as the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) became a national emblem of energy independence, this fertilizer complex is set to become the industrial flagship of Ethiopia’s agricultural independence. Finance Minister Ahmed Shide was equally emphatic, calling the agreement “a new renaissance (GERD) for the nation.” “Ethiopia has been spending a billion USD annually to import fertilizer. This factory will end that dependence, save critical foreign currency, and establish Ethiopia as a regional hub for fertilizer production. It is a historic milestone, no less significant than the GERD.”, he enthusiastically elaborated. By integrating fertilizer production with natural gas reserves in the Ogaden Basin, Ethiopia is choosing not to merely export raw resources but to add value at home. This “Made in Ethiopia” and “Import Substitution” strategy, which saved 4.5 billion USD in imports in 2024/25 alone, illustrates Ethiopia’s pivot toward industrialization through resource integration. From Wheat Self-Sufficiency to Fertilizer Independence The Russia–Ukraine war made it painfully clear how dependent Ethiopia was on imported fertilizer. As global fertilizer prices tripled and wheat imports stalled, the Ethiopian economy was so starved of fertilizer, the most important input for Ethiopia’s agricultural production. For a country where agriculture sustains the majority, the crisis was more than economic—it was existential. So the country faced a very hard time due to the geopolitical nature of global wheat and fertilizer politics. To curb those challenges all together, PM Abiy’s government responded first by ramping up irrigated wheat production, turning Ethiopia from a net importer into a net exporter. Now, with this fertilizer deal, Ethiopia is securing the other half of the equation—fertilizer self-sufficiency with a promise to export. This is about sovereignty, PM Abiy emphasized in his speech after the fertilizer deal. “We must build our food system on solid ground.” This project ensures Ethiopia will no longer be vulnerable to external shocks regarding fertilizer. Africa as an Agricultural Superpower The implications go beyond Ethiopia. By joining forces, Nigeria and Ethiopia are signaling Africa’s intent to compete in the global fertilizer market. A continent once portrayed as the world’s breadbasket-in-waiting is finally laying the industrial groundwork to fulfill that role. The fertilizer deal is therefore both economic and geopolitical. It shows that Africa is not merely a consumer in the global food system but a rising producer, capable of feeding its own people and contributing to global food security. The Road Ahead The Ethiopia–Dangote fertilizer deal is a project measured not just in billions of USD or tons of urea, but in confidence, vision, and sovereignty. It is a bet that African cooperation, African resources, and African leadership can chart a new path out of dependency and vulnerability. With Dangote’s industrial track record, Ethiopia’s commitment to execution and the symbolism of Africa’s two giants working together, the project embodies a new era. The fertilizer complex in Gode is more than concrete, steel, and pipelines. It is a monument to resilience, built in the aftermath of global crisis, a blueprint for self-reliance, crafted from Africa’s own raw materials and a signal to the world that Africa’s agricultural future will be defined not by aid or imports, but by African ingenuity.

  By Bereket Sisay Addis Ababa, August 27, 2025 (ENA) -- The political portrayal of the Horn of Africa, seemingly shaped by an Orientalist perspective, is overwhelmingly negative. The region has always been portrayed as a hotbed of instability, a place where political tensions and risks are rampant. In fact, the region's reality does not differ much from this portrayal, as it has experienced political turmoil for many years. Communal conflicts, terrorism, political chaos, piracy, and interstate wars have plagued the region for a long time. Furthermore, external intervention by outside actors exacerbates these political crises and puts the region in disarray. The region also has a history of being used as a chessboard, emerging as a center of gravity for diverse actors from near and far due to its geopolitical position. Consequently, the region is characterized as a symmetric multipolar region, exhibiting a convergence and divergence of interests that negatively impact its well-being. These crises and their impacts have rendered the region as it is today. This characterization has damaged the image of the region and each country within it and calls for each country's efforts to change the narrative for the better, once and for all. However, undertaking mutually beneficial political and economic projects that can defy the region's previous presentation requires courage and solid political will. In light of this geopolitical reality, Ethiopia has made every effort to transform the situation and contribute to the region by taking responsibility. The nation redefined its approach long ago, embracing a collective strategy to address significant regional challenges and work toward a better future. Ethiopia has been working tirelessly for the region's common good, determined to overcome its grim past and propel the region toward sustainable development and peace. As stated in its foreign policy document, Ethiopia prioritizes its neighboring countries because their destinies are closely linked. Ethiopia seems to embody the sentiment, "Either we swim together or we sink together," which aptly captures the region's interdependent nature. Ethiopia's dedication to the region is not just theoretical. The country has demonstrated this commitment through collaborative efforts and mutually beneficial strategies over an extended period, as evidenced by its recent tangible actions. These initiatives are grounded in the principle of mutual advantage for the region and the broader continent, thus promoting stability and development. Consider Ethiopia's contributions to regional peace, for example. Its role as a peacekeeper in Somalia exemplifies its dedication to tackling regional issues collaboratively. Since 2006, Ethiopia has demonstrated its commitment to the principle of "non-indifference" toward its neighbors' struggles by actively working to foster peace and security in Somalia. This has significantly benefited the region and its people. While the terrorist group al-Shabaab has not been completely eradicated, its threat has significantly decreased, leading a robust stability in the region. Furthermore, Somalia’s relatively stable federal government today is largely due to Ethiopia's contributions, as well as those of other nations. Ethiopia has consistently demonstrated its willingness to collaborate with Somalia as partners in maintaining peace and security, viewing it as a shared responsibility. Ethiopia’s stability is intertwined with Somalia’s security, and Somalia’s security and long-term progress depend on Ethiopia’s growth and development. At Somalia’s 2022 presidential inauguration in Mogadishu, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized this point, stating: “We don’t view our progress as a nation separate from that of our neighbors for we truly understand that a neighbor at peace with itself is an ally for our paths to prosperity.” Similarly, Ethiopia has played a critical role in fostering peace and stability in South Sudan, which has faced civil conflict since its independence. Through the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Ethiopia has successfully led negotiations between conflicting parties, resulting in a peace agreement that many considered unachievable. Despite the challenges of implementing the revitalized peace deal, South Sudan is progressing toward greater stability. Ethiopia is widely recognized as a key contributor to this process due to its significant efforts in fulfilling its regional responsibilities. In sharing the burden of the region's social crisis, Ethiopia has proven itself to be an important ally. Despite its economic challenges and large population, Ethiopia plays a significant role in addressing the regional refugee crisis. The country hosts over one million refugees from neighboring countries, including Sudan and South Sudan. This generous act reflects Ethiopia’s commitment to a collaborative approach to regional issues and shared development. It has earned international praise by countering the restrictive immigration policies of many developed nations, which have become the new normal. Similarly, as climate change poses a major threat, particularly in the Horn of Africa, where adaptive capacity is limited, Ethiopia has not sat idly by; rather, it has carved out its own solutions. To combat climate change, Ethiopia launched the Green Legacy Initiative, planting billions of trees with widespread citizen participation. Additionally, Ethiopia is expanding this initiative throughout the region by providing neighboring countries, such as Djibouti and South Sudan, with seedlings and sharing its expertise. This contributes to collective regional efforts against climate change and fosters a resilient green economy. Ethiopia’s cross-border development initiatives vividly demonstrate its commitment to fostering shared prosperity in the region. A prime example is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s vision for cooperative growth. Beyond providing electrification and other indirect benefits to Ethiopia, the GERD is a transformative project designed to benefit neighboring countries, particularly Sudan and Egypt, by regulating floods, managing water flow, and serving as a vital energy source for a region long plagued by energy shortages. The dam’s energy output will drive industrial and manufacturing growth, advancing both national and regional development in alignment with the aspirations of Agenda 2063, Africa’s blueprint for continental integration. As the manufacturing sector expands, it will create jobs across various value chains, boosting livelihoods and raising per capita income. This will surely contribute to sustainable development in the region and beyond. Likewise, Ethiopia’s pursuit of sea access reflects its dedication to mutual prosperity and regional collaboration. Far from a self-serving ambition, this endeavor aligns with the principles of shared growth, as access to the sea would unlock multi sectoral opportunities for neighboring countries. Ethiopia’s landlocked status has long constrained its economy and geopolitical standing, while also depriving the region of the broader benefits that sea access could enable. By securing maritime access, Ethiopia could catalyze regional advantages akin to those of the GERD, reinforcing its commitment to development projects that prioritize collective progress and mutual benefit. Additionally, Ethiopia has played a key role in strengthening IGAD, transforming it into a robust multilateral institution that unites member states around shared goals. This is another milestone in the nation's efforts to promote regional cooperation. Therefore, all these stories convey one major truth: Ethiopia aspires to grow and prosper through shared contributions. To that end, Ethiopia has adopted a collaborative approach to solving inherited problems and establishing effective strategies for achieving sustainable peace and development. A collective response is a new possibility, and every country in the region must exhibit the political will to make this pragmatic geopolitical vision a reality. If they cooperate, these countries have the capacity to alter the region's political and economic direction. Moreover, moving forward is not an option in this chaotic global scenario. Today, the world's geopolitical landscape is tense. The war between Ukraine and Russia continues, the crisis in the Middle East grinds on, and the rivalry between China and the U.S. intensifies. Additionally, many concerning negative trends have emerged in Africa and the region at large. Thus, it is crucial to navigate this volatile global political and economic landscape and carve out possible solutions for Eastern Africa, particularly the Horn of Africa, at least for the time being. For the Horn of Africa to achieve peace and prosperity, collaboration must move beyond rhetoric. Ethiopia has taken bold steps now the question is whether others will follow.

