During the 14th regular session of the House of People's Representatives (HPR) conducted today, the premier responded to queries from members of parliament (MPs) relating performance of federal government in this Ethiopian fiscal year. Peace and National Security The prime Minister emphasized that issues related to peace and national security of the country emanate from wrong approach to fulfill political objectives, lack of practices in resolving political problems through discussions but raising arms to bring political solutions. The premier told members of parliament (MPs) that he had the chance to discuss with various sectors of the population in Amhara regional state before some years and mentioned that the demands raised by the region focused on development needs, amendment of the constitution and settling disputes of boundary areas with neighboring states. Over the last five years, 53 road projects were designed in the state, of which 1,300 kms were completed, citing the 2.4 billion birr worth asphalt road under construction on Abay Bridge. Regarding demands to ammendment of the constitutional, the government has established inclusive national dialogue commission to incorporate all issues across the nation and reach national consensus. To this end, the government has established National Dialogue Commission. The premier also cited the peace talks held with Shene in Tanzania with a view to bringing lasting peace but did not bring about the intended result. Overall, the rejection of peaceful options by armed groups in the country has caused conflict and displacements, he noted. He stressed the need for exercising democratic principles and putting in place appropriate institutions to consolidate the supremacy of ideas and peaceful transition in the country. The government is ready for peace talks with forces who wish to build their country and continue their political objectives in a peaceful manner. However, he assured MPs that the government continues ensuring rule of law by taking measure against those forces who attempt to seize power through the barrel of gun. Fruitful Efforts in Tigray The federal government has undertaken several fruitful activities in improving transportation, telecom, bank services, and agriculture, among others, after the signing of the Pretoria agreement, the premier recalled. He revealed that over half billion Birr expenditure was made for the resumption of the air transport to Shire, Mekele and soon to Axum, which is currently under maintenance. The air transport has at least helped people with chronic diseases to fly to Addis and get medical treatment, he added. Ethio telecom has maintained over 1000 kms of optical fiber and 475 mobile sites while repairing over 20,000 landline telephones and started 4G service with hundreds of thousands of Birr in four cities of the region. As a result, the people of Tigray are now able to get the services of telecom and electricity through the joint collaboration of the federal government and the interim regional administration. The National Bank Ethiopian has also provided 10 billion Birr liquidity and some 600 bank branches are open, he said. Furthermore, he noted that some 217 factories have started operation following the Pretoria agreement, even if they still seek support. Through a special procurement, the federal government has imported 500 tractors and over 300 pumps to improve agriculture in Tigray, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed told MPs. According to him, about 630,000 hectares of land was cultivated in the region last Ethiopian year with the agricultural inputs support such as tractors, special seed, fertilizer and pumps provided by Ministry of Agriculture and regional states. Foreign Relations and Diplomacy The Prime Minister highlighted the major achievements in the sphere of foreign relations and diplomacy, mentioning Ethiopia’s full membership to BRICS. The country is connected in power grid with Kenya and efforts are well underway to do the same with Tanzania, he said. Highlighting Ethiopia's relations with Somalia, the premier emphasized that Ethiopia has paid dearly by sacrificing thousands of its daughters and sons to defend the unity, peace and sovereignty of Somalia and will continue to pursue policy of cooperation and friendship with the country. “The people of Ethiopia and Somalia are bound by blood. Many Ethiopians have died for the peace of Somalia. (And) no country has paid as much as Ethiopia for the peace of Somalia,” PM Abiy underscored. Therefore, Ethiopia has no intention of destabilizing Somalia and transgressing the sovereignty of Somalia. He recalled that Ethiopia has never invaded a country in its history. In spite of this, some quarters are trying to incite conflict between the two nations, which should not happen, Abiy underlined. “Ethiopia’s quest for access to sea is based on mutual benefit. This is useful not only for Ethiopia but also for regional cooperation," the premier reiterated. Moreover, “Somalis are our brothers, and we will grow together.” He pointed out that Ethiopia has recently trained Somali military recruits at the Hurso Training Center, and this shows that we do not have any intention to get into conflict with Somalia. Prime Minister Abiy elaborated his country diplomacy is centered around its national interest, giving priority to relations with neighboring countries. GERD Regarding the trilateral negotiation on GERD, Abiy said Ethiopia is ready to listen to the demands of the brotherly people of Egypt and accordingly address the issues to the best of Ethiopia's ability. He also urged Egypt to reciprocate Ethiopia’s demands. The information which claims that Ethiopia's filling of the GERD will cause the Aswan Dam's water volume to decrease has been practically disproved, Abiy noted. The GERD has proved the fact that there will be no significant damage to the lower riparian countries. Economic Achievements With regard to tax collection, the revenue collected in the first six months of the fiscal year amounted to 265 billion birr, achieving 98 percent of 270 billion birr target. This represents a 17 percent increase when compared to the same period last year. He acknowledged the need for further improvement, citing the experience of countries like Morocco and neighboring nations that collect higher percentages of their tax-to-GDP ratio He further underscored the significance of tax collection for promoting adequate development in the country, calling for necessary reforms to increase the tax revenue. Speaking about export and import trends, he stated that the country earned 10.7 billion USD. from goods and services, with an earning of 4.5 billion in the first half of this year. In terms of import, Ethiopia imported goods worth 17 billion USD last year, while this year's import amounted to 7.5 USD in the first five months. Inflation is a result of various economic challenges, primarily stemming from insufficient domestic production, he said, noting a slight decrease in inflation from 30 to 28 percent this year. The government's strategy to combat inflation involves boosting production, he stated, adding that successful outcomes have been registered in wheat and rice harvesting. The premier pointed out the significant reduction in spending on wheat by saving over 700 billion Birr annually. The government has not taken commercial loan during the past five years, the premier recalled, adding the nation has paid 9.9 billion USD debts in the stated period.

