By Rahel Abebe Mekonnen At the invitation of the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and coordinated by the Embassy of Finland in Addis Ababa, I recently had the extraordinary opportunity to visit Finland. This remarkable journey brought together journalists from across Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal, Mozambique, and Zambia. Of all countries that I visited, Finland is a country of many remarkable features that left an indelible impression on me. Known as ‘the Land of thousand Lakes’, it captivates visitors with its natural beauty—75 percent of its land is still covered by pristine forests. Home to approximately five and a half million people, Finland stands as one of Europe's wealthiest nations. Located in Northern Europe, this Nordic gem has been named the happiest country in the world by the United Nations for eight consecutive years, a distinction that became increasingly clear to me during my stay. The Magic of Endless Light During Finland's daylight saving time (roughly from late March to late October), Finland and Ethiopia share the same time zone (UTC+3), which made my adjustment easier upon arrival. However, while I usually research thoroughly before traveling to foreign countries, nothing quite prepared me for the unusual glow of the sun when we stepped out for dinner on our first evening - it felt more like breakfast time. For us Africans, accustomed to eating dinner after dark, the idea of a late dinner while the sun still graces the sky is not only strange but almost unheard of. I had previously experienced long summer days in Spain, where the sun didn't set until nearly midnight, but what I witnessed in Finland was entirely different. Here, the sun seems reluctant to give way to the moon. Summer evenings are characterized not by artificial lights, but by natural sunlight - literally like midday. The night remains bright, the sky never truly darkens, and a new day begins before the previous one has fully faded. How extraordinary this was for us Africans, especially those of us who come from near the equator. The colorful northern lights that grace Finland's skies during certain times of the year represent one of the country's most stunning natural highlights, adding to the magical quality of this Nordic wonderland. Nature in Its Purest Form As a nature lover, I was deeply moved by what I witnessed in Finland. Without exaggeration, I saw nature preserved in its purest form. The country's remarkably clean air serves as clear evidence of this exceptional environmental stewardship. My admiration began moments after arrival. While being driven approximately 15 kilometers from the airport to our hotel, I was surprised by the city's greenery and the landscape's lushness. During my stay, I confirmed with my own eyes that much of Finland's land is indeed covered by forests and water bodies, creating a harmonious and unspoiled environment. Walking through the beautiful forests in and around Helsinki, Finland's capital, even the ground spoke of the land's richness. The earth was not only a testament to the area's fertility but felt soft and springy beneath our feet - each gentle crack underfoot serving as a quiet reminder of nature's abundance.   Helsinki: A Capital of Grace and Space In Helsinki, the Senate and Kansalaistori Squares hold the same prominence as Addis Ababa's Arat Killo and Sidist Killo squares. These squares are surrounded by key landmarks, including the Presidential Palace, the University of Helsinki, the Parliament, the National Library, and the iconic Helsinki Cathedral. Like many European cities, Helsinki is renowned for its beautiful and architecturally impressive low-rise buildings. The city feels open and spacious, thanks in part to its relatively small population. Roads are paved with a combination of asphalt and traditional cobblestone, accommodating modern vehicles, public buses, and electric trains. For someone unfamiliar with European cities, it's easy to mistake cobblestone roads for sidewalks - I remember being surprised in Italy when I found myself unknowingly walking in the middle of a driveway. Natural Treasures and National Symbols Finland's natural beauty is immediately apparent, reflected in its national symbols. The silver-barked Finnish Silver Birch tree and the brown bear! Beyond its wildlife, Finland's forests are home to various edible plants, including wild strawberries and mushrooms that grow between the tall trees. While Finland boasts many different types of strawberries that aren't available year-round, it's common during the growing season to see people venturing into the woods with empty baskets and returning with freshly picked wild berries. Though Finland is known as the Land of Thousands of Lakes, it actually has over 180,000 of these pristine water bodies, which rank among the country's most treasured natural resources. One aspect I appreciated most was the clean, unprocessed natural spring water offered everywhere to everyone. In Finland, bottled or factory-produced water is rarely used. Instead, pure, natural spring water flows straight from the tap - fresh, cold, and incredibly delicious. What a truly refreshing experience! Cultural Connections and Ancient Wisdom The Finnish people demonstrate deep respect for culture and heritage, particularly in their connection to nature. I was fascinated to discover that myths and legends often associated with trees and animals are told in Finland, much like in many parts of Africa. These stories are closely tied to nature and are believed to explain the origins of certain traditions and natural phenomena. The Sauna Experience One day during our visit, we traveled to Nuuksio National Park, a place of extraordinary natural beauty. After a peaceful walk through towering trees, we were invited to enjoy a traditional Finnish sauna followed by a swim - an essential part of Finnish culture. Interestingly, "sauna" is said to be the only Finnish word found in the English dictionary. The sauna, now found worldwide especially in luxury hotels, is said to have originated in Finland and remains such an integral part of daily life that Finns often joke there are more saunas in the country than registered cars. We African journalists gladly accepted the invitation and participated in this refreshing and uniquely Finnish experience. When the heat inside the sauna becomes intense, especially when wrapped in leaves, those who can swim plunge into the cold natural lake just outside. Those who cannot swim cool off by simply dipping themselves in the water before returning to the sauna. It's a unique and invigorating contrast- truly a different kind of experience.   Diplomatic Connections and Unexpected Discoveries The main coordinator of our visit was Anna Lamila, a diplomat with 35 years of experience who has represented Finland in several countries and currently serves as Ambassador-at-Large for Strategic Communications at the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She is a wonderful communicator who looks like a 35-year-old woman despite her 35 years of work experience. One day, she affectionately called me by my grandfather's name, Mekonnen. "Did you know your name is Finnish?" she asked with a smile. "Are you related to us?" I replied, "I am definitely Ethiopian." Interestingly, I learned that the idea of exchanging short text messages - now a universal habit was first introduced by a Finnish engineer named Matti Makkonen. So I discovered that the popular name Mekonnen is also common in Finland, despite our geographical distance. Technology and Innovation When it comes to Finnish technology, most people immediately think of Nokia, the pioneering company that was among the first to introduce the mobile phone concept to the world. Nokia remains a major player in the global telecom industry, now heavily involved in advanced network development. However, Finland is the source of several major tech companies beyond Nokia. I was especially impressed by the country's technological advancement when I visited YLE, the National Media Institute, and witnessed an unmanned robotic studio system capable of recording and broadcasting news without human assistance. This was a clear demonstration of how Finland embraces innovation to modernize its media and communication sectors. Diplomatic Relations and Educational Excellence Ethiopia and Finland share a long-standing bilateral relationship spanning 66 years. This partnership extends beyond aid and development cooperation into various sectors, including education, technology, and trade. During my visit, I had the opportunity to meet Finland's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Elina Valtonen, who expressed further, strengthen and expand this relationship. Also it is important particularly through enhanced technology and knowledge transfer via partnerships with companies like Nokia. Finland is globally recognized for its high-quality education system. The country boasts more than 800 libraries, with around 40 located in the capital, Helsinki. One standout is the Oodi Central Library, located opposite the Finnish Parliament. Oodi transcends being merely a place to read - it's a cultural hub that promotes equality and creativity, offering a wide range of services and spaces for everyone, from children to adults, including areas for reading, workshops, digital media, and community events.   A Society Built on Trust Another unique aspect of Finnish society that I particularly admire is its strong culture of tax compliance. Finland's tax administration proudly states that citizens pay their taxes willingly and on time. Tax evasion and complaints are rare, with both individuals and corporations fulfilling their tax obligations faithfully, reflecting the high level of public trust in government institutions. The heads of institutions I visited emphasized that Finland's systems and services were built by listening to and addressing citizens' needs. Public trust in government is exceptionally high, and Finnish academics affirm through their research that citizen happiness is closely linked to peace, freedom, and good governance. This happiness is often attributed to Finland's strong social safety net and high level of social organization. Key contributing factors include free and high-quality education, environmental protection, a fair justice system, gender equality, comprehensive welfare, and excellent maternal and childcare services. Gender Equality in Action Women play significant roles in all sectors of Finnish society, thanks to the country's strong commitment to gender equality. During my visit to the Finnish Parliament, I learned that political representation is highly inclusive. Out of 200 parliament members, 91 are women - a testament to Finland's progress in gender parity. All these elements combined have helped Finland rank number one on the United Nations' World Happiness Report for eight consecutive years. Many citizens believe the country is well on its way to being named the happiest country in the world for a ninth consecutive time. A Bittersweet Farewell Before I realized it, I had spent a week visiting Finland, and the time came to return to Addis Ababa. While seated in the airplane watching it take off, I already missed Finland. I will certainly look forward to visiting again next time, hopefully exploring places I didn't cover during this remarkable journey.

At this stage of human development, it is disheartening to see the world mired in uncertainty and disputes once again. Disagreements inevitably arise from different ideas and thoughts. However, violent clashes resulting from these differences are something we should avoid at all costs. Through institutional intervention, we should transcend the violent experiences in different parts of the world. This phenomenon is gaining traction and disrupting the lives of millions of people worldwide. Additionally, international commercial disputes related to tariffs and foreign investors threaten human advancement because they stifle collaboration. These events call on the international community to proactively address the root causes of conflicts before they spiral out of control. In response to this urgent need, the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed) was established in Hong Kong on May 30, 2025. The organization aims to solve state-to-state, investor-state, and international commercial disputes based on mutual consent. Ethiopia is one of the founding members of this large international organization, which aims to complement existing international dispute settlement mechanisms. This aligns with the nation’s history of significant contributions to international collaboration and multilateralism. Ethiopia ardently supports international peace and security, as evidenced by its contributions to global peace initiatives. Therefore, Ethiopia's decision to join the International Organization for Mediation is an extension of its commitment to peace. Sharing this sentiment, Gedion Timothewos, the Ethiopian foreign minister, wrote the following on social media: "“Committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes & cognizant of the need for a fair & efficient public & investment dispute resolution mechanism attuned to the needs of developing countries, Ethiopia welcomes the establishment of the International Mediation Organization” As the foreign minister indicated, this move underscores Ethiopia’s dedication to fostering dialogue, mutual respect, and cooperative solutions to international disputes. This approach aligns with Ethiopia’s broader foreign policy of promoting peace and stability in the Horn of Africa and beyond. Ethiopia's commitment to resolving conflicts through mediation reflects its adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter, particularly Article 33, which emphasizes mediation as a primary means of peacefully resolving international disputes. Ethiopia has consistently advocated for the peaceful resolution of major conflicts worldwide through internationally recognized dispute resolution mechanisms. Ethiopia has a longstanding history of successfully mediating conflicts in the Horn of Africa and beyond. Ethiopia’s commitment to peace is evident in its pragmatic actions to prevent conflict and war, rather than mere rhetoric. Ethiopia is well known for being a peaceful country that chooses to live in peace with all its neighbors, even when provoked. Ethiopia has consistently chosen mediation and peaceful means over confrontation to resolve disagreements with neighboring nations of any kind. This has been especially evident in recent years despite major provocations; Ethiopia has remained committed to its principled stance on peace. In sum, Ethiopia’s commitment to peace is a building block for social and economic development. Conversely, Ethiopia’s participation in the IOMed demonstrates its acknowledgment of the necessity of a fair and effective dispute resolution system designed for developing countries. Like many other developing nations, Ethiopia is skeptical of some international institutions' ability to address the needs of these countries. Consequently, Ethiopia has advocated for reforms that would align these institutions more closely with the needs of countries in the Global South. However, these challenges remain unresolved. Therefore, institutions like the IOMed, which will fill these gaps and complement existing institutions, align with Ethiopia's strategy of creating better international institutions through a different approach. Beyond the immediate impact of further solidifying the nation’s significant contributions, Ethiopia’s incorporation into these global institutions is a bold diplomatic gesture. This move will undoubtedly put Ethiopia in the global spotlight once again, showcasing its positive contributions to mediation efforts and thereby helping to maintain peace. Additionally, as the host of the African Union and a key player in regional organizations such as IGAD, Ethiopia’s participation in the IOMed will further solidify its status as a diplomatic hub. Furthermore, Ethiopia's engagement with the IOMed will strengthen Africa's role in global diplomacy. As a staunch supporter of African causes and Pan-Africanism, Ethiopia's involvement in the IOMed will enhance Africa’s capacity to influence global mediation norms and promote a more harmonious international order. On the other hand, by promoting peaceful and efficient ways to resolve business disputes among different stakeholders, these organizations will strengthen the flow of investments between countries. As Ethiopia is part of the international value chain, a conducive business environment for stakeholders will benefit the nation. The same is true for other forms of disputes. Approaching and solving outstanding issues will benefit Ethiopia in various ways. Overall, Ethiopia’s decision to join other nations in establishing the International Organization for Mediation is not merely symbolic; it has many benefits for Ethiopia, Africa, and the world.