By Gosaye Feyissa Addis Ababa, August 22, 2025 (ENA) -- Addis Ababa is a city of renown, a jewel among the great metropolises of Africa. This historic city, close to a century and a half in age, is a mirror of Ethiopia herself—a living museum of over 80 nations and nationalities, a tapestry woven with the threads of diverse cultures. For many, the name Addis Ababa evokes visions of Ethiopia’s vibrant capital, a city characterized by its high-altitude atmosphere and a distinctive blend of tradition and modernity. However, for diplomats, policymakers, and pan-Africanists worldwide, Addis Ababa represents something far deeper: it stands as the unequivocal diplomatic hub of Africa. The significance of Addis Ababa is rooted in a unique history that sets it apart from other African capitals. Unlike most, Addis Ababa was not founded by a colonial power. It was established in 1886 by Emperor Menelik II, who chose the site for its fertile land and natural hot springs. The city's destiny was sealed a decade later when Ethiopia became the only African nation to successfully repel a European colonial invasion at the Battle of Adwa. This historic victory cemented Ethiopia's place as a symbol of African independence and resistance. This legacy of sovereignty and self-determination became the foundation for the pan-African movement. Leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Julius Nyerere of Tanzania looked to Ethiopia as a beacon of hope and a haven for nationalists fighting for their liberation. When the time came to create a unified continental body, there was only one logical choice for its home. In 1963, Addis Ababa hosted the historic meeting that gave birth to the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the forerunner of today's African Union (AU). In the decades since, the city has become the permanent seat of the AU, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and a myriad of other international organizations and more than 120 embassies. This concentration of diplomatic power is unrivaled on the continent, making Addis Ababa a vital nexus for dialogue, negotiation, and cooperation.   For seven years, the government has been undertaking a wide range of projects to give Addis Ababa a look befitting its international renown. The most prominent of these is the ongoing, large-scale corridor development project. Now, the city is undergoing a historic transformation—redefining what it means to be a livable, modern, and beautiful African capital. Through bold corridor development and riverside revitalization initiatives, Ethiopia’s capital is improving daily life while positioning itself as a rising star in African tourism and urban innovation. These initiatives are not merely about upgrading infrastructure; they represent a fundamental shift in urban planning aimed at creating a more livable and sustainable city. The projects, which have been implemented in phases, involve improving major routes by building wider roads, dedicated bicycle lanes, and spacious pedestrian walkways. This focus on non-motorized transport is crucial for a city where a large percentage of the population walks, and it aims to reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality. Beyond transportation, the corridors are designed to integrate green spaces, recreational areas, and public plazas, which are vital for enhancing the quality of life and fostering a sense of community.   The development has also had a profound impact on the city's socioeconomic landscape. By revitalizing neglected areas, the projects have spurred new commercial and residential developments, attracting investment and creating new job opportunities in the construction, retail, and hospitality sectors. The transformation aims to turn Addis Ababa into a "smart city" with modernized utilities like improved drainage systems and telecommunication networks. Visitors are now rediscovering a city that looks, feels, and breathes differently. The city is more than just comfortable for its residents. It has also become a beautiful destination for foreign visitors who come to explore its historical significance related to Pan-African ideals, its role as a beacon of African liberation, and its foundation as the headquarters of the African Union. The corridor development project is a multi-sectoral initiative aimed at improving roads, mobility, and public spaces. Spanning over 240 kilometers, the project includes 48 kilometers of newly asphalted roads, 96 kilometers of pedestrian walkways, and 100 kilometers of dedicated bicycle lanes. It also introduced 48 new bus and taxi terminals to streamline public transportation.   As the Mayor of the city, Adanech Abiebie noted, the initiative “enabled us to identify, renovate, and open many previously unknown heritage sites to the public,” while also reducing congestion, enhancing safety, and expanding green coverage. These upgrades have revived neglected neighborhoods and brought essential public amenities. From modern parks and libraries to skill training centers and upgraded housing for low-income residents, the city is being redesigned to serve everyone. Equally transformative is the Addis Ababa Riverside Project, which is converting polluted riverbanks into vibrant public spaces. Once health hazards, these rivers now host walkways, plazas, amphitheaters, and bike paths—turning environmental liabilities into valuable community assets. Global Admiration: A Model for Africa Addis Ababa's urban renaissance has earned international recognition. During the Pan-African Youth Leadership Summit, ministers from Gambia, Burundi, and Mali praised the city’s progress. “I have witnessed significant transformation,” said Gambia’s Youth Minister Bakary Badjie during a visit to the Addis International Convention Center. “We can learn much from Addis Ababa.” Danish Ambassador Sune Krogstrup noted, “You can really tell this is a city growing fast,” emphasizing the broader implications of infrastructure for inclusive development.   At the African Cities Forum, Professor David Francis of Sierra Leone likened Addis Ababa’s nighttime glow to Shanghai or London, calling it “the proud capital of Africa.” Chinese urban planning expert Professor Wang Jingping cited green spaces and new infrastructure as signs of remarkable progress. Tourists from Romania, India, Madagascar, and Uganda have also expressed admiration, noting the city's cleanliness, modernization, and welcoming atmosphere. Human-Centered Development What sets Addis Ababa’s development apart is its human focus. The Lenegewa Women's Rehabilitation Center, for example, provides skill-building and support for vulnerable women. Renovated housing projects offer dignity and improved living conditions for the urban poor. Initiatives like ‘Clean Ethiopia’ and ‘Dine for Sheger’ are improving sanitation and the city’s appearance. A boarding school for visually impaired students, built by the Office of the First Lady, reflects a commitment to inclusive infrastructure. Beyond aesthetics, the corridor project is enhancing daily life. Improved traffic flow, reduced accidents, and expanded green areas have created a safer and more enjoyable urban experience. Lighting, walkways, and trees along major corridors have turned streets into places for both transit and leisure. These projects aren’t merely about infrastructure—they’re about resilience, job creation, tourism, and fostering an inviting investment climate. They reflect a larger vision of building a capital that serves its citizens and prepares for future generations.   For a young African, visiting Addis Ababa can be a transformative experience. They might walk the same corridors where their grandparents' generation fought for independence or witness a heads-of-state summit shaping their future. The city is a living monument to the pan-African dream, a place where the struggles of the past and the aspirations of the future converge. Addis Ababa is not without its challenges. Like many rapidly growing urban centers, it grapples with issues of infrastructure, population growth, and urban planning. Yet, it continues to rise to the occasion, solidifying its reputation as a city that can host world leaders, influence global agendas, and serve as a symbol of African resilience and ambition. It is a city that, through its history and its unwavering commitment to unity, has truly earned its title as the diplomatic heart of Africa.