By Bereket Sisay The recent fourth round of negotiations on the Great Renaissance Dam ended inconclusively due to Egypt's intransigence over the dysfunctional colonial agreement and its consequent unwillingness to reach an agreement on the dam, in particular to finalize the rules and guidelines for its initial filling and annual operation. Despite Egypt's blockade of a tripartite consensus, Ethiopia continues to build its colossal dam on the basis of equitable sharing of natural resources, with concrete construction due to be completed next June. But in an unusual diplomatic gesture, Ethiopia, as the upstream country, continues to plead with the downstream countries to accept its zeal to develop its natural resources without harming its neighbors, contrary to the modus operandi of contemporary realpolitik, if I'm not mistaken. Old Habits Die Hard… It is baffling how Egypt still deliberately misunderstands Ethiopia's position and obfuscates reality in its favour. Years ago, researchers proved that the dam would have no significant impact on the lower riparian countries. Moreover, Ethiopia has often expressed its intention not to harm its neighbors as a sign of its political commitment to regional cooperation. Against this background, Egypt has been busy accusing Ethiopia of neglecting the concerns of the riparian states and pursuing its own position at the expense of others. In reality, however, it is Egypt that is the hegemonic agent over this natural resource, to which Ethiopia contributes more than 80 percent while using zero; conversely, Egypt takes the lion's share while contributing nothing. However, there is no international law, including customary international law that supports Egypt's illogical assumption regarding ‘its water security’. The Egyptian side has created pitfalls against genuine cooperation and a way forward. The Baseless lament echoed by Egypt regarding Ethiopia’s dam is nothing but one of its conspiracies being orchestrated to deter Ethiopia’s aspiration for development, without causing harm on any of the riparian nations. Principle Stance, Diplomatic Push From the very beginning of the construction of the Grand Renaissance Dam, Ethiopia has made it clear that an internal development issue has driven the country to harness the Nile. Ethiopia has a huge population, while a significant portion of the population is still mired in abject poverty. This has been caused by compounding challenges but basically as a result of the lack of huge infrastructural facilities that have a huge impact on the human development in the country. Inadequate level of electric power is a major challenge as it is a basic recipe to intensify development in every sector. Ethiopia, in a move to avert this cycle of poverty and tilt towards a realm of development with fast economic growth, it has started the dam. The very notion of Ethiopia's quest to develop and start building the dam while using its natural resources is no different from Egypt's years of aspiration to use the Nile River, if we are really able to look at its basics. Again, Ethiopia did not just start building the dam out of the blue. The dam is being built in accordance with international laws governing transboundary water resources. What's more, the scientific studies carried out on the dam have proven that the dam will not have any significant negative hydrological, socio-economic and environmental impact on the downstream countries, and it is on the basis of this empirical finding that the nation has proceeded with the construction of the dam. This stance is firm and stands in stark contrast to Egypt's puzzling water security concerns, which have no legal basis whatsoever with regard to shared natural resources. Ethiopia's pragmatic stance implies, among other things, a simple inclination towards possible political and diplomatic exercises that double down on the principle of regional integration, an agenda for which Ethiopia is known. More importantly, Ethiopia has always made a diplomatic push to change course to a realm of genuine engagement, and this will continue in the future, as the government's interest’s show. Cooperation - A step forward The Nile is a shared natural resource that all riparian countries have the right to use and develop on the basis of equality and fairness. Any move that goes against this general practice could potentially turn the water into a point of contention rather than a variable for mutually beneficial development. This has been evident over the years as disagreements over the dam have arisen at different levels of the construction process, with Egypt unable to objectively understand Ethiopia's concerns. This has created mistrust that further limits cooperation on various regional agendas, including water resources. Thus, genuine negotiation is the only viable solution to this lingering stalemate. For this to happen, Egypt must first recognize Ethiopia's genuine intention to build the dam, the basic principle of fairness and equality vis-à-vis international water law, be it the Helsinki or any other conventional agreement on the use of transboundary water resources. The other major factor that could potentially change Cairo's mind would have been the status quo, as the principle of 'do no harm' has been upheld throughout the dam's construction. Moreover, Ethiopia has reaffirmed its commitment to uphold this principle in the future. In addition, the riparian countries should work towards the establishment of the Nile Basin Commission to promote equitable and reasonable use of the Nile waters. Despite the tripartite disagreement, and with no alternative option left for Ethiopia, the Grand Renaissance Dam is by now a done deal as its construction is already in sight. However, there may be a need to continue to use the Nile water for future needs, either for Ethiopia or for other countries, and such a legal framework is by far essential to avoid a split among the countries of the region to use water resources for mutual development. Ethiopia, together with other countries, is spearheading the agenda to accelerate the ratification of the Comprehensive Framework Agreement (CFA) by the member states of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), which is a prerequisite for the establishment of the Commission.      

By Awad Abdusebur Even after several decades of colonization by the West, Indians are still celebrated for preserving their culture, traditions, and rituals. We in African countries also know Indians very well through their famous romantic movies and music performances decorated with beautiful traditional attires without forgetting their distinguished services they are rendering to us as teachers and mentors both in high schools and universities. Another feature that makes India well-known worldwide is the Taj Mahal, the most magnificent structure ever built in memory of Mumtaz Mahal, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan's favorite wife. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Taj Mahal, built completely of white marble in the 17th century, symbolizes not only the world's greatest architectural achievement but also the unity, harmony and togetherness of the diverse cultures, languages, and religions of this great people of India. This world’s populous nation with more than 1.4 billion people has now been emerging as one of the most influential country in the world particularly in terms of economy and international diplomacy. During my journey to this giant nation last December, with a group of over thirty journalists from sixteen African countries, I had the opportunity to personally witness these unique elements of the country. The Indian External Affairs Ministry arranged a week-long familiarization program that highlighted the nation's accomplishments in the fields of international relations, economic development, democratization and technological advancement, among other areas. In our conversation with Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, as part of the visit, we were able to understand the nation's foreign policy toward emerging nations, especially those on the African continent, is actually quite realistic. India's diplomatic and international relation endeavors being carried out to help ensure the overall benefits of developing nations are remarkable. The county is striving to realize the aspirations of Africans and other developing nations through a variety of international mechanisms, such as the South-South cooperation. These efforts are now bearing fruit for the benefit of both India and African nations. AU & The G20 India made a commitment to accelerate South-South collaboration when it was awarded the G20 presidency last year. The goal was to create a world where all people would benefit from fair political and economic engagement. The Group of Twenty (G20) is one of the huge and most influential blocs established 24 years ago by the finance ministers and central bank governors of member nations in the wake of the Asian financial crisis with a goal to discuss about international financial and economic matters. Nothing is more critical than bringing the multifaceted interests of the global South to the attention of such stage as many scholars, researches and political economy analysts share same idea about the importance of addressing the developmental, political and economic needs of the developing nations with a view to creating a peaceful world in which everyone lives the happy life they deserve. India has made a number of initiatives in the last year as part of its efforts to safeguarding the interests of the global south. It advocated for developing countries' interests and concerns on the global arena while representing the Global South in the G20. It has made an effort to raise awareness of the issues and goals of the Global South while emulating international collaboration and solidarity. One of the successful achievements in this regard is the inclusion of the African Union (AU) in G-20, whose members represent 85 percent of the global GDP, over 