Addis Abbaba, June, 22, 2025 (ENA) -- Ethiopia is in the midst of a historic economic transformation—shaped by bold policy choices, strategic investments, and a firm commitment to sustainable, inclusive growth. Since the launch of its Homegrown Economic Reform Program in 2019, the government has charted a new course aimed at stabilizing the economy, reducing inflation, and unlocking long-term development potential. For years, Ethiopia grappled with high inflation, chronic foreign exchange shortages, and rising public debt. Recognizing the urgent need for change, the government embarked on one of Africa’s most ambitious Macroeconomic Reform Agendas. Key pillars of this transformation include overhauling monetary policy, liberalizing the foreign exchange regime, enforcing fiscal discipline, restructuring external debt, and deepening financial markets. In a landmark shift in 2024, Ethiopia liberalized its foreign exchange system for the first time in five decades. This bold move replaced the fixed-rate regime with a market-based exchange rate and ended direct central bank financing of government deficits. Simultaneously, the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) adopted interest rate-based monetary policy, launched open market operations, and revised the Central Bank Act to enshrine price stability as a primary mandate. At the 2025 IMF–World Bank Spring Meetings, Governor of National Bank of Ethiopia, Mamo Mihretu highlighted that these reforms are designed to “correct structural distortions, reduce inflation, address foreign exchange bottlenecks, and support high, sustainable growth.” Early results are already visible: inflation has fallen from 30% to 13%, and Ethiopia’s foreign currency reserves have tripled. By the 2025/26 fiscal year, inflation is projected to drop further to around 10%. To support its reform momentum, Ethiopia secured a $3.4 billion Extended Credit Facility from the International Monetary Fund in July 2024. This deal has not only unlocked debt restructuring opportunities but also signaled strong global confidence in Ethiopia’s economic direction. Development partners and investors alike now view Ethiopia as a credible and increasingly stable investment destination. Another key milestone came with the launch of Ethiopia’s first-ever stock market, the Ethiopian Securities Exchange (ESX), in January 2025. Alongside this, private investment banking licenses were issued to institutions such as CBE Capital and Wegagen Capital, laying the foundation for robust financial sector development and deeper capital markets. Complementing macroeconomic reform is a substantial public investment drive, with nearly 10% of GDP allocated annually to infrastructure. Major flagship projects include the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which is positioning Ethiopia as a regional clean energy exporter; the Addis–Djibouti electric railway, which cut freight time from three days to ten hours; and the expansion of 145,000 kilometers of road networks, enhancing logistics and market access. At the heart of Ethiopia’s structural transformation is a revolution in agricultural productivity, particularly in wheat production. Once a wheat-importing nation, Ethiopia is now the largest producer in Africa, harvesting a record 23 million tonnes in the 2023/24 season. Innovations like cluster farming, irrigation, mechanization, and the use of climate-resilient seeds have enabled not only self-sufficiency but also the start of wheat exports. This success was globally recognized in January 2024, when FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu awarded Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed the Agricola Medal, the FAO’s highest honor. The award cited Ethiopia’s “Wheat for Food Self-Sufficiency Programme” and the Green Legacy Initiative, a nationwide reforestation campaign that aligns food security with environmental sustainability. FAO hailed Ethiopia’s progress as a historic revolution in agrifood systems. Yet, the reform journey has not been without challenges. The transition period has brought short-term price hikes, affecting household budgets. In response, the government rolled out a comprehensive social protection plan—including targeted subsidies for essentials like fuel and food, and public works programs designed to create jobs in infrastructure and agriculture. These interventions aim to ensure that no one is left behind in the transition, and that the gains of reform are broadly shared across society. Ethiopia is also investing heavily in industrialization. Modern industrial parks, like Hawassa Industrial Park, are generating tens of thousands of jobs in textiles, leather, and agro-processing—particularly benefiting women and youth. With projected GDP growth of 8.4% in 2024/25, Ethiopia is emerging from macroeconomic distress with renewed vigor. Institutions like the IMF, World Bank, FAO, and European Union have praised Ethiopia’s reform program for being indigenous, data-driven, and homegrown—not externally imposed. The IMF particularly has lauded the economic reforms undertaken by Ethiopia. These reforms, which encompass the liberalization of the foreign exchange market and the transition to an interest-rate based monetary policy, are regarded as essential for achieving macroeconomic stability and drawing in investment. Furthermore, the IMF has acknowledged Ethiopia's advancements in reestablishing macroeconomic stability, curbing inflation, and enhancing fiscal discipline. Ethiopia has solidified its position as the largest economy in East Africa and the third-largest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia’s economic reform program is more than a technical fix—it is a national vision of rebirth. A vision built on self-reliance, economic sovereignty, and inclusive prosperity. With continued political will, expanding global support, and the resilience of its people, Ethiopia is positioning itself as a rising economic force on the African continent—a nation transforming its challenges into enduring opportunity, and charting a bold, homegrown path to a brighter future.

Addis Ababa, June 10, 2025 (ENA) --- In a continent often portrayed as perpetually reliant on aid, Ethiopia is rewriting the script. The East African nation is now spearheading its own path to agricultural productivity and food sovereignty. Over the past six years, the Ethiopian government has embarked on bold policies to enhance agricultural productivity and achieve food security. The endeavors are truly laying a foundation to ensure long-term self-reliance. Most importantly, these reflect Ethiopia’s commitment to breaking free from dependency and fostering sustainable development. The success stories Ethiopia have been registering and its bold shift—moving away from reliance on external support—has drawn attention. Even the achievement in this cause is disproving skepticism and criticism of productivity and data. Over the course of the last seven years, the Ethiopian government has implemented a number of strategic programs with the dual goals of eradicating hunger and promoting economic growth. Wheat Revolution—From Imports to Self-Sufficiency Once a major wheat importer by spending nearly 1 billion US dollars annually, Ethiopia has now overtaken the status of the largest wheat-producing country in the Africa continent. The massive dry season wheat irrigation projects initiated by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has not only transformed the country’s food resilience but also became for the first time in history a net exporter. A significant chapter in history — when Ethiopia relied on importing millions of quintals of wheat annually to satisfy its citizens' fundamental bread needs, has now come to an end. To this effect, the country receiving recognition from international organizations such as the FAO for making wheat production a central pillar in its pursuit of food self-sufficiency. Through the expansion of irrigated farming, the use of improved seed varieties, and the adoption of modern farming techniques, the country has significantly increased its wheat yield and marketable surplus. The initiative increased Ethiopia’s annual wheat production to 231 million quintals. The country has now significantly enhanced its self-reliance in wheat production thanks to the national efforts being carried out. In addition to completely replacing the import of wheat, this program strengthens food and nutrition security and demonstrates Ethiopia's tenacity in tackling global agricultural challenges. In his recent wide-ranging televised interview, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed himself confirmed that Ethiopia has overtaken the status of the largest wheat-producing country in Africa, tripling Egypt’s output. This achievement, while met with some skepticism, stands as a testament to the nation’s strategic agricultural policies and commitment to economic development. Moreover, prominent global figures, including Bill Gates, the President of the African Development Bank, Akinwumi Adesina and others are praising Ethiopia's remarkable agricultural achievements, particularly its success in boosting wheat productivity. They highlighted it as a model for sustainable development in Africa. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed received the Agricola Medal from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2024. This decision, which was made in Rome, Italy, acknowledged his leadership, vision, and dedication to nutrition and food security, especially in his pursuit for wheat self-sufficiency. FAO’s decision was not only a gesture toward a nation’s efforts to realize food self-sufficiency, but it is absolutely a powerful international recognition of a leader who inspired his people to pursue food security through resilience and sustainable development. Ethiopia's success in wheat self-sufficiency serves as a model for the entire African continent. Numerous delegations have been traveling to the nation to learn important insights into enhancing wheat productivity, especially in light of the global food crises that are causing widespread concern among people worldwide. The Green Legacy Initiative: A Catalyst for Food Sovereignty in Ethiopia One of the key drivers of Ethiopia’s food sovereignty transformation endeavors is the Green Legacy Initiative, an ambitious environmental campaign launched by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in 2019. With a vision to plant billions of trees across the country, the initiative aims not only to combat deforestation and climate change but also to support sustainable agriculture and rural livelihoods. To date, Ethiopia has planted over 40 billion seedlings, many of which are fruit-bearing species such as avocado, mango, and papaya. This strategic focus on edible trees enhances food security, improves nutrition, and generates income for farming communities.   As part of the ongoing tree planting activities, Ethiopia’s forest cover had increased to 23.6 percent in 2023 from 17.2 percent in 2019. The initiative has also been inculcating the culture of tree planting among citizens while also creating jobs to the youth as it engages several activities including the preparation of samplings. Ethiopia's forest cover rose from 17.2 percent in 2019 to 23.6 percent in 2023 as a result of continuous tree planting efforts. Vast tracts of land are being restored through tree planting campaigns and community-based initiatives. This project is not just about restoring ecosystems; it is also about creating employment opportunities. Local communities are often directly involved in this initiative, receiving training and resources to manage nurseries, plant trees, and maintain newly established forests. The Green Legacy Initiative is therefore more than just a project. It is helping to revolutionize Ethiopia by turning its arid regions into breadbaskets and changing the narrative from one of fragility to one of self-sufficiency and resilience. All things considered, Ethiopia is transforming its grim past of being portrayed as a nation afflicted by drought and other calamities into one that is growing economically. "Bounty of the Basket" Another national successful initiative that is worth mentioning is "Bounty of the Basket" (Yelemat Tirufat), which aims to increase food production and guarantee food security at the household and national levels. Launched in 2022, The program's main goal is to increase the production of fish, dairy, eggs, chicken, and honey. It has made good strides, as evidenced by the considerable rise in production of these essential foods. When the program was launched, the number of animals bred in the country was around 500,000 annually. Today, the nation’s artificial insemination efforts have expanded significantly, reaching 3.8 million.   Significant progress has been made, as demonstrated by the substantial increase in the production of these vital foods. For instance milk productivity significantly increases over the past few years. When the program commenced, the annual number of animals bred in the country was approximately 500,000. Currently, the nation’s artificial insemination initiatives have grown considerably, achieving a total of 3.8 million. Notable improvements have also been observed in fish production, as fish farming has evolved into a sustainable business opportunity, with both farmers and urban residents establishing fish ponds and raising fingerlings. The output of milk, chicken, and honey has seen a significant rise, enhancing the family meal basket. Chicken meat production, which was at 70,000 tons, has surged to 208,000 tons by 2024, while milk production has escalated from 7.2 billion to 10 billion liters in the same timeframe. Additionally, honey production has jumped from 128,000 tons to 272,000 tons. This initiative has not only enhanced productivity but has also enabled the government to more effectively identify available resources and address major distribution issues. Notable improvements have also been observed in fish production, as fish farming has evolved into a sustainable business opportunity, with both farmers and urban residents establishing fish ponds and raising fingerlings. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia is actively advancing not only its own food self-sufficiency but also contributing to the continent’s broader aspiration for self-reliance. By strengthening resilience, reducing dependency, and laying the groundwork for sustainable growth, Ethiopia is emerging as a model for agricultural transformation in Africa. This plainly proves ensuring food self-sufficiency stands as a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s national strategy, carrying significant implications that extend beyond its own borders. By bolstering domestic food production, Ethiopia not only safeguards itself from global supply chain disruptions but also sets a powerful example of how African nations can pursue and achieve agricultural independence. Most importantly, by prioritizing sustainable farming and innovative solutions, Ethiopia is also showing that Africa has the capacity to feed itself and has the capacity to ensure a prosperous, food-secure future for generations to come. Ethiopia has made remarkable strides in improving its capacity to address emergencies caused by both natural and man-made disasters. In this regard, the nation's strategic food reserve has been growing, allowing it to effectively meet the needs of millions during emergencies. Additionally, the country is pursuing an ambitious strategic policy aimed at reducing aid dependency by strengthening its internal capabilities for humanitarian interventions. Ethiopia is striving to achieve not just food security, but also food sovereignty, recognizing that without food sovereignty, genuine sovereignty cannot exist. This is particularly important in the current global geopolitical and economic landscape, where power struggles often utilize food as a weapon, subjugating nations in the process.