Addis Ababa, August 21, 2025 (ENA) -- From Sept. 4 to 10, the Algerian capital will become the epicenter of African trade. More than a mere economic gathering, the fourth edition of the Intra-African Trade Fair symbolizes Algeria's unwavering continental ambition-one that the nation is determined to fully embrace. A "work of projection and observation"— such was the recognition given to the substantial efforts undertaken following a thorough consultation on the current state of preparations and the key recommendations concerning the intensification of the organizational phase of the 4th Intra-African Trade Fair, scheduled to take place in Algiers in September. This event far exceeds the scope of a conventional economic exhibition. In a constantly evolving geopolitical context, where shifting balances redefine Africa's priorities, the organization of this fair in Algiers stands as a bold undertaking — a pivotal moment in the continent's trajectory. It provides Algeria with a unique opportunity to showcase its capacity to align economic aspirations with logistical expertise and forward-thinking diplomacy. The IATF 2025 is a strategic occasion for Algeria to reaffirm its place within the African economic sphere and to project a revitalized image of its productive capabilities. It aims to elevate intra-African cooperation to a structural level, yielding tangible outcomes in terms of trade facilitation and deeper integration into the continent's commercial momentum. Yet, this continental fair goes well beyond the framework of a trade exhibition; it represents a critical milestone in the operationalization of the African Continental Free Trade Area, offering Algeria an unparalleled platform to highlight its export potential. The political commitment surrounding the event is a testament to the Algerian authorities' resolve to make the IATF a structural success that serves the cause of regional integration. Beyond visibility, the ultimate goal is to transform the fair into a lever for sustainable economic diversification and a cornerstone of Algeria's strategic repositioning. Algiers is preparing to host a landmark event that embodies the continent's economic convergence. This dynamic follows the historic continuity of Algeria's commitment to African unity. Since gaining independence, the country has distinguished itself by actively supporting liberation movements and consistently engaging in a diplomacy that champions continental causes. Algeria's leading role within the African Union and its election to head numerous AU bodies are a direct reflection of this legacy, legitimizing Algiers as the host city of a continental event eagerly anticipated by entrepreneurs and economic experts alike. "To align all available means with the nation's African ambition" — this is the guiding principle shaping Algeria's strategic deployment of resources to enhance its image and influence. It involves the meticulous coordination of infrastructure, logistics, administrative procedures, protocol, financing, customs facilitation, transportation, accommodation, tourism, communication and marketing. President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, unwavering in his Pan-African convictions, has consistently worked to strengthen political alignment across the continent. His vision is rooted in active solidarity, mutual support in facing common challenges, and, above all, a clear economic ambition: initiating a new growth dynamic powered by Africa's internal capacities and driven by intra-African trade. The slogan "Africa for Africans," which served as a foundational pillar of Pan-Africanism since the establishment of the Organization of African Unity, was first proclaimed from Algiers. It is no coincidence that today's pursuit of African economic renewal is once again anchored in this land of resistance and revolutionary fervor. Through IATF 2025, Algeria reasserts its role as a strategic crossroads and a driving force behind autonomous continental development. President Tebboune's strategy is underpinned by a long-term vision: the diversification of the national economy, the intensification of African partnerships, and a firmly stated intention to break free from asymmetrical economic relations. This bold approach finds tangible expression in the organization of this Pan-African fair, which many experts view as a vital instrument for promoting commercial exchange across a market estimated at over $3 trillion. Algeria is mobilizing all necessary resources to ensure that the IATF 2025 becomes a benchmark event — a strategic turning point in Algeria's economic projection across the African continent, aligned with the aspirations of its peoples. By hosting this major gathering, Algiers is not merely assuming the role of host; it is actively translating into reality a shared vision for the future, grounded in enduring and robust trade relations. September 4 will mark far more than an economic or diplomatically symbolic occasion. Algiers will embody a collective determination to deepen economic cooperation, driven by political will, as reaffirmed by Mr. Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of Nigeria. Within a single week, Algiers will reconnect with its destiny as a great African capital, laden with historical significance and the enduring hope of African unity. At a time when the continent is seeking new foundations, the 4th Intra-African Trade Fair in Algiers emerges as a beacon of exchange, ambition and reciprocity. Source - Algerian Embassy in Addis Ababa END

By Samiya Mohammed The thunderclap of Trump’s Liberation Day tariffs has a tempest across Africa’s economic landscape. With rates soaring to 50% for Lesotho’s textiles, 47% for Madagascar’s vanilla, and 30% for South Africa’s autos, the policies crystallize a brutality of nations nurtured by AGOA’s duty-free access now face commercial exile from their largest Northern market. Within this turbulence lies a galvanizing truth: Africa’s survival hinges not on pleading for Western leniency but on accelerating its continental trade renaissance. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfFTA) emerges as a spearhead for structural sovereignty. Trump’s tariff architecture, basing rates on bilateral trade deficits divided by imports, betrays a grotesque illogic. Lesotho is among the most severely impacted countries in Africa. The country exports approximately 200 million USD in textiles to the United States, while importing only 3 million USD in return. With the introduction of the new reciprocal tariff system, Lesotho is confronted with tariffs as high as 50 percent on its exported goods. Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire are also encountering significant difficulties. Ghana has been subjected to a 10 percent tariff, whereas Côte d’Ivoire, recognized as an agricultural powerhouse exporting nearly 1 billion USD in cocoa to the United States, has faced a 21 percent duty. This mathematical cruelty ignores why deficits exist. Africa exports raw minerals exempt from tariffs, but faces punitive rates on value-added goods like apparel or processed cocoa, the very industries AGOA sought to nurture. Landlocked states like Botswana rely on South African ports. Tariffs on South Africa thus cascade regionally, fracturing supply chains like brittle glass. This challenge has escalated even though negotiations are currently taking place with the Trump administration. The World Trade Organization (WTO), which was created to promote a rules-based global trading system, appears to be concerned about this crisis. Its dispute resolution mechanism, which is fundamental to its effectiveness, is essentially weakened, obstructing its capacity to tackle trade disparities and protect the interests of member countries. This immobilization carries significant consequences for the global economy, potentially resulting in heightened trade tensions, retaliatory actions, and a deterioration of the core principles of international trade agreements. However, the organization is optimist about Africa. When Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the Director-General of the WTO, spoke at the opening plenary session of the 4th Finance for Development Conference in Seville this year, she remarked that developing nations, which had anticipated boosting export revenues to avert a decline in their balance of payments, are now faced with a disruption so significant that it contributes to financial instability. “This is why we have argued that least developed countries as a group, and Africa as a region, should be exempted from these reciprocal tariffs, so we can better integrate them into the world trading system, not further exclude them, so that they can stand a better chance to earn the resources with which to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals.” The call made by the head of the WTO is significant, as it may assist nations on the continent in negotiating according to the principle of reciprocity, grounded in the national interests of each country. However, Africans possess a wealth of opportunities within their own borders. These opportunities could potentially elevate the continent to a prominent position on the global political and economic stage, providing substantial leverage. Engaging in trade among themselves is crucial to alleviating the impending threat of the current global trade war. While appealing to Washington to consider exemptions for the poorest nations, Okonjo-Iweala said the continent must not wait for outside leniency. She said the message is simply that Africa must become more self-reliant. To achieve that, she emphasized the urgent need to mobilize domestic resources, streamline regulatory bottlenecks, and, above all, deepen intra-African trade, which currently accounts for only 16 percent to 20 percent of the continent’s commerce. Here is the remedy. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) encompassing 54 nations over 1.3 billion people is no longer a bureaucratic dream but an urgent lifeline. The effective execution of this agreement is anticipated to enhance intra-African trade and generate opportunities for Africa to industrialize and increase its competitiveness in the global market. As global trade fragments, Africa’s internal market projected to hit $3.4 trillion by 2030 becomes the ultimate insulator. Such synergies are latent. AfCFTA’s reduction of 90% intra-African tariffs makes them viable and urgent, as Chinese manufacturers, locked out of U.S. markets, may flood Africa with cheap goods, undercutting nascent industries. Bilateral pleas have failed. Lesotho’s delegations secured only partial tariff reductions South Africa’s White House meeting yielded symbolism, not salvation. Unity is non-negotiable. As AU Chair João Lourenço could broker a grand bargain duty-free access for U.S. firms to Africa’s booming consumer markets in exchange for tariff relief on African apparel and agro-processing. Simultaneously, Africa’s critical minerals 92% of Botswana’s exports, 81% of DRC’s grant leverage. The U.S. needs cobalt for EVs and platinum for hydrogen Africa need not surrender it cheaply. Trump’s tariffs are a searing indictment of global trade’s hypocrisy but also Africa’s historic fragmentation. The answer isn’t despair but defiance through integration. Implementation accelerants are critical. Pilot transactions between Kenya, Ghana, Egypt, and South Africa must scale from hundreds to millions of shipments. Lesotho’s textile workers deserve subsidies for retraining or factory pivots to regional markets. China’s offer of duty-free access to 53 African nations, excluding, must be leveraged, but cautiously avoiding new dependency traps. As Wamkele Mene, AfCFTA Secretary-General, declares, “No single market will survive alone. Our combined population is our power”. The tariff storm may rage, but within it, Africa plants the seeds of an irreversible economic emancipation. Let factories hum in Lagos for Addis consumers, let Congolese tech startups scale in Johannesburg hubs. When trade walls rise, continents that trade with themselves thrive. Africa’s moment is not coming; it is here, forged in the fire of unjust tariffs and seized by continental vision.