75 percent of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population. The European Union, which is the largest regional economy, is part of the G20 together with 19 other major and advanced economies. Since the decisions made in this bloc are very influential in shaping international politics and economic relations, adequate representation of Africa in the group is crucial not only for the continent to achieve its aspiration for transformation, but also for the effective implementation of all decisions by the group. Hence, it would be possible to argue on the fact that AU’s inclusion in the G-20 will boost the group's legitimacy and acceptance of its decisions by all global players, including the Global South and stakeholders in the global economy. Under India's presidency last year, the African Union (AU) was admitted as a permanent member of the bloc. India made the proposal, which received unanimous support from the G-20, for the AU to become a permanent member. India pursued this goal as part of its overarching plan to strengthen South-South cooperation. In terms of international diplomacy, India's backing of the African Union's admission to the G20 is seen as historic. It not only makes the AU's bid stronger, but it also demonstrates India's genuine commitment to the realization a more just and representative international order. Strong and sincere international cooperation and partnerships are essential to addressing the enormous difficulties facing the modern world, which is beset by countless natural and man-made disasters. Therefore, by utilizing the opportunities in multilateral entities, integrating the AU in the G20 is advantageous for both sides to accomplish their own agendas, which when combined would bring about positive changes in the global system in terms of establishing a more equitable, prosperous, and sustainable world. In his recent interview with local media, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said “ India’s G20 Presidency has sowed the seeds of confidence in the countries of the so-called ‘Third World.” He also stated that the efforts to create an all-inclusive multilateral forum will be intensified in collaboration with the developed nations, “because today, they are acknowledging the potential of the Global South more than ever before and recognizing the aspirations of these countries as a force for the global good.” AU’s inclusion in the G-20 would also help African countries to avert their daunting development challenges the nations have been encountering in terms of loans by international financial institutions such as the World Bank and IMF, in improving the existing debt architecture, security and undesired geopolitical constraints affecting the continent. India Champions Africa's BRICS Ascension As an original BRICS founding member, India has long intertwined its roots with Africa's ambitions. Now, as Ethiopia and Egypt join the alliance under India's backing, the continent gains a vital megaphone to articulate its voice on issues of trade, sustainability and global equality. Born in 2006, BRICS has blossomed into a formidable force representing high-growth emerging economies. Its core vision champions equitable and sustainable development worldwide. This resonates deeply across Africa's 54 countries seeking to transform deprivation into prosperity. India has pledged to fortify cooperation with Africa under the BRICS banner. As a pioneer of South-South collaboration, it offers Africa in-depth technological expertise and IT knowledge transfer, alongside investments in infrastructure, agriculture and green energy. These shall aid African nations in fulfilling the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Africa's Agenda 2063. So as Africa realizes its rightful place at the BRICS table with Egypt and Ethiopia now included, India remains a trusted ally, walking hand-in-hand towards a brighter, shared future. Many consider the BRICS as one of the major influential groups in the contemporary global geopolitics and economy as it is an important alliance that brought some of the world's leading emerging economies together representing large percent of the world's population, GDP, and trade. The BRICS aspire to foster growth that is equitable, sustainable, and beneficial for all countries by establishing a very strong and deep cooperation among their member nations in addition to establishing balanced diplomatic and international politics worldwide. This is a good opportunity for Africa. Being the most deprived and unprivileged continent in the world, Africa needs the BRICS to help it reverse this reality. Currently, three African nations are represented in the bloc out of the ten members. Analysts claim that South Africa, Ethiopia, and Egypt's membership in the BRICS is essential to effectively advancing the continent's transformational efforts and giving it a voice in the international sphere. The BRICS is an alliance that strives for fairer and just global political and economic exchanges by eradicating the existing discrimination through strengthening the South-South Cooperation. In this regard, the BRICS is significantly vital global partner to realizing Africa’s aspiration for transformation as the effective implementation of South-South cooperation could be a driving force to attaining the various development instruments of the continent including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2063. The three African nations in the BRICS would play crucial role in voicing and safeguarding the continent’s economic and diplomatic interests in the global stages in collaboration with the nations in the bloc including India, which is one of the pioneers in realizing the objectives of global South that strives for the equal political and economic engagement with the global north. Indo-African Ties The other important thing that I was able to witness during the familiarization tour with the group of African journalist to India is the country’s enthusiasm to work with countries in Africa for shared development. In all our conversations with pertinent officials including External Affairs Minister, investors, scholars, and heads of several institutions in the country, Africa was the center of discussion. The country has been taking several measures towards strengthening its ties with Africa in the areas of trade, investment, technology exchange, infrastructure development, mitigating impacts of climate change among other vital development sectors. India has demonstrated its commitment to Africa through a series of events dubbed the India-Africa Forum, which have been conducted since 2008. The most recent one took place in 2015 and featured participation from more than 50 African nations. In light of their shared basic priorities, both sides agreed to step up their cooperation in all areas of development with the ultimate goal of eradicating poverty, as outlined in Africa's Agenda 2063 and the Sustainable Development Goals, among other very important matters. The efforts have so far been bearing fruits in strengthening the ties of African countries with India. The volume of trade between India and African nations is increasing. As of right now, trade between the two countries has reached 103 billion USD, placing India behind the EU and China as Africa's top trading partners. India has invested a total of 70 billion in Africa; by 2030, the Confederation of Indian Industry hopes to have increased that sum to 150 billion. Along with forging solid alliances with African countries, the India Export Import (EXIM) Bank is financing large-scale development initiatives across the continent. Along with having robust public-private partnerships and safeguards against debt distress, India is also the second-biggest lender in Africa. The African Development Bank (ADB), which New Delhi joined in 1983, serves as the primary conduit for Indian aid. Opportunities are still there to be tapped for the benefits of both Africa and India. For instance, the country offered billions of US dollars in concessional loans to help Africa's socioeconomic development in the areas of infrastructure, irrigation schemes, solar electricity, cement, sugar, and textile factories, technology parks, and railroad infrastructure, among other things. India is prepared to share its cutting-edge technology advancements that I have visited during my stay in Hyderabad, India’s largest technology city that aspires to become global giant in information technologies and digital economy. When the African journalists visited the International Solar Alliance (ISA) headquarters in Haryana, India, they were also able to witness India's dedication to addressing the challenges posed by climate change. The Indian government took the initiative to form ISA during the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) in 2015 held in Paris, France, with the aim of advancing solar energy technologies as a way to provide carbon-free energy access from solar radiation. At the moment, Africa comprises more than half of the ISA member states. African nations and India are currently collaborating to develop solar energy projects across the continent. Additionally, the ISA and the African Development Bank are collaborating to build 10,000 MW of solar power plants in the Sahel with the goal of supplying electricity to around half of the 600 million Africans who remain off-grid. Being member of the G-20 and BRICS, as well as the leading advocate of South - South Cooperation and genuine multilateralism, coupled with its fast growing economy with technological advancement, India is among the most important nations across the globe. What I have clearly understood from my weeklong visit is that India gives top priority to Africa. Hence, I am obliged to accept the fact that India is key nation to partner with to help realize Africa’s aspiration for acquiring fair position in the international stages, eradicating of the current prejudicial global political and diplomatic engagements and ensuring equitable development by extricating poverty.