By Yimer Ayele Eritrea has been known for its infamous belligerent behaviors in the Horn of Africa. The repressive regime in Asmara has been characterized as a state destabilizing agent of the region. As a destabilizing agent of the Horn of Africa, Isaias Afweorki hatched conspiracies in neighboring countries to exacerbate regional instability. The state in Asmara is a terrorist sponsored bent on inciting regional destabilization and instability. During the 34th Independence Day of Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki boasted as if he is a global player. Internally, Eritrea remains one of the world’s most repressive states. It has no functioning legislature, no free press, no civil society, and no independent judiciary. Since its independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea has held no elections. He shamelessly laid the horn’s myriad of troubles at the feet of foreign powers, obscuring plot in fomenting regional instability. Eritrea has played destructive role in undermining the peace and stability of the horn region. Its interventions to instigate violence by sending insurgents, incursions, covert operations, or support for non-state armed groups, have repeatedly destabilized neighboring countries. These actions go beyond diplomatic norms. Hence, his speech was not an earnest call for peace; rather it was a calculated effort to shield his authoritarian regime from accountability. It glossed over Eritrea’s long-standing record of aggression and repression, opting instead for rhetorical misdirection. Eritrea’s role in regional instability is well documented. It supports terrorist operatives such as Somali insurgents including factions linked to Al-Shabaab to undermine regional security. It also provides support and ammunitions to various armed groups in Ethiopia bent on destabilizing the country. Issayas has never contributed regional peace and stability. He never sought mutual respect and development based on shared interests. For decades, Eritrea has never made any attempt to meet the socioeconomic and development aspirations of the Eritrean people. Eritrea opposed to regional cooperation on economic development. It only join forces who destabilize the region. Consider Ethiopia’s contributions to regional integration through roads, railways, power connectivity and other infrastructure, including the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Issayas lambasted Ethiopia’s flagship project, GERD. The implication is obvious. So is the same about Ethiopia’s access to the sea peacefully and based on shared interest! Ethiopia is a growing economy in the region with over 120 million people. Eritrea’s rejection of regional cooperation mechanisms like the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) reinforces its isolation. While most African states pursue integration through frameworks like the African Continental Free Trade Area, Eritrea clings to outdated doctrines of self-reliance and military sovereignty. Yet the Horn of Africa faces transnational challenges, climate change, underdevelopment, migration, and extremism that demand trust, cooperation, and open governance. Its authoritarian domestic policies mirror its disruptive foreign posture. Without meaningful political reform and sincere engagement with regional partners, Eritrea continues to destabilize the region. Issayas’s latest speech, rather than offering clarity or solutions, underscores a strategy of deflection and denial. By misrepresenting regional dynamics and shirking accountability, he perpetuates the very instability he claims to oppose. Eritrea has continued to remain an obstacle to peace or become an agent for destabilization. Overall, the Horn of Africa remains stuck in a cycle of violence and instability largely due to deep due to warmonger states. While outside actors have long been involved, actors like Eritrea's President Isaias Afwerki are deliberately complicit in the process by virtue of their own self-interest narratives and destabilizing actions. The president’s recent speech, instead of bringing forth concrete solutions, is an example of a model deflection-and-denial strategy concealing Eritrea's central role in regional instability.

Addis Ababa, June 1, 2025 (ENA) -- Africa Day, observed every May 25th, marks the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in 1963, a historic milestone that embodied the collective dreams of African nations for unity, independence, and advancement. This annual celebration serves as both a tribute to the continent’s enduring struggles and a testament to its remarkable achievements, from dismantling colonial rule to pursuing sustainable growth. In 2025, the African Union (AU), which succeeded the OAU, has embraced the theme "Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations," signalling a powerful commitment to confronting historical wrongs and fostering a future rooted in equity. The OAU emerged at a time when Africa was shaking off the shackles of colonial domination, driven by a mission to unite its diverse nations, eradicate imperialism, and promote socio-economic progress. It became a vital force in the liberation of African states, offering unwavering support to independence movements through funding, diplomacy, and moral encouragement. Countries like Angola, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe owe much of their freedom to the OAU’s persistent efforts. Beyond this, the organization played a pivotal role in the international struggle against apartheid in South Africa, rallying African voices to impose sanctions and isolate the oppressive regime until its collapse. Yet, the OAU’s successes were tempered by inherent constraints, most notably its rigid commitment to non-interference in the domestic affairs of member states. Designed to safeguard sovereignty, this stance often paralyzed the OAU when confronted with internal crises. During the Congo Crisis of the 1960s and the Nigerian Civil War later that decade, its hands-off approach allowed turmoil to spiral, costing countless lives and exposing the need for a more assertive framework to tackle conflict and uphold human rights across the continent. In response to these shortcomings, African leaders launched the African Union in 2002, heralding a bold evolution from the OAU’s foundational vision. The AU was crafted to transcend its predecessor’s limitations, embracing a broader mandate that intertwined political cohesion with economic integration, peacebuilding, and democratic governance. Central to its ambitions is Agenda 2063, a visionary blueprint spanning 50 years to transform Africa into a prosperous, inclusive, and sustainable powerhouse. This initiative champions youth empowerment, gender equity, and the strategic use of Africa’s vast resources to fuel progress. Complementing this is the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), a groundbreaking endeavor to unify markets, enhance intra-African trade, and bolster economic resilience. While these strides signal immense potential, the AU grapples with formidable hurdles. Political unrest in regions like the Sahel and the Horn of Africa, stark economic divides among nations, and a dependence on foreign funding often erode its independence and authority. Moreover, inconsistent dedication from member states, some prioritizing national agendas over collective goals, weakens the AU’s capacity to enforce its policies effectively. The 2025 Africa Day theme, "Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations," casts a spotlight on a pressing and profound mission to rectify the lingering wounds of history. Reparations, as envisioned here, extend beyond mere financial redress to encompass a holistic pursuit of justice for the atrocities of slavery, colonialism, and apartheid—evils that have scarred African societies and economies for generations. This broader vision includes restoring looted cultural treasures, reforming systemic inequities, and dismantling neo-colonial frameworks that perpetuate disparity. The AU has taken a leading role in this crusade, building on efforts like the 2023 Accra Proclamation, which charts a course for reparations through diplomacy, legal action, and global advocacy at platforms like the United Nations. The push for reparations carries transformative weight, offering not just reconciliation but a chance to dismantle structural barriers that stifle Africa’s growth. Yet, the journey is fraught with resistance from former colonial powers, debates over fair compensation, and the challenge of ensuring benefits reach all affected communities. Even so, this agenda promises to heal old wounds and forge a unified, purposeful African identity. Looking ahead, Africa stands at a crossroads where its past resilience, embodied in the OAU and AU, must inform a forward-thinking strategy for progress. The continent’s future hinges on an unwavering dedication to unity and collaboration, both within its borders and in dialogue with the world. Economic integration, exemplified by the AfCFTA, holds the key to unlocking Africa’s latent potential, reducing reliance on external powers, and fostering self-sufficiency. Simultaneously, tackling the drivers of conflict, bolstering education and healthcare, and advancing sustainable development are indispensable for crafting a peaceful and thriving Africa. The reparations focus of 2025 reinforces justice as a bedrock for advancement, underscoring that genuine prosperity demands reckoning with historical injustices. Beyond these imperatives, Africa’s youthful population—over 60% of whom are under 25—represents a dynamic force for transformation. This demographic edge, if nurtured through education, skill-building, and employment opportunities, can propel innovation, entrepreneurship, and societal renewal. Harnessing this energy ensures that growth benefits all, laying a foundation for inclusivity. Equally urgent is the response to climate change, a threat that disproportionately burdens Africa despite its minimal contribution to global emissions. Embracing green technologies, sustainable farming, and robust infrastructure is not just a necessity but an opportunity for Africa to emerge as a leader in global sustainability. By weaving these priorities into its fabric, the continent can surmount present obstacles and redefine its place on the world stage. Africa’s journey, as celebrated on Africa Day, is a tapestry of resilience, ambition, and hope. The OAU laid the groundwork by championing liberation and solidarity, while the AU has elevated those ideals into a modern quest for integration and justice. The reparations movement of 2025 amplifies this legacy, urging a confrontation with the past to build a fairer future. As Africa strides forward, its success will rest on its ability to unite its people, harness its youth, and steward its resources wisely. In this spirit, the continent can transcend its challenges, not merely as a participant in global affairs but as a beacon of progress, equity, and promise for generations to come.

Addis Ababa, May 30, 2025 (POA)— Former Mauritanian Finance Minister Sidi Ould Tah has been elected president of the African Development Bank (AfDB), beating four other candidates after three rounds of voting. He becomes the 9th president of the pan-African institution for the next five years. Sidi Ould Tah, a distinguished Mauritanian economist and a veteran in the realm of development finance, has been elected as the ninth President of the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group. He is set to officially take office on September 1, 2025, embarking on a five-year term and following in the footsteps of Akinwumi Adesina. Born on December 31, 1964, in the vibrant town of Mederdra, Mauritania, Ould Tah comes equipped with over 35 years of diverse experience in both African and international finance. His impressive academic credentials feature a Ph.D. in Economics from the renowned University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, as well as a Diplôme d'Études Approfondies (DEA) in Economics from the esteemed University of Paris VII. His commitment to excellence is further evidenced by his participation in high-level executive programs at prestigious institutions such as the Harvard Institute for International Development, London Business School, and Swiss Finance Institute. Prior to his election as AfDB President, Ould Tah served as the transformative leader of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) from 2015 until April 2025. During his decade-long tenure, he propelled BADEA into a period of remarkable growth, effectively quadrupling its balance sheet and securing an impressive AAA credit rating. Under his stewardship, the bank solidified its position as a premier development institution committed to addressing Africa’s needs. He was instrumental in championing innovative financial mechanisms, including cutting-edge climate finance instruments and the strategic use of blended capital models to draw in private investment. Ould Tah’s illustrious career is also deeply rooted in his native Mauritania, where he held significant positions such as Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance from 2008 to 2015, and Minister of Agriculture. Furthermore, he served as a key advisor to both the President and the Prime Minister of Mauritania from 2006 to 2008, demonstrating his influence in shaping national economic strategies. His extensive experience extends to various multilateral institutions, including a notable role at the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB), where he engaged in promoting investments and providing technical assistance at the presidential level. He began his professional journey in 1984 at the Mauritanian Bank for Development and Commerce (BMDC), marking the start of a prolific career dedicated to economic development. It is anticipated that his visionary leadership will be crucial in guiding the institution towards greater African economic integration, financial sustainability, and enhanced global competitiveness, with an emphasis on reinforcing African resilience and fostering innovative thinking.