By Gosaye Feyisa   Launched by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in June 2019, Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative (GLI) has grown into one of the world’s largest reforestation efforts. With over 40 billion seedlings planted and a target of 54 billion by 2026, the initiative is reshaping Ethiopia’s landscapes and setting a powerful example for environmental restoration, climate resilience, and food security across the continent. In 2025 alone, Ethiopia targets the planting of 7.5 billion trees, continuing its nationwide mobilization involving government institutions, communities, youth, and international partners. Observers and policymakers increasingly recognize the initiative as a replicable model for African countries facing similar environmental threats. Nigeria’s VP: Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Is a Blueprint for Africa During a visit to Ethiopia in July 2025, Nigeria’s Vice President Kashim Shettima praised the Green Legacy Initiative as a bold and practical response to climate challenges, calling it a blueprint for Africa’s sustainable future. Speaking at the official launch of the 2025 campaign alongside Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Shettima noted Ethiopia’s remarkable progress and its aim to plant 7.5 billion seedlings this year alone. He highlighted that the initiative—having already planted 40 billion trees and created hundreds of thousands of green jobs—is an example of visionary leadership and climate action. Applauding Abiy Ahmed as an inspiring reformer, Shettima urged other African nations to follow Ethiopia’s lead. “The promise of Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is the dream of every nation. It is a lesson in vision, in purpose, and in audacity,” he said. Ethiopia Leading Africa’s Green Revolution Harsen Nyambe, Director of Sustainable and Blue Economy at the African Union Commission, called Ethiopia a beacon of hope. He emphasized that its large-scale tree-planting campaign supports the African Union’s Great Green Wall Initiative, which seeks to combat desertification in the Sahel and Horn of Africa. “The Green Legacy of Ethiopia is a very good example… there are a lot of countries who want to do what Ethiopia is doing. But they do not have the know-how,” Nyambe noted, encouraging Ethiopia to share its expertise. Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative proves that with political will and community mobilization, even arid regions can be transformed into green, productive landscapes. Youth Engagement: Securing Africa’s Environmental Future The African Youth Conference for Peace became a landmark moment for youth-led environmental action. Delegates from Uganda, Burundi, and the Eastern Africa Standby Force participated in tree-planting efforts and committed to replicating Green Legacy back home. Nkakaire Anthony, a youth from Uganda, shared: “One of the biggest lessons I am taking back home is ensuring every youth out there preaches the gospel of planting trees… The future of Africa is determined by what is happening in the current generation.” This grassroots engagement highlights the power of youth leadership and environmental education for long-term climate resilience. Regional Impact: The “Green Brotherhood” Grows South Sudan’s Ministry of Environment Undersecretary, Joseph Africano Bartel, noted that Ethiopia has provided saplings to South Sudan and Djibouti under the “Green Brotherhood” initiative. He stressed the urgency of adopting such strategies across the region to tackle climate change, secure food systems, and promote sustainable agriculture. “The effects of the environment will not wait for us… we must exploit and manage our natural resources in a sustainable manner,” Bartel said. Andres Gulwak of South Sudan praised Ethiopia’s integration of agriculture and reforestation: “Ethiopia has invested a lot in agriculture… it’s up to us, the neighboring countries, to adapt this.” Global Recognition and Climate Leadership International leaders have lauded Ethiopia’s efforts. Portuguese Foreign Minister João Gomes Cravinho encouraged others to emulate the GLI model, while the UNFCCC’s Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) recognized GLI’s role in climate action. “Afforestation is a key climate action. Ethiopia planting 600 million trees in a single day is huge. It is a good, worth-emulating initiative,” said LEG Chair Gabriel Kapaka. Linus Mofor of the UN Economic Commission for Africa emphasized GLI’s importance for strengthening hydropower systems and boosting food security through diversified tree planting, including fruit and cash crops. Food Security and Agricultural Transformation Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is closely tied to its broader agricultural transformation strategy. At the 2024 World Without Hunger Conference, leaders from Sierra Leone and Guinea praised Ethiopia’s achievements in agricultural reform and wheat production. Sierra Leone’s President Julius Maada Bio noted: “Ethiopia now exports wheat… that is a phenomenal job.” Guinea’s Prime Minister Mamadou Oury Bah stressed that the Green Legacy Initiative not only enhances climate resilience but also creates jobs for youth. He pledged to replicate Ethiopia’s approach, particularly in reforesting Guinea’s Fouta Djallon highlands—a critical water source for over 15 African countries. Key Lessons for African Nations Ethiopia’s Green Legacy provides key lessons for climate action and sustainable development across Africa. It shows the power of strong political will, mass mobilization, and youth engagement. By sharing knowledge, investing in drylands, integrating agroforestry with farming and uniting for climate finance, African nations can build a greener, more resilient future. In conclusion, Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is more than a tree-planting campaign—it’s a model for climate resilience, sustainable development, and African unity. As more nations express interest in adopting similar programs, Ethiopia is poised to lead a continent-wide green transformation.