Ethiopia-Somaliland Port Deal Heralding Era of Optimism By Henok Tadele (ENA) On the momentous day of January 1, 2024, Ethiopia etched its name in the annals of history as it inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Somaliland, heralding a dawn of partnership and cooperation for access to sea and ports. This landmark agreement sets the stage for multifaceted frameworks of collaboration, carrying immense significance for both signatories. The MoU stands out as a testament to Ethiopia's unwavering ambition to secure vital sea access and expand its reach to seaports, ushering in a new era of enhanced cooperation and regional integration in the Horn of Africa. Moreover, it empowers Ethiopia to assume a more proactive role in championing peace and security within the region. According to the Government Communication Service, this agreement presents Ethiopia with a golden opportunity to establish a permanent and dependable naval base and commercial maritime services in the Gulf of Aden through a lease arrangement. Additionally, it outlines provisions for equitable sharing of the lease's benefits with Somaliland, including a fair share for Ethiopian Airlines. Furthermore, the MoU encompasses clauses that facilitate a thorough assessment of Somaliland's pursuit of international recognition by Ethiopia. This comprehensive MoU serves as a resounding testament to the unwavering commitment of both parties in fortifying their friendship and addressing historical challenges. It paves the way for strategic collaboration and mutual development, fostering an environment of optimism and propelling the nations towards shared prosperity. As the New Year commenced, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed shared the joyous news with Ethiopians, Somalilanders, and proponents of peace and prosperity, expressing gratitude for the blessings bestowed by the Creator as he signed the agreement with President of Somaliland, Musa Bihi. He hailed the agreement as a "dawn of mending fractures." emphasizing the significance of the MoU with Somaliland. He expressed his optimism about the MoU’s potential to foster collaboration, mutual growth, prosperity, and lasting peace. The premier reiterated Ethiopia's commitment to shared progress and resources, without imposing its will on others. The agreement holds immense potential for transformative impact. With sea access, Ethiopia can reshape regional and global trade routes, leveraging its strategic location and large consumer market of over 120 million people. This shift is expected to significantly reduce costs and inflation within the Ethiopian market, as it introduces additional routes to port and grants Ethiopia greater control over its maritime logistics. While substantial investment will be required for port infrastructure and capacity enhancement, the agreement marks a crucial step towards Ethiopia's economic evolution. The agreement sets the stage for Ethiopia to emerge as a leading trade and prosperity hub in East Africa, capitalizing on its position along the Red Sea. The agreement signifies a new chapter for Ethiopia, granting it access to the Port of Berbera in Somaliland. And it is poised to propel Ethiopia into a new era of economic growth and prosperity. Ethiopia Sets Sail To New Horizon The groundbreaking port agreement in Somaliland lends landlocked Ethiopia for access to sea and ports, slashing costs and unlocking global trade opportunities.The implications could be transformative. Ethiopia can reshape trade flows through Berbera Port over the next 50 years by leveraging its vast consumer market. Home to over 120 million consumers, Ethiopia is positioned to leverage these advantages to become a fulcrum in regional and global commerce, reshaping trade flows between Asia, Europe and Africa. The country will also set sail on sea towards an anchorage brimming with possibility - poised to become the gateway to East Africa where fortunes await for generations to come. New Port Deal Charts Course for Economic Ascendancy Ethiopia, a nation long synonymous with ancient history and captivating landscapes, has etched its name onto a modern-day narrative of remarkable economic expansion. Over the past two decades, this East African powerhouse has charted a breathtaking course, transforming from an agrarian economy into a dynamic hub of industry, infrastructure, and burgeoning services. This meteoric rise, fueled by an average annual GDP growth for many years has lifted millions out of poverty and earned Ethiopia the coveted title of Africa's fastest-growing economy. This is not without challenge. This landmark agreement with Somaliland grants Ethiopia strategic access to the Port of Berbera, a gateway on the Red Sea offering a potentially significant reduction in maritime trade costs. Analysts envision this move as a transformative one, capable of positioning Ethiopia as a pivotal trade nexus between Asia, Europe, and Africa. The influx of investments, industries, and global commerce could propel annual GDP growth to a new high over the next decade, further solidifying Ethiopia's position as an economic powerhouse. As the world watches with anticipation, Ethiopia navigates the uncharted waters of this transformative deal. Should it successfully harness the opportunities presented, the nation stands poised to redefine its economic trajectory, soaring to new heights and cementing its place as a beacon of success on the African continent. In nutshell, Ethiopia has emerged as a steadfast beacon of peace in the tempestuous Horn of Africa. As the fastest-growing power in the Horn of Africa, it has actively engaged in mediating disputes in the region, while spearheading monumental regional integration projects, such as hydroelectric dams and transport corridors. In addition, shared investments in port infrastructure and streamlined cross-border trade forge common interests between Somaliland and Ethiopia, intertwining their destinies and strengthening interdependence. Perched strategically along the multifaceted coastline of the Red Sea, Ethiopia is widely known as a vigilant guardian against the persistent threats that besiege this restless region.With a steadfast commitment to regional stability, Ethiopia strives to navigate the currents of uncertainty and chart a course towards a peaceful and prosperous future not just for itself but for all.      

By Tiruwork Ayalew From the end of July to November 2023, 80 journalists from 70 countries gathered in Beijing, the capital and diplomatic center of China, to explore and experience Chinese culture, history, socio-economic development, politics and diplomacy under the framework of the China International Press Communication Center (CIPCC). I was among these journalists joining from Ethiopia. The program gave me the chance to become acquainted with the culture of other journalists and their experiences in the media. We were given different lectures on China’s socio-economic development, diplomacy, culture, science and technology, as well as journalism training and internships with China’s media organizations like CGTN. We visited different cities, provinces, infrastructure projects, manufacturing facilities, cultural sites, and historical places, which helped me gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of China. Moreover, I had the opportunity to cover major international events like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and China International Import Expo (CIIE). All of these activities and experiences are invaluable for covering the real story about China. During my stay in China, I realized the country has many different narratives from which journalists can draw lessons for developing countries like Ethiopia. As a journalist, I witnessed China’s past achievements and ongoing efforts to create a better future and promote shared growth through initiatives like the BRI and CIIE. China’s history, economic development, culture, poverty reduction, inclusive policies, peace and security efforts, hospitality, diplomacy, work ethics, time management, and public spirit amazed me. Especially notable is what China achieved over the past three decades in poverty reduction, setting an example for developing countries like Ethiopia. To lift people out of poverty, China implemented various policies that helped millions of citizens escape destitution and become the world’s second largest economy. According to Professor Wang Sangui, a Chinese anti-poverty researcher, China achieved remarkable poverty alleviation through economic development policies and targeted interventions. Sustained rapid economic growth was a key driver, fueling rural reform, agricultural development, job-creating manufacturing, and urbanization. Since the mid-1980s, China also implemented direct regional and household poverty targeting. Regional targeting drove faster development in poor counties and villages, while recent precision targeting of households helped lift the remaining poor above the poverty line of $2.30 per day. Together, these strategies enabled China to eliminate absolute poverty and build a moderately