CFA Agreement Monumental Shift on Nile Geopolitics

Henok Tadele Haile

In a monumental leap forward for the nations sharing the Nile, the Agreement on the Nile River Basin Framework (CFA) officially entered into force on October 13, 2024. This pivotal moment, heralded by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, signifies not only a historic triumph for Ethiopia but also a transformative opportunity for all riparian states striving for equitable and sustainable management of the Nile, the lifeblood of millions.

The CFA is much more than a diplomatic agreement; it embodies the dreams and sacrifices of the Ethiopian people, who have poured their meager resources into the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). In a country where the average income is low, this national project has galvanized support from individuals who believe in a brighter future. When international financial institutions hesitated, it was ordinary Ethiopians who stepped up, financing the dam through bonds and direct contributions.

Among these contributors is Woubshet Asefa, who had been facing terminal illness made the heartfelt decision to bequeath 100,000 USD to the GERD from his deathbed. Woubshet's story epitomizes the spirit of sacrifice that many Ethiopians have demonstrated for a project they see as vital for their nation's development and energy independence. Similarly, Hailu Tadese, in a final act of commitment to his homeland, left 10 percent of his wealth before he died, amounting to 143,500 Birr, to the GERD, reinforcing the idea that this project transcends mere infrastructure; it symbolizes hope and unity for an entire nation.

Millions of Ethiopians have pledged a month's salary or made significant contributions to the GERD, highlighting a national spirit of resilience. This project, now nearing completion, has already begun generating electricity and is poised to operate at full capacity in the coming year, promising to illuminate homes and empower industries across Ethiopia.

As Prime Minister Abiy stated a few days ago, “Today marks a historic milestone in our collective efforts to foster genuine cooperation in the Nile Basin.” 

The CFA lays the groundwork for establishing the Nile River Basin Commission, which will operate independently, ensuring that all voices are heard in discussions affecting millions.

The new framework emphasizes equitable and reasonable utilization of the Nile’s waters. It establishes a critical shift in the balance of power, allowing upper riparian states like Ethiopia to play a significant role in determining the future of the river. In this new age, those who have historically contributed the least will no longer dictate the terms of development for those who bear the burden of upstream resource management.

Prime Minister Abiy has called for non-signatory states, particularly Egypt and Sudan, to join this historic initiative. “Let us achieve our shared goals of development and regional integration,” he urged, emphasizing that cooperation is essential for unlocking the Nile's potential. By becoming members of the CFA, Egypt and Sudan stand to benefit significantly. With a commitment to collaborative resource management, all Nile Basin countries can engage in projects that enhance water security, agricultural productivity, and energy generation, fostering stability and mutual growth.

The principles enshrined within the CFA prioritize sustainable development, equitable resource management, and transparent data sharing—elements crucial for building trust among nations. As the CFA goes into operation, it represents a clarion call for a future grounded in collaboration and shared prosperity. The agreement is not merely a political document; it is a foundation for a new regional paradigm where dialogue and cooperation replace conflict and unilateralism.

As we embrace this transformative moment, it is vital to recognize that the Nile is not just a river; it is a lifeblood that unites us all. The stories of individual sacrifices, like those of Woubshet and Hailu, remind us that the future of the Nile depends on our collective commitment to cooperation and understanding. 

This is a time for solidarity and partnership, a pathway to a shared destiny where all nations can thrive together. The Nile’s waters can flow harmoniously, fostering peace, development, and unity across the region. The CFA stands as a beacon of hope and a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Ethiopian people who have invested so much in its promise. Together, we can build a future where every country in the Nile Basin contributes to and benefits from the rich resources that flow through this ancient river.