Addis Ababa, August 1, 2025 (ENA) -- Ethiopia has once again made history with a one-day national tree planting campaign on Thursday, during which over 714 million seedlings were planted as part of the Green Legacy Initiative. Numerous global and continental media outlets have provided extensive coverage of this remarkable achievement. International media organizations, including The Washington Post, The Independent, Associated Press, Sputnik, Anadolu Agency, Star Tribune, LAS Vegas Sun, Africanews, and several others, reported that this single-day campaign is a component of Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative, an ambitious conservation effort aimed at planting 50 billion trees by 2026. These media outlets have characterized the event in various ways, particularly regarding its benefits in addressing the challenges posed by climate change, the participation of the general public, and the international acclaim it has been receiving. The Associated Press (AP) highlighted the active engagement of the general public in Thursday's one-day planting initiative. Thousands of public servants, children, and government officials, including Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, have been deployed throughout the East African country to participate in planting seedlings.   AP also spoke with residents in Addis Ababa. Almaz Tadu, a 72-year-old grandmother, brought her grandchildren to a tree planting event, saying it reunites her with neighbors. “I have come with my mother, and this is my third time planting trees,” said 13-year-old student Nathenael Behailu. “I dream of seeing a green environment for my country.” Another Addis Ababa resident, Ayanaw Asrat, said he has heeded the call for the last three years. “I came early and I have so far planted 15 seedlings. I am very happy to contribute to creating greener areas across Addis,” he said. This extensive report by AP has been shared by several international media outlets. East Leigh Voice – a Kenyan online news outlet and newspaper – praised the community effort to plant 700 million trees in a single day as part of the Green Legacy Initiative. This initiative is in line with Ethiopia's dedication to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially those focused on climate action and eradicating hunger, and aims to enhance resilience in a nation often impacted by drought and environmental decline.   The Africa News depicted the public mobilization witnessed in the Green Legacy Initiative. The images of grandmothers and schoolchildren planting side by side offer a powerful vision of environmental stewardship - one that Ethiopia hopes will grow as steadily as the millions of saplings taking root across its landscapes. The country's ambitious tree-planting campaign not only seeks to combat climate change but also to cultivate a legacy of ecological responsibility for generations to come, the African News argued. Business Insider Africa, for its part, lauded the Green Legacy Initiative of Ethiopia as it represents a significant step in the country's ongoing efforts to combat climate change, deforestation, and land degradation. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed initiated the project in 2019, and it has since expanded from a government-led program to a nationwide movement, with millions of civilians participating annually. Planting Hope for Future Generations The Weather Channel, from America, appreciated the participation of the general public in the campaign. The report said that in a powerful show of hope and environmental ambition. The bold reforestation effort is in service of the country's vision of a greener, more sustainable future. Residents came together to plant millions of new trees in a single day, hoping to build a more climate-resilient future one seedling at a time. The project, called Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative, has been personally championed by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. He took to social media this week, encouraging citizens across the country to dig in. And they did. Residents were seen grabbing shovels and seedlings, ready to contribute to the nationwide push.   The Weather Channel quoted the prime minister as saying, “This is more than just tree planting. It is a call to action for every citizen, young and old, urban and rural, to take part in restoring our environment, protecting our water sources, improving livelihoods, and securing a sustainable future for generations to come.” Excluding the seedlings being planted during this rainy season, the nation has far planted over 40 billion seedlings since 2019, with the ultimate goal of planting 50 billion trees by next year. With tools in hand and optimism in the air, Ethiopia is proving that even the most ambitious goals can take root when communities come together. Residents came together to plant millions of new trees in a single day, hoping to build a more climate-resilient future one seedling at a time, the report added. International Acclamation Anadolu News Agency reported that the Green Legacy Initiative has drawn international attention for its scale, with diplomats and foreign leaders participating annually. In the last days, heads of state and delegates attending the UN Food Systems Summit joined tree-planting events. Participants included Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, Kenyan President William Ruto and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud.   Xinhua, China News Agency, under its headline, Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative drives broader climate action, stated that Ethiopia is gaining momentum in its ecological restoration efforts. At the core of this drive is the Green Legacy Initiative, a homegrown tree-planting campaign launched in 2019 to address climate change, environmental degradation, and food security challenges at home and across the region. The government credits the Green Legacy Initiative with strengthening food security, particularly through the planting of fruit trees that contribute to household income, nutrition, and community resilience. The United Nations (UN) also recognized the Initiative’s contribution to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2, targeting zero hunger, through planting high-value fruit trees that enhance food availability. Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative also aligns with more global climate goals, including SDG 13, which urges urgent climate action. The UN has praised the initiative's "immense contribution" to adaptation efforts and its alignment with the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the African Union's Agenda 2063.   The Green Legacy Initiative is also inspiring regional action. Nigerian Vice President Kashim Shettima, who joined this year's tree-planting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's capital, hailed it as "an inclusive, impactful, and visionary model," urging African countries to follow Ethiopia's lead. Shettima also called the initiative a practical and inspiring response to the climate crisis, with wide-ranging benefits for land restoration, agricultural productivity, and job creation. Experts and policymakers argue that through the Green Legacy Initiative, Ethiopia is demonstrating that large-scale, nationally-led climate action is both achievable and essential for securing a stable future in the Horn of Africa and beyond, according to Xinhua.

Zelalem Yibeltal Addis Ababa, August 1, 2025 (ENA)—Ethiopia has long stood as a symbol of resilience and perseverance. Throughout its history, the country has faced adversity with unyielding resolve, transforming challenges into opportunities for growth. This enduring spirit is deeply rooted in the nation’s cultural fabric and is now manifesting in an ambitious and transformative environmental movement. The Green Legacy Initiative, launched in 2019 by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (PhD), has become a national symbol of unity, environmental restoration, and hope for future generations. With massive public participation and international recognition, Ethiopia is charting a bold path toward sustainable development. One of the most prominent reflections of Ethiopia’s collective spirit has always been its athletes. From the highlands of Oromia to the plateaus of Tigray and the valleys of the Southern Nations, Ethiopian athletes have carried the national flag to victory on global stages. More than medal-winners, they serve as embodiments of national pride, discipline, and unity. Their successes reflect a selfless commitment to collective glory over personal gain, a philosophy known locally as the "Green Flood." This ethos has now moved beyond sports and taken root in Ethiopia’s landscape through the Green Legacy Initiative. In its seventh year, the campaign reached an extraordinary milestone on July 31, 2025, when 714.7 million trees were planted across the country in a single day, exceeding the goal of 700 million. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, this historic feat involved the active participation of 27.7 million citizens, making it one of the largest mass mobilizations for environmental action in the world. This unprecedented campaign was more than a tree-planting event, it was a national movement. Much like its athletes, the people of Ethiopia came together in unity and determination, becoming environmental champions in the fight against climate change. African News described the campaign as a "green wave," lauding the sense of ownership and responsibility demonstrated by millions of Ethiopians. The Green Legacy Initiative is already delivering significant and measurable benefits. It is improving air quality and increasing oxygen levels, stabilizing regional climates, reducing drought and flood risks, restoring degraded soils, and enhancing water retention. These environmental improvements are contributing to higher agricultural productivity and improved food security, key pillars for building a sustainable and resilient economy. Beyond the ecological impact, the campaign has deepened national cohesion. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized that Ethiopia has proven its ability to “dream big and mobilize its people to achieve extraordinary goals.” The Green Legacy embodies a collective vision, a shared commitment to environmental renewal, national pride, and future prosperity. Ethiopia’s efforts have also resonated beyond its borders. At the 2025 campaign launch, Prime Minister Abiy gifted 4,000 seedlings to Nigerian Vice President Kashim Shettima, who reciprocated with 2,000 cashew seedlings and over 100,000 seeds. This symbolic exchange reflects Ethiopia’s commitment to Pan-African solidarity and regional cooperation in addressing environmental challenges. Moreover, the Green Legacy aligns closely with the African Union’s Agenda 2063, which calls for a prosperous, green, and climate-resilient Africa. Ethiopia’s contributions to reforestation and sustainable agriculture are not only benefitting its own citizens but also providing a model for continental environmental stewardship. At the recent UN Food Systems Summit held in Addis Ababa, Prime Minister Abiy proudly announced that over 46 billion trees had been planted in just four years. The announcement was met with widespread acclaim, and global leaders joined the prime minister in planting trees as a symbolic act of solidarity. As of today, Ethiopia has planted more than 48 billion trees, with a goal of reaching 50 billion by 2026. Ethiopia’s Green Legacy is far more than a national campaign, it is a movement of historical and environmental significance. By combining traditional values of unity and resilience with modern environmental action, Ethiopia is creating a legacy for sustainable development rooted in community mobilization and shared vision. Through bold leadership and widespread citizen participation, the nation is not only greening its landscape but also planting seeds of hope, resilience, and unity that will bear fruit for generations to come. As the world grapples with the effects of climate change, Ethiopia’s green wave stands as a powerful reminder of what can be achieved when a nation unites around a common purpose.