By Kungu Al-mahadi Adam Ethiopia’s National Electoral Board (NEBE) recently rejected the Tigray People’s Liberation Front’s (TPLF) request to be reinstated as a political party without undergoing the standard registration process. This decision underscores Ethiopia’s commitment to upholding the rule of law, ensuring political accountability, and fostering a democratic system that prioritizes fairness and transparency. The TPLF, once a dominant force in Ethiopian politics, must not be granted special privileges that undermine the legal framework governing political parties. Ethiopia’s stance is not only justified but also critical for the nation’s democratic progress. The TPLF’s request for reinstatement stems from its delisting as a political party in 2021, following its designation as a terrorist organization by the Ethiopian government. This designation was not arbitrary; it was a response to the TPLF’s armed rebellion against the federal government, which plunged the Tigray region and beyond into a devastating conflict. The group’s actions, including attacks on federal military bases and incitement of violence, caused immense suffering, displacing millions and destabilizing the region. Allowing such an entity to bypass the legal registration process would send a dangerous message: that political violence can be rewarded with exemptions from accountability. Ethiopia’s electoral laws are clear. Any group seeking to operate as a political party must meet stringent requirements, including gathering signatures, demonstrating a commitment to democratic principles, and complying with the country’s legal framework. These rules exist to ensure that political actors operate within the bounds of the law and respect the sovereignty of the state. The TPLF’s attempt to sidestep this process is not only an affront to Ethiopia’s legal system but also a reflection of the group’s lingering sense of entitlement from its decades-long dominance under the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Critics of the NEBE’s decision may argue that denying the TPLF reinstatement risks alienating the Tigrayan population and hindering reconciliation efforts. However, this argument overlooks a fundamental point: political parties are not synonymous with ethnic groups. The people of Tigray, like all Ethiopians, deserve representation through lawful and democratic means. Allowing the TPLF to bypass registration would unfairly elevate one group above others, undermining the principle of equal treatment under the law. Moreover, it would erode public trust in the electoral process by suggesting that certain actors are above scrutiny. The Pretoria Peace Agreement of 2022, which ended the Tigray conflict, is often cited by TPLF supporters as a basis for reinstatement. Yet, the agreement does not grant the TPLF automatic political status. Instead, it emphasizes disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration, alongside a commitment to resolving disputes through legal and peaceful means. The TPLF’s insistence on special treatment contradicts the spirit of the agreement and risks reigniting tensions rather than fostering unity. Ethiopia’s rejection of the TPLF’s request also sets a vital precedent for political accountability. Across Africa, where histories of armed insurgencies and political violence are not uncommon, nations must establish clear boundaries for political participation. Allowing groups to transition from militancy to politics without rigorous vetting risks legitimizing violence as a pathway to power. Ethiopia’s insistence on a fresh registration process sends a message to all political actors: compliance with the law is non-negotiable. The TPLF has a choice. It can demonstrate its commitment to democracy by fulfilling the registration requirements, engaging in transparent dialogue, and renouncing its past reliance on coercion. Alternatively, it can continue to demand special treatment, further alienating itself from Ethiopia’s evolving political landscape. The NEBE’s decision empowers the TPLF to take the lawful path, should it choose to do so, while safeguarding the integrity of Ethiopia’s democratic institutions. Ethiopia stands at a critical juncture. As the country navigates its complex political transition, decisions like the NEBE’s reinforce the importance of building a system rooted in fairness, accountability, and respect for the rule of law. By rejecting the TPLF’s request for reinstatement without a fresh registration process, Ethiopia is not closing the door on political participation—it is ensuring that all players enter through the same gate. This is a victory for democracy and a step toward a more inclusive and stable future. The writer is a Ugandan journalist who has consistently covered and followed the conflict in Tigray. adamkungu7@gmail.com

Yimer Ayele One thing that the current TPLF old guard has mastered is how to manufacture a crisis. The storm that they are trying to stir up due to the cancellation of the party’s registration by the National Elections Board is a good example of the bluff of this group. After the Pretoria Agreement - which does not address the issue of registration - was signed, the Electoral Board rejected TPLF’s request to be reinstated as a political party without any registration process. The Board decided that the TPLF must re-register using the regular registration process, just like any other newly formed party. The TPLF complained against this decision and claimed that as an old party with a long history, it should not be required to register through the regular procedure. The Federal Government made an effort to work with the Board to see if there was any way in which the request of the TPLF could be accommodated under the pertinent law. However, this effort was unsuccessful, as the Board determined that the matter fell outside its mandate. Hence, the Federal Government respected the decision of the Board as an independent democratic constitutional organ. To find a way out of this impasse and in the spirit of fostering peace, the Federal Government initiated a legislative amendment that would enable the TPLF to register through a special, expedited, and simplified procedure enabling it to maintain its political identity as a decades-old party. The new legislation waived the requirements applicable to a new political party. It enabled TPLF to register with its existing program, leadership, and bylaws without the need to go through the cumbersome processes required during the formation of a new political party. Under this law, the TPLF registered and secured a certificate regaining its status as a political party under Ethiopian law. However, after it received the certificate of registration, the TPLF complained that it was not happy with how it was registered and started clamoring for “reinstatement”. The certificate it has acquired and its registration through a special procedure gave it all the benefits, privileges, and entitlements of a political party. Yet, the TPLF insisted that this was still not satisfactory without any reasonable ground for its dissatisfaction. It was a frivolous complaint that did not change the fact that the TPLF had already regained its legal status as a duly registered political party. To complicate matters further, the TPLF conducted a general assembly to elect a new leadership without notifying the National Electoral Board in advance, as per the requirements of the law. Any political party intending to hold a general assembly must first notify the Board and conduct the assembly under its supervision. Nevertheless, the TPLF held an assembly without complying with these statutory requirements. The Board noted this violation of the political parties' proclamation but gave the TPLF ample chance and warning to rectify the infraction and comply with the law. The Board furthermore instructed the TPLF to hold an assembly under its supervision and gave a time frame within which this task should be accomplished. When the TPLF failed to comply with this requirement within the six-month period prescribed by the law, the Board granted an additional three months for compliance. Once again, the TPLF ignored the instructions of the Board, fully aware that this would entail the cancellation of its registration. The TPLF had nine months to hold a general assembly and meet the requirements of the Board. It deliberately failed to do so. This was a conscious effort intended to generate a crisis. After the Board inevitably cancelled its registration due to its own calculated intransigence and deliberate failure to comply with the law of the land, TPLF is now complaining about the cancellation of its registration. This is disingenuous to say the least. The TPLF orchestrated the cancellation through its deliberate non-compliance, violating a clear and reasonable legal requirement to hold a general party assembly. Now, it claims that the cancellation might trigger “instability and spontaneous violence”. There is nothing spontaneous about this whole affair. It is a manufactured crisis that is the handiwork of the warmongers within the TPLF and their senior partners from the north. This ploy must not hoodwink the international community. Those behind this drama are the hardliners of the TPLF who were unhappy with the Pretoria Agreement. The depth of their displeasure is manifested clearly by the fate of the lead negotiators of the Peace Agreement, both of whom had to flee the Tigray region, fearing for their lives. TPLF would not have chased away those who negotiated the peace agreement if it was committed to peace. What belies the professed commitment of the TPLF to the Pretoria agreement is its constant need to manufacture a crisis. It is the same logic that explains the fact that they are holding IDPs as hostages to perpetuate their narrative and litany of grievances. The international community cannot interfere in the question of the registration of a political party, which is an internal administrative and regulatory matter. If the TPLF is not happy with the decision of the Electoral Board, it can appeal to the judiciary. The TPLF should not benefit from the crisis it is manufacturing by getting the one reward it is seeking - which is international attention! Addressing governance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction priorities should be the focus of anyone who has the best interest of the Tigray region and its people at heart. Instead the current leadership of the TPLF seems to prefer engaging in pointless liaisons with diplomats and international organizations where it regurgitates the same talking points. This addiction to the fanfare and ceremonial trappings of diplomatic engagements should not be indulged. The desire to unilaterally break and renegotiate the Pretoria Agreement must be called out for the dangerous delusion that it represents. The TPLF should be firmly disabused of this notion. There will not be a sequel to Pretoria! It is time that even those who are not happy with this Agreement come to terms with this reality and focus on its implementation, instead of its renegotiation.