prosperous society, meeting its first centenary goal. Professor Wang has witnessed the fruits of development even in remote villages, now connected through high-speed rail and other infrastructure. Since 2013, China pursued a targeted poverty alleviation strategy as the core of its anti-poverty drive. All identified poor households gained access to specialized programs while those near the poverty line were closely monitored. Additional strategies included relocating 10 million people from harsh environments to more hospitable areas to improve their prospects. Governments mobilized 600 billion Yuan for relocation subsidies during the 13th Five-Year Plan, facilitating job placement, transportation and integration of resettled households. Ecological compensation policies also aided poverty alleviation, subsidizing families who returned farmlands for reforestation and grassland conservation. Many poor people became forest rangers, earning stable salaries. The results have been remarkable. Since the late 1970s, China lifted 874 million citizens out of poverty, with the poverty rate falling from 88.3% to less than 1% in 2015. Progress accelerated after 2013 when precision targeting helped lift 100 million poorest rural residents out of poverty within just 7 years. China achieved the historical milestone of eliminating absolute poverty nationwide. Professor Wang stresses that as millions transitioned from poverty towards moderate prosperity, China refocused policies on growing together with developing countries. The Belt and Road Initiative promotes collaborative prosperity through infrastructure, trade and humanitarian assistance. Over 150 countries, including my native Ethiopia, have signed on. Professor Huang Yanghua, Professor of economics and head of Department of Industrial economy at Renmin University of China, explains that over the past decade, China provided substantial investments and market access enabling shared growth. With sustainability emerging as a global priority, China's people-centered, egalitarian development model offers solutions. Its rapid translation of policies into poverty alleviation successes provides a blueprint for developing countries like Ethiopia to adapt and achieve broad-based prosperity. Key Lessons for Ethiopia Structural economic transformation is critical:- China lifted over 800 million people out of poverty through rapid industrialization, infrastructure building, technological upgrading and growth in higher-productivity sectors. Ethiopia's 10-year plan similarly targets GDP growth averaging 10% annually, shifting the economy from agriculture towards export-oriented manufacturing and value-added services. Success requires attracting private investment into supportive policies and public goods. Trade, FDI and global value chains are accelerators:- Export-led growth played a major role in China's poverty alleviation, accessing foreign markets and technologies. Ethiopia aims to grow exports from 32.6% to 42.1% of GDP through greater competitiveness and participation in value chains. Priorities like industrial parks, skill development and trade logistics can boost manufacturing and enable firms to integrate into global production networks. Innovation and technology raise productivity:- From rail and digital networks connecting China's countryside to e-commerce and agricultural tech, technology sharply cut poverty by raising productivity, connectivity and capabilities. Ethiopia's digital and innovation pushes can likewise prepare farmers and informal workers for higher-income work while improving delivery of health, education and other services. Partnership and collaboration share success:- South-South cooperation has been integral to China's development assistance philosophy. Joint projects like skills centers and industrial zone development can directly transfer experience while aligning with Ethiopian priorities. A collaborative mentality and two-way exchange will produce shared gains. Professor Wang stresses taking China's successes as a reference but adjusting policies based on local realities. Sustained economic growth enabled China's poverty alleviation by generating opportunities for the poor. Relevant strategies for Ethiopia include boosting productivity through training and prioritizing export-oriented sectors. Professor Huang also advises developing labor-intensive light manufacturing initially, as it absorbs surplus low-skilled labor, provides on-the-job training, and builds modern production capabilities. With abundant labor, industries like leather and garments can drive Ethiopia's early industrialization while meeting rising consumer demand. Professor Keyong a professor of foreign studies at Minzu University of China highlights China's ethnic harmony policies, caring for all groups' rights and interests within a strong legal framework. As in Ethiopia's constitution, laws safeguarding minorities must be strictly implemented. Mutual respect and understanding enable unity and synergy across diversity. Ethiopia's rich history shows past success uniting a multi-ethnic state towards national development. In summary, pillars for adapting China's experience include sustained and equitable growth, export orientation, pragmatic industrial policies, quality infrastructure, and cultural unity with diversity, technological leapfrogging, and global collaboration. Via people-centered development cooperation with partners like China, Ethiopia can progress towards its goal of becoming Africa's icon of prosperity. China has always been expressing readiness to strengthen its bilateral cooperation with Ethiopia in all aspects of development. This cooperation is being demonstrated in various development activities in Ethiopia including mega infrastructure projects such as railways, roads among other.

Addis Ababa December 22/2023 (ENA) Building on the experience and success of prior projects such as Unity Park, Sheger Riverside and Entoto Park projects in Addis Ababa, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed launched the Dine for Nation initiative in August 2020 to develop three new world-class tourist sites in different regions. Dine for Nation is part of the national project initiated by the premier in a bid to develop eco-friendly tourist destinations.   The projects developed are Gorgora in south of Gondar on the north shore of Lake Tana; Lake Wonchi, “a piece of paradise” with hot springs and water falls; and Koysha, a uniquely situated place in green hills and lush forests. Gorgora is a beautiful town located on the shore of Lake Tana at a distance of 61 km from the historic town of Gondar, Amhara region. This sleepy port town will enchant with its offer of ancient monasteries, lakeside relaxation and endemic wildlife. Lake Wonchi is another bright feature of Ethiopia located about 150 km away west of Addis Ababa in the Oromia region; and it is expected to be one of the most spectacular tourist destinations in Ethiopia. The incredible beauty of the crystal clear waters that lie in the crater and the greenery of the alpine vegetation make the landscape unique. The other newly introduced tourist destination under the Dine for Nation project, Koysha is situated in the green hills of South West Ethiopia. With its rich natural, artificial and historical resources, it is the biggest of all the three projects in terms of size, content and diversity. Ethiopia is among the oldest independent states with more than 3000 years of history. Spectacular chains of mountains, caves, lakes, rivers, dense forests and deep gorges are some of the natural wonders found in Ethiopia. These sites are therefore rich with various endemic animals, birds, and plants. Besides possessing numerous man-made and natural tourism attractions, Ethiopia is the cradle of humankind that makes it among the top tourism destinations in the world. Through the facilitation of basic infrastructure, multidimensional investments, recreation and hospitality, tourism is expected to catalyze the local economies. When fully completed, the projects will play a significant role in creating a beautiful eco-tourism environment by changing the appearance of the surrounding area.   They will also turn the potential natural resources and beauty of the areas into economic benefits. In general, the huge development works that are being carried out in tourism sector at the national level are crucial for the development of the economy. The projects, whose construction have been nearing completion, are believed to give impetus to strengthen the tourism sector of Ethiopia as they offer the untapped opportunity for investments in eco-tourism. Meanwhile, the third flagship Dine for Generation initiative will be launched at Geralta of Tigray, Hayk of Amhara, Jimma town of Oromia, Arbaminch town of South Ethiopia Region, Niin Lee Palm Spring Lodge of Afar, and Jigjiga town of Somali regions. Also, two other private investments will be launched in Benishangul Gumuz and South West Regions to expand tourism. All in all, these spectacular places will make Ethiopia a land worthy of visit for international tourists.