By A Staff Writer Addis Ababa, July 31, 2025 (ENA) -- Launched in June 2019 by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia’s Green Legacy Initiative aims to restore degraded land, expand forest cover, and mitigate the effects of climate change throughout the country. In an exciting development, millions of Ethiopians from all walks of life have united today in a historic nationwide tree-planting campaign, aiming to set a new milestone by planting 700 million saplings in 12 hours. In this regard, over 7.5 billion seedlings are set to be planted nationwide this year. Up until last Friday, the nation had already planted 5.5 billion seedlings all over the country. Ethiopia’s 2025 tree planting campaign has been themed “Renewal Through Planting.” Over the past few years, the nation has emerged as one of Africa's most fascinating stories of environmental resurrection. The nation has successfully planted 40 billion seedlings over the past six years, a feat that has garnered international praise as a model to be replicated in other regions of the globe. Launching the Green Legacy Initiative in 2019, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described his vision of planting seedlings as: "We are not just planting trees; we are planting seeds of a new mindset. A mindset that's sustainable, regenerative, and legacy." One of the features of the Green Legacy is its annual nationwide one-day national planting campaign that engages millions of citizens across the country in a coordinated effort. The initiative has started registering new milestone by planting millions of seedlings in 12 hours. During the inaugural year, 350 million seedlings were planted, while last year saw an increase to 615.7 million with 29.1 million citizens participating in the mass planting event. As a result of Ethiopia’s successful tree planting over the years in a row, the nation’s forest cover rebounded from 17.2 percent in 2019 to 23.6 percent last year. The green initiative is not just a tree program; however, it has evolved as a national movement with a wide base. Ministries, schools, universities, civic and religious associations, the armed forces, and diaspora communities are all actively engaged. Urban and rural people of all ages and in all walks of life collaborate, held together by a shared vision of a green Ethiopia. There are youths who grow seedlings in thousands of nurseries and provide saplings annually; generating economic benefits in addition to environmental advantages. The GLI has thus become a cultural movement, mainstreaming environmental awareness into the social fabric of the country. The GLI will further build its complementarity with climate-resilient agriculture, biodiversity corridors, urban greening, and eco-industrial development. Green ecological infrastructure is being increasingly invested in through public finance, increasing long-term sustainability. To mitigate growing climate change threats, such as deforestation, land degradation, nations are adopting sustainable forest development. Ethiopia’s green Legacy initiative is instrumental in achieving ecosystem rehabilitation, conservation of biodiversity, lower carbon emissions, and improved livelihoods. Ethiopia's GLI is a perfect example of this global phenomenon in that it provides an inspiring combination of environmental vision, national mobilization, and action towards transformative change. Over the past six years, the Green Legacy Initiative has become more than a national tree-planting drive. It has transformed landscapes, helped to restore degraded lands, and strengthened Ethiopia’s climate resilience. In doing so, it has also cultivated a strong culture of civic engagement. The sight of millions of people planting trees, young and old, in cities and the countryside has created a powerful narrative of shared responsibility and national renewal. This decentralization has ensured that the Green Legacy is not a top-down initiative, maintaining a popular sense of environmental stewardship. The initiative has placed Ethiopia among global leaders in reforestation and environmental restoration. More importantly, when is rooted in the national development ideal and collective resolve. The GLI has unequivocally established Ethiopia as a global leader in reforestation and environmental restoration. It's a testament to what can be achieved when environmental action is deeply rooted in national identity and collective resolve.

By Alice Ruhweza As the world assembles for the UN Food Systems Summit in Addis Ababa this week, we confront a simple but profound invitation not merely to reflect on four years of progress since 2021, but to fundamentally rethink how we finance, produce, and govern agri-food systems. This is because, from the intensive discussions on nutrition in Paris during the Nutrition for Growth Summit in March to the recent International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4) in Seville, and now, the sobering data of the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) report, the message is unmistakable: we must change and the time for change is now. The SOFI 2025 report offers both warning and nuance. While hunger begun receding in Southern Asia and Latin America, food insecurity worsened in both rural and urban Africa between 2022 and 2024. The global gender gap in food insecurity narrowed from 2021 to 2023 only to widen again in 2024, leaving women disproportionately exposed to malnutrition. Conflict, climate volatility, and post-Covid inflation have combined to erode hard-won gains, casting a long shadow over our pursuit of SDG 2 - ending hunger. These mixed signals demand clarity: Africa is not on track, and without decisive action, vulnerability will deepen across the continent. Because of these challenges, we have to continue making the case for agri-food systems. What does this actually mean? To me, it means calling for courage from donors, multilateral lenders, and investors to rethink risk, unlock catalytic capital, and shift away from short-term projects toward long-term, systemic financing. It means embracing unconventional tools like concessional finance, blended models, pay-for-results frameworks, and payments for ecosystem service (PES) among other novel ideas. It also means financing food systems through cross-sector channels, including health, climate, and social protection because food systems is not a silo, but the very infrastructure of resilience. Most crucially, it means putting farmers and food producers, especially young people, at the center of the conversation. I am convinced that agri-food systems must become an active driver of our food security and nutrition sufficiency transformation, not a passive recipient of aid. If centered in policy and resourced effectively, it will catalyze economic growth, unlock livelihood improvements, and simultaneously deliver on climate and nutrition goals. It is where climate action meets healthy diets, where dignified employment meets rural renewal, and where innovation meets inclusion for women and youth. In Africa, this synergy is not a distant aspiration; it is an imperative for survival and prosperity. At AGRA, with our two decades experience co-designing African solutions to sustainably raise farmers’ productivity and connecting them to a growing marketplace, we continuously embrace what has worked while evolving new ideas. Our work with researchers, donors, African governments, the private sector and civil society has seen SMEs thrive, digital and nature-based solutions scaled, and tangible results realized through increased smallholder productivity, reduction in post-harvest, and emergence of new market opportunities. For example, AGRA has facilitated 42 policy reforms across 11 focus countries thereby reducing approval times from between 8-10 years to between 3-5 years. In Tanzania, 2017 fertilizer regulations centralized oversight, increasing trade by 47 per cent and reducing prices by between 10-40 per cent. AGRA supported 10 National Agricultural Investment Plans (NAIPs) and 10 flagship programs, mobilizing US$1.4 billion, including US$400 million from governments. In Kenya, the 2019 Seed Act expanded certified seed access for 2.5 million farmers. These policy reforms unlocked US$1.5 billion in public budgets. Ethiopia’s extension system trained 70,000 agents; serving 15 million farmers while Nigeria’s revived state councils secured US$5 million in investments. But too often, these successes cannot be scaled, sustained or replicated across countries not for lack of innovation, but financing. Regrettably, as we seek to accelerate progress, finance is unwinding in the opposite direction. Official development assistance from G7 donors has fallen by nearly 28 percent since 2021, while debt burdens in low and middle-income countries have surged, constraining fiscal space for essential investments. Globally, it will take US$1.2 to US$1.4 trillion a year to transform global agrifood systems, just 1% of global GDP. That’s a fraction of the US$12 trillion we’re already losing annually to the hidden costs of poor health, environmental degradation, and inequality. The case for action is clear: responsible investment could unlock US$4.5 trillion in new business opportunities each year. These estimates, captured in the Global Donor Platform for Rural Development’s 2025 White Paper on Financing Agrifood Systems, a process to which AGRA is proud to have contributed, reminds us that the issue isn’t a shortage of capital, but whether we choose to deploy it where it matters most. Ultimately, if stakeholders are serious about transforming Africa’s agri-food systems, they must also get serious about financing her people and harness their creativity. The question before us in Addis Ababa is clear: will we seize this moment to mobilize the capital, creativity, and courage required to build the food systems that Africa and the world urgently needs? ====== Alice Ruhweza is President of AGRA, an African-led organization focused on putting farmers at the centre of our continent’s growing economy.