By Blen Mamo Addis Ababa, April 22, 2025 (POA)—The recent resignation of Klaus Schwab as Chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF) marks the closure of a significant chapter in global governance. For more than fifty years, Schwab has presided over the WEF, positioning it as a gathering of elites committed to shaping a more cohesive global economic order. Under Schwab’s stewardship, the Forum championed the concept of “stakeholder capitalism,” advocating for a system that integrates social responsibility within market dynamics. Yet, as the world faces increasing fragmentation, and as the legitimacy of top-down, technocratic solutions wanes, the departure of Schwab opens a new chapter in the global economic landscape. The question now arises: What will replace the WEF in this new era, and how will Africa, long on the periphery of these discussions, assert its voice on the global stage? Africa's consistent marginalization from key global economic discussions underscores the pressing need for the continent to establish its own forum for dialogue, one that speaks directly to its unique challenges, opportunities, and aspirations. The absence of a robust African voice in platforms like Davos has long been a source of frustration, as Africa’s concerns are often addressed from an external perspective rather than within the context of the continent's lived realities. With Schwab’s resignation and the evolving global order, Africa now stands at a crossroads, poised to create a space where its interests are not only acknowledged but actively shaped by its own leadership. At the forefront of this transformation stands Ethiopia, a nation with both historical significance and contemporary momentum that uniquely positions it to lead such an initiative. As the host of the African Union (AU) headquarters, Ethiopia has long played a central role in African diplomacy and regional cooperation. This diplomatic capital, coupled with Ethiopia’s active facilitation of peace and development initiatives across the continent, positions the country as an ideal candidate to spearhead an African Economic Forum. Ethiopia’s leadership is grounded in its commitment to African unity, its growing economic influence, and its strategic importance in global affairs. Economically, Ethiopia’s rise over the past two decades has been nothing short of remarkable. With an average growth rate of 10.5% since 2004, Ethiopia has emerged as one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies, driven by investments in infrastructure, manufacturing, and agriculture. This rapid growth has not only bolstered Ethiopia’s domestic economy but has also positioned the country as a model of development for the continent. However, Ethiopia’s vision extends beyond mere economic expansion, it seeks to integrate sustainable growth into its development strategy, emphasizing the need for climate resilience and environmental responsibility alongside economic progress. Ethiopia’s commitment to sustainability is particularly noteworthy. The nation has prioritized renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and large-scale reforestation, establishing itself as a leader in green growth initiatives. These efforts align with Africa’s broader goals of combating climate change and ensuring food security, positioning Ethiopia as a key player in the continent’s quest for both economic growth and environmental stewardship. Ethiopia’s model of growth is one that balances economic ambition with ecological consciousness, an approach that could serve as a blueprint for other African nations navigating the twin challenges of development and sustainability. In this context, an African Economic Forum, led by Ethiopia, would provide a much-needed platform to address the continent’s specific challenges in a way that global forums like Davos have failed to do. While the WEF has historically brought together global elites to discuss issues ranging from trade to innovation, it has often been criticized for its lack of focus on the realities faced by the Global South. An African-led forum would allow African leaders, policymakers, and entrepreneurs to engage directly with one another and with the broader international community on issues such as industrialization, regional integration, job creation, and climate resilience. This forum would not only amplify Africa’s voice but would provide a tangible space for collaborative solutions to the continent’s pressing challenges. Ethiopia’s recent accession to the BRICS grouping of emerging economies further strengthens its position to lead such a forum. BRICS, representing a coalition of nations that are challenging the traditional global economic order, provides Ethiopia with an opportunity to connect African concerns with broader global debates on economic governance. As part of this bloc, Ethiopia can foster deeper cooperation with other emerging economies, advocating for an economic model that reflects the needs and aspirations of the Global South. The inclusion of Ethiopia in BRICS is not just a diplomatic achievement, it is a strategic platform for influencing the future direction of global economic governance. The time is ripe for Africa to establish its own economic forum. Schwab’s departure marks the end of an era, and the world is now at a juncture where new models of multilateralism and cooperation are needed. The WEF, once the definitive platform for global economic dialogue, now faces questions of relevance in a rapidly changing world. As the global landscape becomes increasingly fragmented, the need for a more inclusive, decentralized approach to economic governance has never been clearer. In this environment, Ethiopia has the opportunity to lead the creation of a forum that is reflective of Africa’s diverse realities, priorities, and potential. An African Economic Forum would serve as a space where Africa’s economic future is determined by Africans themselves, where the continent can assert its agency and play a central role in shaping the global economic narrative. This initiative would not only allow Africa to define its own development path but would also provide a forum for African countries to collaborate on solutions that are both sustainable and equitable. By creating a platform for intra-continental dialogue and cooperation, Ethiopia can foster stronger economic integration across Africa, driving the continent toward greater regional unity and prosperity. In the wake of Schwab’s resignation and the shifting dynamics of global power, the moment has arrived for Africa to take its rightful place at the global table. With Ethiopia poised to lead the charge, the establishment of an African Economic Forum offers the continent the chance to step out from the shadows of elite-driven platforms and into the spotlight of global economic leadership. The time for Africa’s voice to be heard, not as a passive participant but as a key architect of the future global order, has arrived. Ethiopia, with its diplomatic expertise, economic growth, and commitment to sustainability, is uniquely positioned to guide the continent into this new era. The question now is not whether Africa will rise, but when, and under whose leadership. Ethiopia stands ready to take the helm, and the time for Africa to define its future on its own terms has come. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Blen Mamo is recently Director of Horn Review a premier Independent Research and Publication Think Tank based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Debela Fituma Mamo Addis Ababa, April 19, 2025 (ENA) -- Ethiopia’s foreign policy framework was significantly redesigned in 2018 to combine all aspects of the country’s engagement with the rest of the globe. Ethiopia’s foreign strategy now prioritizes various alignments, flexible partnerships, and issue-based engagement. Since entering office in 2018, Ethiopia’s current leadership has worked to develop diplomatic connections with its neighbors in the Red Sea area, the Middle East, and the Indo-Pacific. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and First Lady Zinash Tayachew arrived in Hanoi on the invitation of Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh, accompanied by ministerial members, for a four-day official visit from April 14 to 17, 2025. As indicated by PM Abiy’s current visit to Vietnam, Ethiopia and Vietnam’s bilateral ties are at a key crossroads, with the former acknowledging historical diplomatic links and the latter building new ones for the future. PM Abiy’s visit to Vietnam is the first formal visit by an Ethiopian head of government since diplomatic relations were established in 1976, reflecting both countries’ strategic vision and desires to enhance their bilateral relationships in a new stage of development. Therefore, this commentary highlights Ethiopia-Vietnam’s bond beyond bilateral cooperation for a common future aspiration in terms of their historical contact and future aspirations, bilateral economic cooperation, strong multilateral collaborations, and shared green movement strategies. Historical Backgrounds: Diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Ethiopia began on December 23, 1976, and have remained friendly throughout the subsequent fifty years. Tran Dai Quang, the then-President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, visited Ethiopia from August 23 to 25, 2018, while serving as Vietnam’s ninth president, and congratulated Abiy Ahmed on his election as Ethiopia’s Prime Minister at the meeting in Ethiopia. Both leaders recognized Vietnam and Ethiopia’s long-standing friendship and emphasized the importance of strengthening political confidence between the two countries through regular visits and contacts at all levels through the channels of the Party, the Government, the National Assembly, the local people, the people and businesses of the two countries, and to expand trade, investment, agriculture, education, and training[1]. After seven years, PM Abiy Ahmed and his high-level delegation are on an official visit to Vietnam, where the Vietnamese Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính presided over an official welcome ceremony at the Presidential Palace on Tuesday, April 14. This is not only the first high-level delegation exchange between the two countries in seven years, but it is also the first visit to Vietnam by a senior Ethiopian official since the two countries’ diplomatic relations began in 1976. The two countries were preparing to mark the 50th anniversary of their diplomatic relations in 2026, when the visit would take place. This would be a significant turning point, demonstrating respect for the almost 50-year-old partnership and cooperation. According to these historical perspectives, PM Abiy Ahmed’s visit exemplifies the two countries’ strategic vision and commitment to promote and expand bilateral relations in the new era of prosperity. In particular, the two countries could thoroughly examine the areas of collaboration while also exchanging ideas and creating a more substantial and successful framework for cooperation in the future. As a result, PM Abiy’s visit represents a watershed moment in their bilateral ties, deepening the friendly strategic relationship, broadening the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership, and fostering a greater community with a common destiny for Ethiopia and Vietnam. Economic Cooperation: economically, Ethiopia has recognized Vietnam as a market economy since 2014, with bilateral commerce ranging from USD 10-15 million during the last four years. However, economic, commercial, and investment contacts between Vietnam and Ethiopia remain modest and fall short of their potential, as do political and diplomatic relations. Considering global economic swings and trade tensions, the two nations should encourage conversation and understanding to diversify markets and establish favorable conditions for economic, trade, and investment cooperation. Vietnam News Agency (VNA) cited, Vietnamese Ambassador to Tanzania and Ethiopia, as saying that the visit is “expected to accelerate negotiations on key agreements in such areas as trade, investment, aviation, science and technology, agriculture, and cybersecurity.” During this visit, PM Abiy Ahmed also underscored that “Ethiopia and Vietnam share many commonalities — as developing nations with large, dynamic youth populations, and both are committed to economic growth and united by a proud history of resilience.” As a result, the current PM Abiy’s visit to Vietnam suggests that the two countries are engaging and in-depth, reflecting a shared commitment to mutual growth and cooperation to pave the way for strengthened political, diplomatic, and economic ties that will further solidify their joint vision for deeper bilateral relations in today’s global context. In terms of economic cooperation, both Ethiopia and Vietnam have a great potential of economic and trade development that further promotes their bilateral cooperation with the commitment of creating favorable conditions for both countries’ companies so that they can approach each other’s respective markets, and encouraging investment opportunities, cooperation in areas where the two countries are strongly represented. Robust multilateral collaboration: for over 50 years, diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Ethiopia have been constructive, with mutual support in regional and global forums. The two nations have shared perspectives on regional and international issues having a significant presence and standing in the United Nations, regional and international organizations. They both provided significant contributions to South-South cooperation, enhanced the non-aligned movement, and emphasized the importance of developing nations in the international community. The two sides regularly support each other at multilateral forums and international organizations. For instances, Vietnam highly valued Ethiopia as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for the 2017-2020 term, thus contributing to the UN agenda that contributed to this building, consolidating security and peace in the world. Ethiopia noted that Vietnam is the sole candidate for the Asia-Pacific region for the position of non-permanent United Nations Security Council member for the 2020-2021 term. [2] Specifically, when Ethiopia was under pressure from the international community in connection with the war in the northern parts of Ethiopia at the United Nations, Vietnam, through its Permanent Representative to the UN, Ambassador Đặng Đình Quý, was one of the countries that opposed intervention in the internal affairs of the country. As a result of this visit, the two sides reiterated their willingness to strengthen cooperation in a variety of sectors and collaborate for prosperity and development in the Asia-Pacific and African regions. Furthermore, Ethiopia’s strategic geographical location allows for a strengthening of Vietnam’s collaboration with Africa, as well as the bridging of connections between Vietnam and the African Union, while Vietnam might operate as a bridge to improve ASEAN-Ethiopia cooperation. Mutual green growth agenda: Both Vietnam and Ethiopia are members of P4G – Partnering for Green Growth and the Global Goals 2030, a new initiative launched in 2018 with the ambition of becoming the world’s leading forum for developing concrete public-private partnerships at scale to deliver on the SDGs and the Paris Climate Agreement.[3] Aside from meetings with senior government officials to discuss bilateral relations as well as regional and international issues of mutual concern, PM Abiy Ahmed welcomed and supported Vietnam’s successful hosting of the 4th P4G Summit, emphasizing its contribution to global efforts for green and sustainable development. PM Abiy attended the fourth P4G Summit, 2025, conducted under the theme “Sustainable and People-Centred Green Transition,” and presented a keynote speech stressing three important action items critical to achieving climate action, as indicated on his official Social Media page. The first step is to prioritize climate financing by ensuring enough, reliable, and sustainable resources. The second goal is to boost Africa’s share of global energy investment from 2% to 20% by 2030, therefore supporting sustainable development and protecting the continent’s important ecosystems. The third point is that urgent actions are required to safeguard nature by addressing biodiversity loss and land degradation. This involves sponsoring grassroots projects like the Green Legacy Initiative, as well as ensuring that local communities have fair and equitable benefit-sharing arrangements. PM Abiy Ahmed’s speech demonstrates Ethiopia’s intention to collaborate with Vietnam to support global initiatives on climate change response, green growth, innovation, and sustainable development, while also promoting local initiatives such as Ethiopia’s green legacy since 2018. As a result, because both Vietnam and Ethiopia are rapidly developing countries with a shared commitment to innovation, green transition, and digital transformation as key drivers of long-term economic growth, and to help each other achieve these goals, the two countries can implement a variety of concrete measures for sharing knowledge and best practices. Therefore, strengthening collaboration, particularly in green sectors, renewable energy, and digital technology, would not only contribute to long-term solutions but also provide job opportunities in both nations. Investment potential in renewable energy, high-tech agriculture, and green sectors can also be expanded, laying the groundwork for long-term collaboration between the two countries. Conclusion PM Abiy’s travel to Vietnam is the first formal visit by an Ethiopian head of government since diplomatic ties were established in 1976, and it is also the first high-level delegation exchange between the two nations in seven years. Ethiopia and Vietnam have expanded their practical collaboration in several sectors since 2018, laying the groundwork for the formation of a strategic relationship with a common objective. As a result, the visit demonstrates that Ethiopia and Vietnam share a connection that extends beyond bilateral cooperation for a common future objective, encompassing robust multilateral partnerships, bilateral economic cooperation, policies related to the green movement, historical ties, and future goals. Economic and trade relationships between the two sides have achieved new heights, but the synergy of their economic cooperation policies must be improved. Solidarity and collaboration are more important than ever as the globe experiences rapid changes not seen in a century and peace and development confront increasing obstacles. Vietnam and Ethiopia have continued to be outspoken supporters of multilateralism and have actively participated in regional and global collaboration to address shared issues and advance prosperity. Amid a complicated and turbulent geopolitical landscape, Ethiopia and Vietnam should enhance their comprehensive strategic partnership and inject greater predictability and stability into their respective regions. In addition to being crucial to establishing diplomatic ties between Ethiopia and Vietnam with a shared future that holds strategic importance, it is also a necessary step to advance cooperation and development in a way that clearly demonstrates the spirit of proactive, responsible cooperation and joint development for the benefit of both nations. ===== Debela Fituma Mamo is a PhD candidate at Institute of Peace and Security Studies of Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. He also works as a researcher at the Institute of Foreign Affairs. His research focuses on peace and security, comparative politics, political transitions, and indigenous knowledge systems. He has written several research articles and book reviews. This article originally appeared on the Horn Review Website.