Bereket Sisay The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 28), held from November 30 to December 13 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, took stock of the progress made over the years and set a new course in the fight against global warming, notably by reaching a historic agreement on the transition away from fossil fuels. However, the agreement was criticized by developing countries, among others, for failing to make concrete commitments on financial support for their transition away from fossil fuels. Despite the accord on the final document, the world is once again caught in a dilemma as the toll of climate change continues to mount, while the nerve-wracking question of whether these ambitious promises will be kept or, if past trends are anything to go by, fallen short. Developing Countries Apprehension COP 28 attempted to resolve an outstanding issue for developing countries by agreeing to a Loss and Damage Fund. The need for the fund was based on the fact that developed countries should take responsibility, based on their sheer level of historical emissions, as part of the burden-sharing of the global south, which is bearing the brunt of current global warming. Following the approval of the L&D Fund, developed countries pledged a total of $700 million by the end of the conference. This is a huge step forward, but it falls short of what is needed, as it covers only a meagre 0.2% of the losses that developing countries suffer each year as a result of the threat of global warming to which they have contributed little. Moreover, the pledges are not significant given that losses and damages in developing countries are estimated at more than $400 billion per year. Nevertheless, there are various questions about how the fund will be sustained, how it will deliver, and other critical factors to address major gaps in compensating the most affected countries. And it is up to developing countries to drive the agenda until it is pragmatically translated into action. Despite the progress made in approving the research and development fund, the concerns of developing countries have not been fully addressed in line with the lack of financial commitment on how to transition away from fossil fuels and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Indeed, low-income countries have been calling for a framework to help them attract more adaptation finance and to link the adaptation goal to specific financial targets, but financial delivery is not in sight. This is partly related to the burden-sharing of the global south, as a significant number of countries are financially capable, which severely hampers investment in capital-intensive innovative technologies for climate adaptation. UN data from November shows that developing countries will need between $215 billion and $387 billion a year to adapt to climate change in this decade alone, while only $21 billion in public adaptation finance will be available by 2021. This is a huge gap and a new financial deal is needed to close it. In particular, financial support is needed to accelerate climate-smart agriculture. Many countries, particularly in Africa, are currently facing various socio-economic challenges as a result of higher temperatures, droughts, changing rainfall patterns and climate variability. This threatens to reverse some of the development gains and push millions of people into higher levels of extreme poverty. Ethiopia’s Climate Action Ethiopia is one of these developing countries facing the challenges of climate change. Despite the impact of lack of adequate financial support for its climate action, as part of the Global South, yet it has been implementing various types of adaptation and mitigation strategies by once own internal resource mobilization. And, COP 28 has helped the country to showcases its effort in averting climate change and its effort to contribute its fair share for the common global challenge. In his remarks at the summit, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (PHD) highlighted the home-grown solutions Ethiopia has been implementing to reduce emissions and build resilience, citing the Green Legacy Initiative launched in 2019 as a nature-based solution to avert climate apocalypse. Under the Green Legacy Initiative, 32.5 billion seedlings have been planted so far, while the country aims to plant 50 billion by 2026. "Our goal is to reach 50 billion by 2026. When completed, it will be the largest reforestation project in the world," said the Prime Minister." This initiative is successfully reducing carbon emissions, preserving our biodiversity, creating jobs and boosting sectors such as tourism. Furthermore, Ethiopia's pavilion at the summit showcased the country's efforts to combat climate change, in line with the Prime Minister's remarks at the opening of the summit. The pavilion also showcased Ethiopia's efforts to transform its food system by planting various drought-tolerant crops and using climate-smart irrigation technology. This has resulted in some concrete achievements over the years, such as the production of wheat on 6 million hectares in one year. The platform also provides an opportunity for Ethiopia to showcase its efforts to promote nutrition-sensitive agriculture, including livestock and dairy products, through a programme called 'Yelemat Tirufat', which loosely translates as 'Bounty of the Basket'. This programme alone is playing a crucial role in transforming the country's food system from subsistence to a more productive output. This is a huge step towards achieving the goal of food security, while at the same time contributing to a more nutritious diet that will help build a healthier society in the long term. In addition, visitors to the Ethiopian pavilion were amazed at what Ethiopia is doing to tackle climate change, citing Ethiopia's efforts as exemplary and expressing their willingness to work together. Representatives of international organisations and officials praised Ethiopia's leadership on climate change, saying that Ethiopia's journey towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy serves as an inspiration for other developing countries facing the challenges of climate change. They also acknowledged the challenges Ethiopia faces and stressed the importance of international cooperation in addressing climate change. This is indeed a good opportunity for Ethiopia to promote its climate action and pave the way for partnerships with countries and international organisations. Ethiopia has also hosted and participated in various events and conferences related to climate change, and while this gives a direct impetus to its climate diplomacy, it is crucial for Ethiopia to strengthen its multilateral engagement and cross-sectoral cooperation. Building a Sustainable Future In short, COP 28 was an important opportunity to further strengthen action to avert climate catastrophe. Moreover, the Summit has recognized that developing countries, especially African countries, are grappling with the challenges of climate change, while at the same time calling for more support for these countries to help them build resilience. We shouldn't lose sight of the fact that the fight against climate change requires a concerted effort and that any retreat from a comprehensive approach would have negative consequences in terms of missing the climate target. Therefore, addressing the concerns of developing countries in particular, and fast-tracking the Loss & Damage and Adaptation Funds would have a huge impact on accelerating climate action, rather than hindering progress. Reinforcing this idea, Prime Minister Abiy stressed that "the biggest challenge to scaling up the solution is the cost of capital and the way international finance is structured". He went on to say that no country can effectively address the climate challenge if debt is a burden, and urged the international community to help countries address debt, the climate challenge, and pursue more equitable and sustainable economic growth goals through the distribution of funds.  

By staff writer Ethiopia, a nation renowned for its rich history and diverse cultural heritage, has been grappling with internal conflicts for decades. Internal conflict still persists in the country. However, a glimmer of hope is emerging with the signing of the Pretoria Agreement in November 2022, marking a crucial step towards lasting peace in the northern part of Ethiopia. Now, Ethiopia steps onto the path of reconciliation, radiating from renewed aspirations for peace and stability. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, the Ethiopian government has adopted a comprehensive approach to address the root causes of internal conflicts, paving the way for a more equitable and harmonious future. At the heart of these endeavors lie two pivotal initiatives: transitional justice and national dialogue. The initiatives aim to redress historical grievances, promote human rights as well as facilitate constructive engagement among political elites to reach consensus on major national issues and forge national unity. Transitional justice stands as a beacon of hope aims to address past injustices and human rights violations through mechanisms of accountability, reparations, and reconciliation. Simultaneously, the national consultation seeks to cultivate inclusive discussions and consensus-building, fostering national unity by addressing longstanding grievances. In his recent address to foreign diplomats, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister Demeke Mekonnen spoke with unwavering conviction about the nation's peace efforts, emphasizing the significance of transitional justice and the national dialogue in steering Ethiopia towards enduring stability. These initiatives, he explained, reflect the government's unwavering commitment to healing historical wounds, nurturing unity, and fostering a shared vision for Ethiopia's future. Demeke acknowledged the challenges ahead, emphasizing the need for "genuine commitment and unwavering determination" from all stakeholders. He called for constructive engagement in the national dialogue process, stressing that "truth-telling, forgiveness, and reconciliation are fundamental to building a lasting peace." The success of these initiatives will hinge on several critical factors, including inclusivity, ensuring all voices are heard and represented in the national dialogue and transitional justice processes. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in his explanation he gave to members of parliament (MPs) in mid-November, 2023 said that all should support the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission for the benefits of citizens and the country. Abiy stressed that "we have to help the commission in every way we can. Everyone should help them for their benefits," he noted and emphasized a missed opportunity is regrettable. And in conducting transitional justice and inclusive national dialogue, transparency, open communication, delivering accountability for past human rights violations and ensuring fair and equal access to justice for all; and political will as well as sustained commitment from all political actors to prioritize peace and dialogue over division and conflict are imperative. Transitional justice refers to measures implemented by countries emerging from periods of conflict. It may involve judicial processes like trials, truth commissions, reparations programs, security sector reform. In Ethiopia's case, experts say transitional justice is essential to come to terms with a history of violence among political elites that has perpetuated cycles of political turmoil and harmed civilians. “Ethiopia really needs a comprehensive transitional justice policy that has to be implemented in a very genuine, independent and impartial process,” according to Mareshet Tadesse, a member of transitional justice working group at the Ministry of Justice. As Ethiopia continues its journey towards peace, the resilience of its people and the unwavering determination of its leaders serve as a beacon of hope for a brighter future. Through transitional justice and national dialogue, Ethiopia is charting a new course, embracing the values of accountability, reconciliation, and unity. This journey represents a testament to the nation's enduring spirit and a renewed commitment to peace, setting the stage for a future defined by harmony, equality, and shared prosperity.    