By A Staff Writer Addis Ababa, July 26, 2025 (ENA) Ethiopia has made relentless efforts to ensure its food sovereignty over the last seven years. The country achieved significant accomplishments in its desires of food sovereignty. It was based this milestone that Ethiopia was chosen to host the Second UN Food Systems Summit Stocktake (UNFSS+4), from July 27–29, 2025 in Addis Ababa. In this regard, this article elucidates Ethiopia's agricultural success stories hereunder: Ethiopia has experienced a stunning agricultural revolution that has earned it a status of one of Sub-Saharan Africa's best tales of self-sufficiency. Ethiopia has embarked on transforming its agriculture to rebrand itself as a self-food sufficient nation. This policy shift has been implemented with bold government programs and policies that seek to boost agricultural productivity and break reliance on food imports. Ethiopia initiated cluster wheat farming through irrigation, registering impressive outcomes. This national flagship program has revolutionized wheat cultivation in the country, with select seed varieties, and embracing new farming practices. This strategic initiative has transitioned the country from a wheat-importing nation to a wheat self-sufficient and exporting nation. Between 2019 and 2025, Ethiopia has not only addressed its wheat import gap but also become a net exporter of wheat. It did so as a result of a convergence of infrastructure development, participatory governance, and climate-resilient agriculture, coherent policies, and farmer and institution-level perseverance. A critical benchmark was set in 2019 when the Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda was launched, which put agriculture as largest sector for employment and economic backbone-- a prime driver of production and productivity. Pointing out this national milestone to the House of People’s Representatives during budget approval session for 2018 Ethiopian Fiscal Year, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed noted that Ethiopia has become the largest wheat producer in Africa after Egypt, stressing the government's steadfast push for food security and economic independence. The government's economic transformational plan is multi-faceted. The mainstay of the economy is agriculture, whose production and productivity has increased through irrigation schemes over the last seven years. Ethiopia's Ministry of Agriculture announced that a remarkable achievement for the 2016/17 Ethiopian crop year (2024/2025) harvested 290 million quintals of wheat through extensive winter and summer irrigation. This impressive result underscores the nation's commitment to bolstering domestic production and reducing reliance on imports. Minister of Agriculture Girma Amente emphasized that this accomplishment is a testament to Ethiopia's overarching strategy to substitute imported goods with homegrown produce and noted substantial progress, particularly in wheat cultivation since the launch of the National Wheat Initiative by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. According to the minister, the current year's production represents an increase of 60 million quintals compared to the previous season, demonstrating the effectiveness of these efforts. Further illustrating the impact of the government's focused irrigation initiatives, the 2025 crop season production alone saw 3.5 million hectares of land cultivated, yielding an impressive 140 million quintals of wheat. By 2024, Ethiopia irrigated 2.9 million hectares, in Afar, Oromia, Amhara, and others regions. The government's irrigation schemes allowed farmers to grow crops year-round, sidestepping seasonal uncertainties. Simultaneously, the country engaged with international agricultural research institutions to develop and share high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties suitable for the diverse agro-ecological zones. Mechanized agriculture has also improved significantly. In addition, Ethiopia is developing climate-resilient agriculture proactively. Environment-friendly and eco-agriculture-friendly policies involve duty-free importation of over 400 types of farm machinery, reducing farmers' expenses. Drip and sprinkler irrigation, conservation tillage, composting, agroforestry, and crop-livestock mixed systems are saving water and increasing yields, particularly in drought-affected areas. "Ye Lemat Turufat" (Bounty of the Basket) and the "Green Legacy Initiative" are at the center of achieving food sovereignty. They aim to increase food production, afforestation, and conservation. Apart from that, efforts towards diversification of farm production with a focus on high-value crops such as fruits, vegetables, pulses, and oilseeds are improving household income, nutrition, and food security. Digital technology has also been utilized in favor of farmers. Ethiopia had rolled out its National Agricultural Digitalization Strategy by 2024, enabling mobile advisory services, smart input distribution systems, and real-time data-based solutions for weather and pest alerts. These technologies enabled precision guidance, particularly in arid regions like Somali and Afar. Cluster farming and cooperative strategies are instrumental to facilitate economies of scale, joint inputs, and better access to markets, leveraging greater coordination, technology uptake, and linkage of smallholders into competitive value chains. A ten-year agricultural development strategy, transformational institutional reforms and firm policy support have reinforced the transformation. Land use reforms, greater rural finance, and improved extension services have made a significant contribution to the continuity and structural alignment to the agricultural transformation endeavors. Ethiopia's resource endowment significantly underpins its self-reliance targets. The country has immense hectares of arable land, favorable climate, and abundant water resources in various agro-ecological zones. This implies that multiple cultivation can be conducted, ranging from staple cereals like teff, maize, wheat, and sorghum to export crops like coffee and important legumes and oilseeds. The country has tremendous potential for meat and dairy production, and leather products. Above all, agricultural output is aided by the efforts of millions of smallholder farmers, who form the pillar of the nation's food security. What is particularly noteworthy about the agricultural revolution in Ethiopia is not the sheer magnitude of output but the depth and breadth of the change, across the system. The change has been facilitated by leadership, powered by innovation and broadened participation. Minister Girma Amente described the government reform as “The reform has changed the complexion of agriculture by increasing mechanization, promoting cluster farming, and opening opportunities for year-round cultivation. These reforms have turned food self-sufficiency into a real and replicable phenomenon." All told, Ethiopia's agrarian leap can be considered as a model for food self-sufficiency in the continent. It’s shift from a nation that grappled with food insecurity to a role model of agricultural self-sufficiency is a testament to the power of visionary leadership and collective effort of the government. Through bold government initiatives like the Irrigated Wheat Initiative, the transformation showcases the success of an integrated approach that emphasizes climate-resilient agriculture, farmer-centric policies, and institutional reforms. Given the vast agricultural potential with the adoption of data-led development and smallholder empowerment, Ethiopia is poised to champion a compelling model for sustainable food sovereignty in Africa and beyond.

By Girma Mirgisa In 2011, a dream took root on the banks of the Blue Nile; a dream so audacious, so improbable, that skeptics dismissed it as fantasy. But to millions of Ethiopians, it was not only possible; it was personal. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) began not as a blueprint on paper, but as a spark of hope in the hearts of ordinary people. It was a vision forged not in corporate boardrooms or foreign banks, but in the glow of kerosene lamps and the dusty courtyards of rural homes. I was a university student at the time, and I remember my childhood in Nono Sekala, a remote village in Oromia, where electricity was an unheard-of luxury. I studied by the dim, smoky light of a kerosene lamp; my dreams of education clouded by the literal and symbolic darkness of energy poverty. One evening, my father said something that would shape my life: “One day, you will have light. But to reach that day, we must all give what we can to help build the Renaissance Dam.” He had just heard a radio broadcast urging Ethiopians to contribute. I was still a teenager then, but I managed to find 50 birr and donated it proudly. That 50 birr felt as significant as a thousand, not due to its financial worth, but because of what it symbolized: faith. Thanks to my family’s support, I was able to complete my education and pursue a career in journalism, dedicated to writing and sharing the stories behind this historic mega-dam. As a young adult, I purchased GERD bonds three times and eventually had the opportunity to visit the dam many times in person. A People's Dam: Unity in Action The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam was never just an energy project. It became a national movement one of sacrifice, unity, and defiance. No international loans or other forms of financial supports were involved. Farmers, teachers, laborers, merchants, students, and diaspora communities all gave what they could. Bonds were bought, songs were sung, and hope became a national currency. Many doubted us. Financial institutions pulled out. Pundits scoffed at the idea of a low-income nation constructing one of Africa’s largest hydroelectric dams. But they underestimated one powerful force: the collective will of the Ethiopian people. GERD now spans the mighty Abbay River (Blue Nile), standing as one of the most significant infrastructure achievements on the continent. It has already begun to light homes, power industries, and most importantly ignite a sense of ownership and pride in millions. GERD is not just about electricity; it is about transformation. Over 600 million people in Africa still live without power. GERD challenges that reality by providing clean, renewable energy not only to Ethiopia, but also to neighboring countries such as Sudan, Djibouti, and Kenya. It turns a river once seen as a source of tension into a current of cooperation and shared growth. This is energy diplomacy in motion an interconnected Africa driven by shared prosperity, not foreign dependence. Green Power, Bold Future In a world battling climate change, GERD stands as a rare example of sustainability born from necessity rather than abundance. Ethiopia, one of the countries least responsible for global emissions, is choosing to lead the green transition. By replacing carbon-intensive fuels with hydropower, GERD reduces emissions, protects forests, and promotes environmental resilience. Rural households once dependent on firewood now have access to clean electricity. Women and children no longer spend hours collecting fuel. GERD, through clean energy, is reshaping not only the environment but also daily life, gender roles, and opportunity. It aligns with global climate goals, including the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals; particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action); positioning Ethiopia not just as a recipient of aid, but as a leader in climate action. Africa’s Vision in Action GERD is not a solitary achievement; it is a continental signal flare. It embodies the ambitions of Agenda 2063, the African Union’s blueprint for a prosperous, integrated, and self-reliant Africa. It speaks the language of this vision: homegrown solutions, infrastructure-led growth, and pan-African cooperation. As African nations work together to build railways, digital corridors, and industrial zones, GERD offers a model for what self-financed, people-powered mega-projects can achieve. It proves that Africa can finance its dreams not with debt, but with determination. From the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) to cross-border energy trading, the continent is weaving itself into a stronger, more resilient whole. GERD stands as a cornerstone in this architecture. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is more than a feat of engineering; it is a monument to belief. It is a symbol of what is possible when people; no matter their means; unite behind a common purpose. Every drop of water that flows through its turbines whispers back to those smoky nights in villages like mine. Every spark of light it generates is a tribute to the millions who chose hope over doubt and action over despair. Reflecting on my journey—from a boy squinting under the dim glow of a flickering flame to a journalist standing in the shadow of a monumental dam—I am now privileged to tell the story of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. What lies before me is more than a network of power lines and transformers. As it nears full operational capacity and approaches its final ribbon closure, the GERD stands tall as a sovereign landmark—an enduring testament to Ethiopia’s unwavering commitment to self-reliance, unity, and the pursuit of transformative national development. GERD is my story. It’s Ethiopia’s story. It’s Africa’s story.