Easter Around the World: A Celebration of Faith, Culture, and Community Addis Ababa, April 19, 2025 (ENA)-–- Easter, one of the most profound and widely celebrated Christian holidays, is marking the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. For believers, it is a time of reflection, renewal, and hope. Yet beyond its spiritual roots, it is also a reflection of cultural diversity, where age-old traditions meet local customs and community spirit. Christians observe this sacred season with unique expressions of faith around the world, from solemn rituals and processions to joyful feasts and family games. Therefore, this article explores how Easter is celebrated worldwide, revealing the rich variety of practices that reflect both religious devotion and the beauty of local heritage. Observed on April 18th in 2025, Good Friday marks the crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ. Dating back to the 4th century, this solemn day is steeped in prayer, mourning, and reflection. Across the globe, Christians fast, attend church services, and participate in Passion rebuilding, remembering the immense sacrifice that precedes the joy of the Resurrection. In Ethiopia and Eritrea, Easter is called Fasika and it is preceded by a 55-day fast where only vegan food is consumed. Holy Week is marked by Palm Sunday processions and Good Friday services, while Easter Sunday is a joyous occasion with communal church services. Families celebrate with traditional meals such as dorowot (spicy chicken stew) served with injera, and gatherings that emphasize community and togetherness. Coptic Orthodox Christians in Egypt observe Holy Week with deep spiritual devotion. Rituals include Palm Sunday processions, Good Friday observances, and a Holy Saturday watch with a theatrical "resurrection play." The end of a 55-day fast is celebrated on Easter Sunday with liturgies and large shared meals. In Lebanon, Easter combines spiritual significance with local customs. The week before Easter features processions and solemn services. On Easter Sunday, a midnight mass is followed by jubilant services, a festive meal, and sharing maamoul cakes. Egg battles add excitement, emphasizing family unity and togetherness. Palestinian Christians celebrate Easter with a deep connection to the Holy Land, where Jesus was born, lived, and died. They celebrate together according to the Eastern Orthodox calendar, with unique customs like Palm Sunday procession, Good Friday remembrances, and Easter Sunday's egg dyeing and game playing. Syrian Christians celebrate Easter following the Julian calendar, with unique traditions including Palm Sunday procession, Last Supper remembrance, solemn services, and bitter choruka beverage. The Indian Christians celebrates Easter with Holy Week procession, reenacting the Last Supper on Maundy Thursday, mourning on Good Friday, and early services on Easter Sunday. Bulgarian Christians Easter, or Velikden, involves dyeing red eggs to symbolize Christ's blood, baking sweet kozunak bread, and attending a midnight Resurrection liturgy. It's followed by egg tapping, a grand feast, and playful water splashing on Easter Sunday and Wet Monday. Christians in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine shares traditions, including a midnight Paschal Vigil with "Christ is Risen!" and blessing baskets with kulich, paska, and eggs. Ukraine highlights intricate pysanky eggs, while Belarus and Ukraine remember the deceased. In Romania, Easter begins with a 40-day Lenten period, followed by Palm Sunday's willow blessing, egg dyeing, and Pasca baking. Good Friday is somber, while the Resurrection Mass at midnight is a joyful celebration of Christ's triumph over death. The Holy Light symbolizes hope and new life, and food blessing fosters community and shared faith. Easter Sunday brings egg tapping, lamb dishes, and cozonac, with people greeting "Christ is Risen! In Greece, North Macedonia, and Turkey, Orthodox Christians celebrate Easter with unique customs. In Greece, processions and midnight services are traditional. North Macedonia practices red egg dyeing, fasting, and family gatherings. Rome transforms into a vibrant hub during Easter, blending religious traditions with cultural events. Highlights include Papal Masses, processions, and traditional activities. Cultural activities include exploring historical sites, visiting museums, and indulging in traditional food. Easter in Spain, known as Semana Santa, is a significant religious and cultural event celebrated with grandeur and devotion. It features processions, music, incense, and flowers, with regional variations and unique traditions. In France, Easter combines religion, folklore, and food, featuring traditions like Flying Bells, egg hunts, and family meals. Decorations include hand-painted eggs, Easter trees, and colorful eggs, accompanied by traditional dishes like lamb, regional specialties, and chocolate eggs. Easter is a significant holiday in Canada and the US, blending Christian and secular traditions. Christians commemorate Jesus' resurrection with church services, while secular traditions include Easter egg hunts, the Easter Bunny, and family meals. Spring symbols represent new life and fertility. In Brazil, Easter, or Páscoa, combines Catholic traditions with cultural mix, featuring chocolate eggs, Easter bunny, egg hunts, family meals, and flower carpets. Regional variations add indigenous, European, and African influences, with a significant commercial aspect promoting chocolate eggs and products. Easter in the Philippines, Pasko ng Pagkabuhay, is a significant Catholic celebration. Holy Week includes Lent, Palm Sunday, Pabasa ng Pasyon, Visita Iglesia, and Maundy Thursday. Good Friday observes Jesus' crucifixion and death, while Easter Sunday features Salubong, Easter Mass, feasts, and egg hunts symbolizing new life and joy. Easter is more than a religious milestone; it is a profound celebration of life, faith, and cultural identity. Across continents and communities, believers remember the resurrection of Christ through traditions shaped by history, geography, and family. From candlelit vigils to colorful eggs, from ancient chants to children’s laughter, Easter reveals the human desire for renewal, unity, and hope. In every form it takes, Easter reminds us of the light that follows darkness and the joy that emerges from faith deeply lived and widely shared.  

By Gezahagne Degefu Recognizing the daunting challenges facing Addis Ababa city—be they roads, green areas, public spaces, and housing facilities and so on, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed set landmark precedent by launching initiatives to transform the old face of the capital city. The face of Addis Ababa has changed over the last seven years by leaps and bounds. Given the growing needs of urbanization globally, the residents of the city deserve modern city. To this effect, the corridor development— renovation of infrastructure facilities are fundamental to connect communities through well-planned roads and pathways, improving transportation and accessibility. The corridor development has expanded streets, essential routes and dedicated cycling lanes for sustainable transportation. There are also long kilometers of meticulously designed walkways to encourage walking within the urban environment of the city. City mayor Adanech Abebie believes that the large network of pedestrian pathways will greatly help the residents—motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians, ensuring that urban areas are more accessible to all class of citizens. Housing development projects have also been carried out to address the urgent needs of housing in many urban centers of the city. The projects focus on building affordable housing for low-income residents, providing access to safe and suitable living conditions. For instance, the housing project being underway in Kazanchis area is expected to develop 15,000 homes. This initiative is implemented under public private partnership (PPP). It helps residents with low income to accommodate homes. The housing development initiative also seeks to support basic living conditions and allow individuals and families to thrive. Local authorities are focusing on improving quality of life by enhancing amenities like clean public restrooms, green spaces, safe playgrounds, and recreational centers. In addition to these efforts, the corridor project also revitalized river side areas within the city with the goal of transforming these waterways into vibrant green areas for the community. This initiative also emphasizes sustainable design practices that not only beautify the area but also promote environmental stewardship and community well-being. Various tree planting programs have also been meticulously implemented to enhance the greenery of the city. In addition, numerous parks have been developed to provide recreational spaces for the community. The corridor development projects aimed to revitalize slum areas. For instance, Arat Kilo and Meskel Square have been renovated by preserving their historic importance, while Entoto is being carefully restored to celebrate its cultural heritage. The Piassa urban centre has also been revitalized and become splendid. The city administration has launched strategic initiatives to create a favorable investment climate, leading to increased domestic and foreign investment, especially in tourism and service sector. Modern projects like the Addis International Convention Centre highlight the blend of modern facilities with Ethiopia’s rich traditions. City planners emphasize that this combination of historical elements and contemporary urbanizations are essential for maintaining the unique identity of Addis Abeba. They describe such types of facilities as an indicator of urban expansion that reflects the city's cultural heritage. By engaging investors and stakeholders, the city administration aspires to steer the transformation of Addis Abeba in a manner that is inclusive and benefits the entire community. Families who were previously residing in substandard housing conditions are now making a transition into urban life style. Modern urban centres are emerging in Addis Ababa. The residents of Addis Ababa started enjoying a dignified life, with well-maintained roads, educational institutions, and essential utilities. The playgrounds are bustling with activity, sports facilities are frequently utilized, and contemporary amenities foster a lifestyle that encourages and supports healthy living. For instance, boys and girls of Kazanchis and its surrounding areas have begun to experience holistic development. They are now breathing fresh air, playing in expansive, clean fields, receiving education in convenient schools, and enjoying a healthy and fulfilling childhood. Residents actively maintain public spaces and collaborate with local governments on projects, promoting cooperation and shared responsibility. Public spaces are perceived as communal areas which are a long-awaited dream for the residents of Addis Ababa. Almost no public spaces were available earlier in the crowded and confined areas of the city. So the transformation undertaken by the leadership of Addis Ababa raises the city to international standard. For instance, various digital technologies have been launched to provide delivery of government services, ensuring that residents receive the services they require in a more efficient and accessible manner. Office and business hours are also extended to foster productivity and economic activity. In short, Addis Ababa has a lot to offer. Without exaggeration, the city is worth visiting. It has a lot to share with African cities— its valuable experiences for the collective growth and improvement of urban life across Ethiopia and beyond.

Unlocking Africa’s potential: Amadou Hott engages with Ethiopia’s leading entrepreneurs Addis Ababa, March 11, 2025 (ENA) ---- As Africa experiences rapid economic change, entrepreneurship and innovation are critical to driving sustainable growth. During the African Union Heads of State Summit, Amadou Hott, former Minister of Economy, Planning, and Cooperation of Senegal and candidate for the African Development Bank (AfDB) presidency, met with Ethiopia's leading entrepreneurs. Innovators who are redefining industries, creating jobs, and contributing to inclusive development. In 2024, global venture capital (VC) funding experienced significant shifts across various regions. North America remained dominant, accounting for 61 percent of global funding with 41 billion USD invested in 2024. Asia secured 13 billion USD , while Europe reached nearly 16 billion USD. In stark contrast, Africa's VC funding remains the smallest among all regions and has faced a sharp decline. The continent's total VC funding dropped to just 2 billion USD in 2024, a 25 percent decrease from 2023 and a 53 percent drop from its peak in 2022. Ethiopia's venture capital landscape is however gradually developing with several initiatives aimed at fostering growth in its startup ecosystem. In 2024, Ethiopia launched weVenture, its first VC-backed incubator, focused on scaling early-stage startups in sectors like fintech, health, and agriculture. Additionally, the country introduced the 100 million USD Enterprise Financing Facility (EFF), which seeks to improve access to capital for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Ethiopia is emerging as an important player in Africa’s entrepreneurial landscape. Local startups are using technology and innovative solutions to address the continent’s challenges. In his discussions with the entrepreneurs in Ethiopia, Hott met with influential entrepreneurs such as Abrhame Endrias CEO of Lersha App, a digital platform transforming the agricultural sector by providing smallholder farmers with access to mechanized farming services, quality inputs, and advisory support, Vince Mountaga Diop, CEO of BelCash Technology Solutions PLC, a fintech company driving financial inclusion through digital banking solutions, enabling individuals and businesses to seamlessly access mobile banking and payment services, Amadou አማዱ Daffe CEO of Gebeya Inc., a talent marketplace and EdTech platform that connects African tech professionals with global job opportunities, helping to bridge the skills gap in the digital economy and Samrawit Fikru CEO of RIDE Ethiopia, a pioneering ride-hailing service that provides safe, reliable, and affordable transportation while creating economic opportunities for drivers. These innovators are building successful businesses and reshaping Africa’s economic landscape through digital solutions that enhance financial access, transportation, agriculture, and commerce. A strong advocate for youth entrepreneurship stressed the need for better policies, tools, and support systems to unlock Africa’s entrepreneurial potential. “The time for action is now,” he said. “Africa’s future will be shaped by those who dare to innovate and build.” His visit underscored the importance of public-private collaboration in creating an environment where African entrepreneurs can thrive, scale, and attract investment. As Hott’s candidacy for the AfDB presidency progresses, his mission remains clear: to promote infrastructure development, financial inclusion, and regional economic integration. His discussions with Ethiopian entrepreneurs reflect a shared vision for Africa; self-sufficient, globally competitive, and powered by its innovators. Focusing on digital transformation, strategic partnerships, and youth empowerment, Hott aims to nurture the next generation of African entrepreneurs, driving sustainable growth from within.