Addis Ababa,November 23/2023(ENA)-Angola’s Ambassador to Ethiopia, Miguel César Domingos Bembe has spoken exclusively to ENA on the bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the Ethiopia and Angola on related issues. Excerpts follow: ENA: Ambassador, thank you for your time for this interview. First, I would like to say congratulations on the 48th anniversary of Angola’s independence. Ambassador Bembe: Thank you very much. I would also say thank you for the opportunity ENA has granted me to address various issues inherent to bilateral and multilateral cooperation between the Angola and Ethiopia. I would also like to take this opportunity to congratulate ENA on its 80 plus years of existence, always at the service of Ethiopia, in the hard work of producing and distributing stories in texts, audio and video news on national, regional and international issues. To say a few words about Angola’s independence, I would like to remind that this achievement took place in a complex and challenging national and international context, influenced by the division dynamics of the Cold War. When proclaiming Angola’s independence to Africa and the world on 11th of November 1975, the first President of the Republic, Dr António Agostinho Neto, made a commitment to defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and well- being of the Angolan people and a determination to contribute to the liberation of the oppressed peoples of the continent and the world. After nearly three decades of internal conflict, Angola finally achieved lasting peace on 4th of April 2002. Now Angola celebrates 48 years of independence, the country stands as an example of conflict prevention, management and resolution in Africa, which resulted in the designation of President João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço as African Union Champion for Peace and Reconciliation in Africa, in May 2022, in Malabo, Republic of Equatorial Guinea. Our recent past has taught us to prioritize dialogue and political consultation in the framework of an ever more dynamic democracy that respects and values differences of opinion and advocates reinforcement of the country’s current environment of peace, security and stability. As part of the celebrations of the 48th anniversary of Angola’s independence, I would like to highlight the inauguration, on November 10, 2023, of the new International Airport Dr António Agostinho Neto (AIAAN). It covers an area of one 1,324) hectares, with a capacity for 15 million passengers and a cargo volume of 130,000) tons per year. The airport will be fully operational in three phases, the first of which will be cargo services, which began on the 11th of this month; the second, domestic flights, which will begin in February 2024 and the third international flights is scheduled for June 2024. ENA: What do you think should be done to strengthen the existing relations between the two countries for the benefit of their peoples? Ambassador Bembe: Indeed, the relationship between Angola and Ethiopia is one of history and friendship, inspired by the defence of multilateralism in the resolution of global problems and Pan-Africanism as the basis for the implementation of the African Union’s Agenda 2063, entitled “The Africa we want.” Both countries share common values, based on the principles of democracy, good governance and respect for human rights, the prevention, management and peaceful resolution of conflicts, the regional security and stability, the protection of the environment and the fight against climate change, the promotion of growth and inclusive sustainable development and the acceleration of the process of continental integration, including inter and intra-African trade. I recall that diplomatic relations between Angola and Ethiopia were established in 1977 and remain aligned with the interests of the respective governments. It is pertinent to expand and diversify these relations beyond diplomatic cooperation, with the aim of matching the current economic development and strategic influence of both countries. We also need to capitalize on the opportunities of its geopolitical location (Angola, at the crossroads between the southern and central regions of the African continent, and Ethiopia, at the crossroads between Africa, the Middle East and Asia). To this end, I would like to emphasize the need to consolidate the bilateral legal basis by concluding legal instruments, among others, general agreement on cooperation in the economic, technical, scientific and cultural fields, as well as political consultation. I believe that it is very important to revise the legal instruments, specifically in the fields of air services which have been in effect since 1977 and trade instruments since 1981. I also believe that we should be looking at new areas of cooperation with comparative advantages, namely in the agricultural sector, in the agro-processing and pharmaceutical industries, in the development of industrial parks, as well as in the oil pipeline industry. As I mentioned earlier, both countries signed the Bilateral Air Services Agreement in May 1977, which was supplemented by a Memorandum of Understanding in September 1998 to allow their airlines to operate daily passenger and cargo services between the two capitals. In January 1981, the two countries signed a Trade Agreement on the Exchange of Products and Goods, under which Ethiopia began exporting meat, oilseeds and wine to Angola. For its part, Angolan exports to the Ethiopian market included oil products, crude oil, aluminum foil, marble, flour and fish oil, among other products. The two countries also set up a joint commission between their ministries of foreign and trade to monitor the implementation of the agreement. The parties recognized the need to establish cooperation bases that are more in line with their current political, economic and social development and that offer reciprocal advantages. ENA: What are the key areas in which the two countries can work together in the future? Ambassador Bembe: I think I have made it clear that the relations of cooperation between Angola and Ethiopia have great potential for strengthening and diversifying, especially in the economic and investment fields. The leaderships of both countries are strongly committed in promoting this potential, particularly in the fields of aviation, oil and gas, mining, telecommunications, coffee, tourism, health, culture, sport and financial services. ENA: In recent times, the economic potential of Ethiopia and Angola has emerged as a force capable of increasing bilateral cooperation. What should be done to strengthen economic cooperation between the two countries? Ambassador Bembe: In fact, in recent decades, the economic development potential of both countries has been emerging as a driving force behind more comprehensive bilateral cooperation. To increase this cooperation, we are also planning to hold an Economic Forum to encourage the establishment of a structured and dynamic relationship between companies, chambers of commerce and sectoral associations in both countries to foster cooperation in the private sector. On the other hand, I think it is important to have political consultations at higher level to assess cooperation and prepare the conditions for a multi-sectoral ministerial meeting, during which legal instruments already initialed could be signed; the revision of the Air Services Agreement, providing the legal framework for a possible program of aeronautical training or maintenance and repair of Angolan aircraft. I would like to take this opportunity to reinforce relevant information already shared, that our diplomatic mission is preparing an interactive Economic and Business Forum on investment opportunities in Angola, scheduled for the 27th of this month of November, with the aim of attracting investment in various areas of activity. With this event, we will be taking an important step towards strengthening economic cooperation between our countries. ENA: What is the international and regional cooperation of the two countries like for mutual benefit and in African issues? Ambassador Bembe: In the multilateral context, our relations are also very strong and should be continually reinforced. I emphasize cooperation in the field of peace and security, particularly in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and beyond, an area in which Ethiopia has a great deal of experience. In this context, in 2020, Angola approved a law authorising the deployment of military and paramilitary contingents outside the country as part of humanitarian aid and peace support operations. The threats posed by terrorism and violent extremism in Africa are security challenges that require the two states to take concerted action within the framework of existing national and continental mechanisms. This is a good opportunity, as Angola will be a member of the African Union Peace and Security Council (PSC-AU) for the 2024-2025 biennium and will preside over the destinies of the continental organization in 2025. ENA: What is your opinion on the participation of the two countries in speeding up the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)? Ambassador Bembe: With regard to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), it is essential to align the national political agenda of each state with the goals pursued by this flagship project of the African Union, a common market of around 1.3 billion people. Angola, as a state party, ratified and deposited the required legal instruments in November 2020, thus contributing to the entry into force of the Agreement in January 2021. The Angolan Government, led by President João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, is working to improve the business environment in the country and on the continent, boosting industry and encouraging an increase in national production, through several strategic plans. In this context, Angola seeks to domesticate or appropriate international commitments under the United Nations’ Agenda 2030 and the African Union’s Agenda 2063. Ethiopia, thanks to its great agro-industrial potential, should take a leading role in the operationalization of the AfCFTA, expanding inter and intra-African trade, while at the same time promoting support for other African states through the sharing of knowhow, thereby boosting the growth of the food production and processing industry on the African continent.  