By Gezmu Edecha "How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother, let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when you yourself fail to see the log in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye." These famous verses of the Bible came to my mind as I watched while Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki was delivering his recent two-hour press conference. He stood before the cameras—not to reflect on the suffering of his people, nor to offer a vision for the future—but to wax philosophical rhetoric about global politics. It was a surreal moment, a president pontificating about world affairs while his own nation has been suffocating throughout his rule. When journalists pressed him for answers about Eritrea itself, he waved them off “No time now.” That response said everything. Throughout Afeworki’s rule, Eritrea has never reflected the views of its people. ‘‘Afeworki’s Eritrea’’—is a land of closed borders, closed mouths, and closed futures. In Eritrea, there is no constitution. No elections. No free press. No executive accountability. The country is held hostage under a single man’s grip. Afeworki’s claims the authority to criticize others while silencing dissent, crushing generations, building a de facto slave economy through endless conscription. But on what moral ground does he stand? How can a leader who has done so little for his own people cast judgment on governments striving—however imperfect—they expended efforts to uplift their people? Afeworki’s Eritrea Fiasco I remember the early days of Eritrean independence—how full of pride and possibility the people were. The vision was bold: Eritrea as the “Singapore of Africa,” a clean, efficient, and disciplined country that would rise from the Red Sea coast as a model for post-colonial development. Eritreans had paid sacrifice enormously for that independence, and the world watched with admiration. It wasn’t an empty dream. The Eritrean people are creative, resilient, and fiercely hardworking. They are known for their discipline, their love of country, and their drive to build. Only when their government honored those virtues—Eritrea could have stood shoulder to shoulder with the continent’s rising stars. Instead, that potential was betrayed. Under Isaias’s leadership, Eritrea has become a garrison state. Not metaphorically—but literally. Young Eritreans are conscripted into endless “national service,” draining the vision, dreams, creativity and aspirations of the Eritrean youth in particular and people in general. Eritreans had dreams prior to independence—freedom, democracy, development, dignity, and the likes. Afeworki has put the fate of “ his Eritrea” into a fiasco! An Anecdote of Escape I once met a young Eritrean named Selam in Addis Ababa, who escaped after years in Sawa. Her crime? Being an Evangelical Christian who frequently love to pray. That choice of her simply turned into two months of solitary confinement—and a lifetime decision to flee her homeland. “I didn’t leave Eritrea to chase money,” she told me. “I left because I wanted to be treated as a human being.” She walked for days through the desert, was held by traffickers in Sudan, and finally reached Ethiopia. Selam is just one among hundreds of thousands of Eritrean youths. Every year, It’s a horrific experience that Eritrea’s brightest students who have visions for their country and family off on a perilous journey across deserts and seas. Many drown in the Mediterranean, perish in Libyan prisons, or vanish along smuggler routes. ”Afeworki’s Eritrea” has led the youths to end up in deserts and seas! If not for Isaias’s iron-fisted rule, Eritrea’s young lives would not be lost. Those minds would not be perished. Worst of all, Afeworki dos not have any articulated policy—economic nor political for its people! Conversely, Ethiopia Is Rising Just across the borders, Ethiopia tells a very different story—one of struggle, yes, but also of momentum and reinvention. While Isaias’s Eritrea remains frozen in fear, Ethiopia has emerged as one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies. From the massive GERD dam to the Green Legacy reforestation campaign, from joining BRICS to liberalizing its markets, Ethiopia is not just moving—it is leaping forward. More than three million jobs were created in just two years. Ethiopia has built roads, railways, industrial parks, and launched a digital transformation initiative aimed at delivering services transparently. The private sector is growing, university students are graduating, and free elections—despite challenges—have become a reality. This is not to say Ethiopia is perfect. But the difference with “ Afeworki’s Eritrea is sky high. While Eritreans are fleeing to escape endless conscription, Ethiopians are returning from the diaspora to invest in businesses, teach in universities, or simply be part of the momentum. Let’s not pretend this contrast is coincidental. It is not the fault of the Eritrean people that their country has plummeted. Addis Ababa is booming. It is not the fault of Eritrean youth that they are scattered across refugee camps and detention centers in Europe, Israel, and Sudan. Afeworki’s Eritrea—a country captivated by one man’s rule—a fiasco. While Ethiopia generates clean energy, Eritrea generates fear; Ethiopia opens its borders for investment, Afeworki transfers arms, Ethiopian invests in its youths, while Eritrean youths still fleeing in mass where most of them sad to tell are drowning in seas and oceans. Today, nearly a million Eritreans live outside their country. In Ethiopia alone, over 700,000 Eritrean refugees have found shelter and hope. This is not migration. This is exodus. But how many Ethiopians live in Eritrea? Almost none! Afeworki - the Region’s Sole Exporter of Insecurity Eritrea's tragedy under Afeworki is not only a national issue—it is a regional one. For three decades, Isaias Afewerki has been the Horn of Africa’s chief exporter of insecurity. From his long conflict with Ethiopia, his antagonism toward Djibouti, his interference in Somalia and Sudan, to his ongoing refusal to engage diplomatically, his leadership has destabilized the very region. Imagine a different path, if Eritrea were a constructive player, it would built a Red Sea trade corridors, would deepen ties with Ethiopia, and create jobs across borders. Instead, the region has had to spend its energy managing antagonism and destruction orchestrated by Afeworki. The Way Forward There is hope for Eritrean people. Eritrea’s strategic position, its rich culture, and its disciplined population still offer enormous promise—if liberated from Afeworki’s grip. With peace and integration, Eritrea could become exactly what it once dreamed of being: a gateway to Africa, a logistics hub, a vibrant Red Sea power. Peace with Ethiopia is not a threat—it is the path forward. A common interest, shared energy, shared ports and shared dignity. If Assab port revived as a regional port, Ethiopian and Eritrean youths would engage in startups together, if Eritrea exported power from Ethiopia’s GERD, these would leverage both Ethiopia and Eritrea to prosper. All of this is possible. But not under Afeworki’s whims. Eritrean People Deserve Honour The Eritrean people are not broken. They are not silent by nature—they have been silenced. They are not poor by fate—they have been impoverished by policy. Their future is not gone—it is simply waiting for a leader who will unlock it. The world must stop looking at Eritrea as a failed state. It is not just a failed state. It is captivated state—one whose potential has been hijacked by a man who rules not for progress, but for repressive. As Ethiopia rises and the Horn transforms, the world must listen not to the voice of Afeworki—but to the whisper of millions of Eritreans like Selam. That is what made Isaias Afewerki’s latest press conference so tragic—and so telling. For two long hours, he lectured the world about geopolitics, history, and philosophy. But he never dared to look his people in the eye. Never did he address even once the endless exile of Eritrean youths. Never once spoke of hope, because he has none to offer. In the end, his words floated into the air—detached, defensive, and ultimately futile. A total fiasco! And when the cameras turned off, the exodus continued. Note: The views expressed in this op-ed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ENA.