Addis Ababa, March 9, 2025 (ENA)—This weekend, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed inaugurated SkyWin Aeronautics Industries, a company that manufactures unmanned aerial vehiclesfor both civilian and military use. As part of its far-reaching reform in the defense sphere, Ethiopia is witnessing tremendous advancements in terms of defense manufacturing. Particularly, the launch of SkyWin Aeronautics Industries has marked a transformative shift in its military and strategic landscape. This industry is part of Ethiopia’s broader efforts to achieve technological self-reliance in the security sector. Ethiopia has developed the capacity not only to produce and utilize drones but also to export them, the Prime Minister announced on the inaugural ceremony. “Today, as we inaugurate Sky Win Aeronautics Industries, we recognize that the locally manufactured drones before us were unimaginable just a few years ago,” the Prime Minister wrote on X. Beyond technological achievement, this development is a bold assertion of Ethiopia’s commitment to self-sufficiency, deterrence, and strategic autonomy. In a region historically shaped by external militarization, foreign interventions, and shifting alliances, the ability to design and produce advanced defense systems signals Ethiopia’s intent to secure its national interests on its own terms. Prime Minister Abiy elaborated that our ability to produce drones with diverse capabilities—designed and built by our own young professionals—is a significant milestone. He added that to sustain this progress, we must invest in continuous research, expand our market reach, and strengthen local production of smart sensor technologies. “We are developing capabilities like these—along with the advancements at Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry—not to fuel conflict, but to prevent it. Through deterrence, we seek to secure peace and stability in the face of belligerent actors” the Prime Minister underscored.

Addis Ababa, March 8, 2025 (ENA) --Africa, rich in critical energy minerals like lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements, offers transformative investment opportunities as the world shifts towards a clean energy transition. The continent holds about 30 percent of the world’s critical mineral reserves including 55 percent of global cobalt and 47.65 percent of manganese. The continent is also rich in natural graphite, copper, nickel, lithium, and iron ore. These minerals are essential for the production of batteries, fuel cells and other components used in electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy technologies, medical supplies, and high-performance metals and engines, including those used for defense and military applications. Africa’s vast mineral wealth places Africa as a competitive hub for green technology advancement. According to the 2024 Global Critical Minerals Market Review by the International Energy Agency (IEA), investment in critical mineral mining grew by 10 percent in 2023, with lithium investment rising sharply by 60 percent despite weak prices. This growth shows the strategic approach many mineral rich countries are adopting for development. While the African Union is yet to announce a formal strategy on critical minerals, the African Minerals Development Centre (ADMC) is developing an African Green Minerals Strategy which aims to guide African countries on how to exploit their raw materials. However, Africa hasn't reached its full potential as it is estimated that African countries generate about 40 percent of the revenue it could from these resources. To reach its full potential and meet international quality standards, Africa needs to focus on expanding investment opportunities. Attracting foreign investment for these minerals begins with strengthening internal efforts - modernizing mining operations by upgrading equipment, and prioritizing high-value production such as refining battery-grade lithium instead of exporting raw materials. For economic growth, on-site mineral processing is crucial as it increases export revenues and creates jobs across the supply chain. Investing in STEM education at universities and research institutions is equally important; it fosters innovation, supports knowledge transfer and encourages industry partnerships with mining companies. Ensuring global competitiveness also requires strengthening infrastructure like roads, rail, and ports which evidently boosts supply chain efficiency and elevates Africa’s attractiveness to global investors. Additionally, regional trade and economic integration through agreements such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) which represents a market of 1.4 billion people and a GDP of over 3.4 trillion USD can facilitate intra-African trade in minerals and technology, reducing dependence on external markets and fostering industrial growth. Further, by investing in modern logistics, streamlined regulations, and efficient cross-border trade policies, African nations have a great chance at maximizing the value of their mineral resources. In order to tap the potential of mining in Africa governments must give a great deal of attention to the sector in terms of policies developing national strategies tailored to their distinctive mineral resources and industrial capabilities. Governments must implement policies that promote investment in mineral processing while these fair labor practices and environmental protection are in place. Even engaging the African diaspora, many who have expertise in engineering, technology, and business, could help facilitate knowledge transfer, industry partnerships, and economic collaboration. Africa stands at a critical time with its vast reserves of minerals with the continent having great potential to drive economic growth, create jobs, and secure future wealth for its countries. However, realizing this potential requires more than just resource extraction – it demands strategic investment, regional cooperation, and a commitment to ethical and sustainable mining practices. The path forward is clear: with the right policies, investments, and international partnerships, Africa can not only meet the world’s growing demand for critical minerals but also shape a future that is prosperous for the continent.

Addis Ababa, March 8, 2025 (ENA)—In the momentous event, Ethiopia’s newly built Addis International Convention Center (AICC) was inaugurated last weekend in the Presence of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and high-level Ethiopian and foreign dignitaries. The completion of the center has been truly making Addis Ababa, ideal for global events. The Center is the latest addition to the country’s ongoing efforts to strengthen the MICE sector. Addis Ababa, considered as a political capital of Africa, has now completed the construction of the Center, the first and largest world-class convention and exhibition hub in Ethiopia. The Center is much anticipated to elevate the city’s status as a premier destination for global conferences and exhibitions. As the first, largest, and internationally standardized facility of its kind in the country, this world-class convention and exhibition center can accommodate major regional and international events. Addressing the inaugural ceremony of this world-class venue, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed underscored that the Convention Center plays a crucial role in attracting international events. He further revealed that the Center has become instrumental in fostering business tourism, and positioning the East African nation as a premier destination for global gatherings.   “It (the center) will serve us a trade venue and we exchange ideas as well as do diplomacy in this center. Major events that connect Africa will take place here. For example, in the forthcoming few months, the World AI Conference and Exhibition will be hosted here. Many ideas and knowledge will be exchanged. Since this Center will remain open to Ethiopians for the next 10 days starting today, I would like to invite young people and students to come and see this treasure and exchange ideas that express Ethiopia's aspirations,” the Premier underscored. The Convention Center is situated on 40 hectares of land and features two large halls, each with a capacity to accommodate 3,000 to 4,000 people. The center also includes 8 small and medium meeting halls, accommodating a total of up to 10,000 people and offers two hotels with a combined capacity of 1,000 beds. Addis International Convention Center is designed to meet international standards and accommodate a diverse range of events. The center will also house four large exhibition pavilions that are engineered for flexibility, allowing for easy division and combination to serve multiple events simultaneously.   Equipped with state-of-the-art venue facilities, the convention center is expected to be a prime location for large-scale exhibitions, trade fairs, and international conferences. Essentially, Ethiopia is embarking on a massive homegrown development, relying on its own capacity and development model, Prime Minister Abiy said. He further added the country has now been witnessing tremendous successes as result of its sound development policy approach. To this effect, PM Abiy referenced the comments from the 38th African Union Summit participants, which the event was held during last month February 15th and 16th 2025. According to him, those leaders from the rest of the continent and other attendees lauded Ethiopia’s incredible development trajectory and success stories, particularly the ongoing Addis Ababa corridor development. “At the recent African Union Summit, representatives from North, South, East, West, and Central Africa unanimously acknowledged that Ethiopia is shaping its own path and contributing to the broader vision of Africa in a remarkably short period of time.” For the Premier, the Addis International Convention Center is a testament for Ethiopia’s aspiration to realize all-round prosperity in this historical African nation. Prime Minister Abiy farther stated that the progress that has been made in the capital Addis Ababa through corridor development is being reinforced across many major cities of Ethiopia. “Now is the time for prosperity and success. The desire of the government and the people is to prosper, change, and progress. With the right timing and policies in place, we have an opportunity to ensure that our children do not inherit the burden of unjust debt. I urge the Ethiopian public to stand together, to prosper Ethiopia, to bring peace to our nation, and to serve as an inspiration of hope for our fellow Africans.” On her part, Addis Ababa City Administration Mayor Adanech Abebie echoed the same sentiment about Addis International Convention Center which is set to unlock significant trade and tourism opportunities for Ethiopia and the entire African continent at large.   From the outset of the far-reaching reforms, the mayor stated that Addis Ababa has been continuously carrying out massive infrastructure development activities based on the leadership and direction of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. For her, those development projects are increasingly transforming Addis into an exciting hub of continental and international diplomacy. Evidently, the transformative endeavor in Addis Ababa is sustainable, rapid, and continuous, according to Adanech. She further highlighted the projects in the capital such as the Adwa Victory Memorial, ‘Lenegewa’ Women’s Rehabilitation and Skill Development Center and other various projects that have been achieved over the last year alone. Above all, the newly built Addis International Convention Center will elevate the competitiveness of the city and Africa to a higher level, the Mayor emphasized. Apart from Ethiopia, the convention will unlock lots of opportunities for Africa to forge regional trade integration, attract tourists and foster image building endeavors, she added. Recently interviewed by Press Secretary for the Office of the Prime Minister, Billene Seyoum on Ethiopia in Focus social media platform, Tourism Minister Selamwit Kassa said the newly constructed Convention Center is going to change the game for, for, for Ethiopia in the MICE industry.   According to Minister Selamawit, Ethiopia is emerging as an important MICE and conference tourism hub, pointing out that the capital Addis Ababa has hosted more than 40 International, continental and regional conferences over the past 3 or 4 months alone. All in all, the Addis International Convention Center is highly anticipated to significantly boost Ethiopia’s position in the global event-hosting market. By attracting international conferences and exhibitions, the center will drive tourism, create new business opportunities, and provide a platform for local industries to showcase their products and services. It will also play a crucial role in fostering economic growth, offering a venue that can accommodate both public and private sector events, thereby attracting investors, businesses, and entrepreneurs from around the world.

Addis Ababa, March 5, 2025 (POA) --- The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was created to promote economic unity among African nations. Officially introduced on March 21, 2018, in Kigali, Rwanda, its objective is to establish a unified market for goods and services, enable the free flow of capital and individuals, and ultimately lay the groundwork for a continent-wide customs union. AfCFTA encourages industrialization, economic diversification, and sustainable growth, boosting competitiveness by removing tariffs on most products and minimizing non-tariff obstacles. Initially, 44 African Union member states joined the AfCFTA, marking a crucial move towards regional integration. Currently, 54 out of 55 African countries have endorsed the agreement, demonstrating widespread support for the initiative despite the continent's varied economic landscapes and development levels. This extensive participation highlights the shared recognition of the potential advantages that unified trade policies can offer. The establishment of AfCFTA came with high economic hopes, with the continent anticipating a boost in intra-African trade by over 50% within a few years. Forecasts indicated that the agreement could add an extra 450 billion USD to Africa's GDP by 2035, significantly enhancing economic prosperity. The underlying expectation was that eliminating trade barriers and standardizing trade regulations would draw investments, drive industrialization, and generate employment opportunities. Since becoming operational in January 2021, AfCFTA has already exhibited positive trends in increasing trade volume among member countries. The lowering of tariffs and easing of trade restrictions have facilitated smoother trade flows, resulting in a reported rise in intra-African trade. This growing trade volume serves as an early indicator of the potential that coordinated trade policies hold for the continent. One of AfCFTA's notable accomplishments has been the progress in aligning trade-related policies across member states. Efforts to standardize customs procedures and regulations have set the stage for more efficient cross-border trade. This harmonization is expected to reduce administrative hurdles and improve the ease of conducting business across African borders. The drive for AfCFTA has prompted investment in infrastructure development crucial for facilitating trade. Projects aimed at enhancing transportation networks, including roads, railways, and ports, have been initiated to link key trade routes across the continent. These infrastructural improvements are vital for ensuring the efficient movement of goods and services. Nations actively participating in the AfCFTA have begun to experience concrete economic benefits. Increased trade activities have contributed to GDP growth in several African countries, demonstrating the direct link between trade liberalization and economic expansion. For example, countries previously limited by restricted market access are now leveraging the broader market to stimulate their economies. AfCFTA's trade expansion has significantly contributed to employment generation. By stimulating industrial growth and increasing labor demand, the agreement has created job opportunities across various industries, especially in manufacturing and services. This job creation is vital for tackling the high unemployment rates common in numerous African nations. The agreement has drawn substantial investment from both local and international sources. The prospect of a vast, integrated market has enhanced the appeal of African countries to investors. This capital influx has stimulated economic activities, encouraging innovation and business development. Despite these advancements, AfCFTA continues to face considerable obstacles, particularly regarding tariff and non-tariff barriers. While many tariffs have been lowered, some nations have been reluctant to eliminate them, either waiting for reciprocal action or managing domestic industry pressures. Moreover, non-tariff obstacles such as complex customs procedures, licensing requirements, and other trade restrictions continue to hinder smooth trade flows. Stability is crucial for the effective operation of integrated markets, and inconsistent political environments can discourage investments and trade cooperation. Although progress has been made, infrastructure inadequacies remain a substantial hurdle. Poor road networks, inefficient ports, and unreliable energy supplies impede the efficient movement of goods and services. Addressing these deficiencies is essential to fully realize AfCFTA's benefits. To surmount existing challenges, comprehensive policy reforms are necessary. These reforms should aim to fully eliminate tariffs, streamline customs procedures, and remove non-tariff barriers. Member countries should collaborate to ensure trade policies are aligned and effectively implemented. Improving the capacity and efficiency of institutions responsible for trade governance is crucial. Strengthening these organizations ensures they can effectively manage and oversee the implementation of AfCFTA provisions. This includes staff training, technology investment, and promoting a culture of compliance and efficiency. Promoting greater regional cooperation is vital for AfCFTA's success. Member countries should engage in ongoing dialogue and collaboration to address shared challenges. Regional cooperation mechanisms can help resolve disputes, exchange best practices, and coordinate infrastructure projects that benefit all participants. AfCFTA represents a transformative initiative with the potential to drive significant economic growth and development across Africa. While there have been notable achievements, addressing the challenges is critical to ensuring its long-term success. Through supportive policies, stronger institutions, and enhanced regional cooperation, AfCFTA can pave the way for a prosperous and integrated African market.

Addis Ababa, March 2, 2025 (ENA)—The Adwa Victory is one of the most shining triumphs in the history of Ethiopia, showcasing Ethiopians' resilience, unity, and heroism to shatter colonial oppression. Commemorating the 129th anniversary of Adwa Victory today, the inspiration continues to remain steadfast not only among Ethiopians but also across Africa and beyond. The Battle of Adwa, fought on 1 March, 1896, between Ethiopian forces and Italian invading forces, stands as a powerful testament to the strength of unity and determination of Ethiopians to defend their beloved country. In the late 19th century, European powers were engaged in a fierce scramble for Africa, seeking to colonize and exploit the continent's resources. The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 formalized this division, with European nations carving up Africa for colonial imposition. In this regard, Italy deployed its military forces to invade Ethiopia. The Ethiopian forces, led by Emperor Menelik II and Empress Taytu Betul, united the people from diverse ethnic, religious, and linguistic backgrounds to defend their sovereignty. This unity was a key factor for their victory. Ethiopians from all walks of life came together, setting aside their differences to fight for a common cause. This unity shattered the ambition of the colonial forces. Needless to mention that the Ethiopian forces were outnumbered by the well-equipped and modern Italian army, however, Ethiopian forces displayed extraordinary courage and resilience to defend the enemy force from their motherland. And the victory earned in battle of Adwa conveyed clear and strong messages. Ethiopians paid dearly to safeguard the sovereignty of their country. And this inspired fellow African in particular and black people in general to resist colonialism in all its forms and defend its independence.   The Victory of Adwa triggered inspirations across Africa and beyond to rise up for liberty and freedom. Indeed, the battle of Adwa fueled global movements of Black People in demand for freedom and solidarity for the causes of humanity—i.e. equality, freedom, dignity. The victory of Adwa became a symbol of hope and resistance for colonized people across Africa and the African diaspora. Adwa shattered the myth of European racial superiority. It showed that Africans could organize, strategize, and triumph over colonial powers, challenging the racist ideologies of the time. The Adwa Victory remains a source of pride and inspiration. It is a reminder that unity, courage, and determination can overcome even the greatest challenges. Ethiopia's resistance at Adwa not only preserved its sovereignty but also paved the way for the broader black peoples' struggle against colonialism. Hence, as we commemorate the 129th anniversary of the Adwa Victory, we honor the sacrifices of those who fell for freedom, reaffirming the values of unity, resilience, and justice. Adwa is not just a historical event; it is a living legacy that continues to inspire the fight for dignity, freedom and equality across the globe.

By Henok Tadele Addis Ababa, February 27, 2025 (ENA) --- The recent high-level visit of Speaker of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Valentina Matvienko, to Ethiopia marks a significant milestone in the longstanding relationship between the two nations. Matvienko led a large number of delegates—over 70 members including ministers, senators, commissioners, and representatives from various institutions. It was the largest Russian delegation to Ethiopia to date, underscoring the growing momentum in bilateral relations and set the stage for a new era of cooperation across multiple sectors. The ties between Ethiopia and Russia are also deeply rooted in history and culture. The story of Abraham Ganibal, the Ethiopian-born great-grandfather of renowned Russian Poet Alexander Pushkin, is a testament to this enduring connection. Ganibal, who rose to prominence under Peter the Great, left an indelible mark in Russian history, symbolizing the cultural bridge between the two nations. This cultural affinity is further reflected in the resonance of Russian literature in Ethiopia. The works of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, and Pushkin are not just foreign masterpieces but are embraced as if they were written by Ethiopian authors. This shared cultural understanding fosters a unique bond, on top of diplomatic and economic cooperation. The two nations also share strong religious traditions, with Orthodox Christianity and Islam playing central roles in their cultural and social fabric. This spiritual connection has further strengthened the empathy and mutual respect between the peoples of Ethiopia and Russia, creating a foundation of trust that transcends political and economic interests. Ethiopia’s Rapid Economic Development Ethiopia, one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa, is undergoing a remarkable transformation. Over the past decade, the country has achieved impressive economic growth, driven by infrastructure development, industrialization, and agricultural modernization. Mega projects such as the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), industrial parks, and railway networks are testaments to Ethiopia’s ambitious development agenda. Ethiopia’s all-out efforts for transformation call for genuine partnership based on win-win approach. The country's agriculture , for instance, is being revitalized through wheat farming throughout all crop season where collaboration to boost the production and productivity of the agriculture sector highly sought. The nation's economy is taking off. To sustain its growth trajectory, Ethiopia will need to forge and diversify its cooperation with partner countries such as Russia. The collaboration between the two countries can yield more results with Russia equipped with all technology and knowhow, and Ethiopia with its abundant resources, they can achieve their goals based on their shared interests. Ethiopia is also keen to leverage Russian expertise in energy production. With vast hydropower potential and significant natural gas reserves, Ethiopia is looking to develop its energy sector to meet growing domestic and industrial needs. As indicated above, in agriculture sector, Ethiopia seeks Russian collaboration in fertilizer production, agrochemicals, and agricultural machinery to boost its agricultural sector, a cornerstone of its economy. On export trade front, Ethiopia aims to increase exports of coffee, minerals, and other commodities to Russia, while also exploring opportunities to import Russian natural gas and other resources. Russia, on the other hand, sees Ethiopia as a strategic gateway to the African market. With its large population, growing middle class, and strategic location in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia offers immense opportunities for trade expansion and investment in infrastructure and industrial projects. Bridging the Knowledge Gap Ethiopia's strategic pursuit of economic diversification necessitates exploring alternative import, export markets, with Russia presenting a compelling opportunity. While traditional trade partnerships remain important, the vast potential of Russia for supplying essential commodity goods and importing Ethiopian commodities remain largely untapped. This diversification is not merely about shifting trade flows - it's about building resilience and ensuring access to vital resources in an increasingly complex global landscape. The key to unlocking this potential lies in bridging the knowledge gap that currently exists between Ethiopian import exporters and the Russian market. A targeted approach to education and training is crucial for fostering a robust trade relationship. Ethiopian businesses require comprehensive insights into Russian market dynamics, including sourcing strategies, logistical networks, and regulatory frameworks. This can be achieved through workshops, seminars, and practical training programs that address the specific challenges and opportunities of trading with Russia. Furthermore, establishing direct channels of communication between Ethiopian and Russian trade associations, chambers of commerce, and government agencies will facilitate information sharing and build trust. Strengthening Parliamentary and Institutional Ties Beyond economic collaboration, the talks also focused on strengthening parliamentary relations and institutional cooperation. House of Federation Speaker Agegnehu Teshager emphasized the importance of fostering closer ties between the upper houses of the Ethiopia and Russian parliaments, as well as enhancing cooperation within the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The Russian delegation expressed interest in promoting the Russian language in Ethiopian higher learning institutions and supporting capacity-building initiatives. Both sides also explored the possibility of establishing sister city agreements to further strengthen cultural and economic links. Ethiopia’s Strategic Role in BRICS Ethiopia’s membership in BRICS offers new opportunities for collaboration among emerging economies. As BRICS continues to expand, its member states will represent an increasingly significant share of the global population and economy. Ethiopia has already established business relationships with several BRICS members and is keen to further strengthen these ties. Agegnehu Teshager described BRICS as a vital alternative platform that offers new opportunities for collaboration among emerging economies. “As BRICS continues to expand, its member states will represent an increasingly significant share of the global population and economy. Ethiopia’s membership in BRICS will open additional doors to new markets, investments, and technological advancements,” he told ENA recently. The visit of Speaker of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation Matvienko along her delegation reaffirms the deep-rooted and evolving relationship between Ethiopia and Russia. From shared historical and cultural values to complementary economic interests, the partnership between these two nations is built on a strong and unshakable foundation. As Ethiopia continues its journey toward becoming a regional economic powerhouse, Russia’s role as a strategic partner will be indispensable. Together, these two nations can harness their complementary strengths to build a future defined by shared growth, mutual respect, and enduring friendship.