BY STAFF WRITER In his response to the queries raised by the members of the House of Peoples' Representatives (HPR) during its 4th regular session held yesterday, Prime Minister Abiy dwelt upon, among others, major challenges facing the country, achievements made in the macroeconomic sphere and Ethiopia’s legitimate and genuine quest for sea outlets based on win-win approach. MPs raised issues pertaining to peace and stability in the country, agricultural development, inaugurated and ongoing national development projects, diplomatic issues, matters related to accession of ports, civil service reforms, education and public health. On local Issues Currently, the major reasons for the challenges facing Ethiopia emanate from emotionally charged sentiments and conspiracy-oriented narrations, the premier remarked. Prime Minister Abiy noted that by pulling our ideas together like the tributary rivers of the Nile, the narrative to be built should be in a manner conducive to peace, development and prosperity of mankind. He pointed out that coming out of extremist ideas and accommodate a balanced thought is what Ethiopia is expecting and needs from every citizen at this particular moment. Recalling the situation in Amhara region, the premier said the state of emergency declared on Amhara region has brought about relative peace and order. The intention of the illegal armed groups to dismantle the regional government has been thwarted, the premier said. By virtue of a millennial history, socio-cultural and economic interaction, the people of Ethiopia were and are multi-national. A country cannot be built by a single narration, the premier underlined, adding that it is necessary to work together for a common cause by listening and respecting each other. To this end, the government focuses on critical and inclusive agendas of national significance and would never resort to fomenting divisive views. The country is seeking a grand narrative which is built for decades to replace polarized views with multi-national unity. On National Dialogue Everyone should support the Ethiopian National Dialogue Commission for the benefits of citizens and the country, Prime Minister Abiy underscored. As there are difference of opinions and disagreements among various opinion leaders and segments of society on some fundamental national issues, it is necessary to alleviate and resolve the differences and disagreements through a broad based inclusive public dialogue and reach national consensus. We have to help the commission which has been working with great diligence in every way we can, the premier said. On Macroeconomic Achievements Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated that Ethiopia has doubled its GDP over the past five years from around 84 billion USD to about 164 billion USD by following multi-sectoral economic approach. Stabilizing the macroeconomy was one of the targets of the Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda Amid many man-made and natural challenges in Ethiopia and in other parts of the world including conflicts, COVID-19, pressure of fluctuation of the international trade system, the nation has managed to double its GDP for the first time in history, the prime minister affirmed. He recalled that Ethiopia’s GDP was about 84 billion USD by the time he came to power, adding that the country’s GDP has now reached about 164 billion USD. The per capita income has also reached 1549 USD from 882 USD five years ago which registers double growth. Ethiopia is one of the few countries in Africa and around the world that are registering fast economic growth. The industry sector registered 6.9 percent growth last Ethiopian budget year following the growth of the electric sector, recording the highest growth by more than 12 percent. The construction and manufacturing sectors also registered 7.1 percent and 7 percent respectively during the stated period. Manufacturing is one of the critical sectors for the nation, Prime Minister Abiy stressed and added total production capacity of factories were around 47 percent, but now it reaches 55 percent increasing by 8 percent due to the activities launched by Ethiopia Tamirt Movement. On Ethiopia’s Legitimate Right for Sea Outlets Ethiopia will continue raising the issue of getting access to sea and alternative port through win-win approach, the premier underscored. With a population of about 47 million and low economic growth 30 years ago, Ethiopia had two ports, he recalled The premier thanked the government and people of Djibouti for contributing to the growth and development of Ethiopia by allowing the country to use their port over the past years, adding "we have no concern and fear from Djibouti government and people, but we need the neighboring countries, including Djibouti, to understand our concern." According to him, it is important to find an alternative port as Ethiopia's economy and population are growing at a high rate. “Ethiopia didn't ask an inappropriate question that is out of the law. Ethiopia has no desire to fire a shot at neighboring countries. But, we are saying let us discuss this in terms of the law and business.” Ethiopia believes that the issue of port should be resolved immediately and without delay, Prime Minister Abiy said. Neighboring countries and governments of other countries should understand that we have submitted a request to get access to sea by sharing Ethiopian Airlines, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam or other organizations, and that we are committed to common development. As Ethiopia needs peace, prosperity, and development, it is ready to discuss about the issue of port with all friends who believe in this agenda.  

BY BEREKET SISAY Ethiopia has made bold assertion about its natural and legitimate right to sea outlet. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed recently made presentation to Ethiopia’s members of parliament about the importance of access to the sea. The underlying principles of his presentation, were among others, while pursuing for the common destiny of the peoples who have consisted in any of the country, for instance, in Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya and Eritrea, the peoples deserve utilizing resources in the region for mutual benefits as they have common heritage, language and culture. It is against this backdrop that Ethiopia has offered for equitable and fair utilization of resources, in this case, sea outlets, and the issue must put on table for peaceful dialogue and discussion. Let alone in 21st century where mutual cooperation, shared vision and mutual benefits, multilateralism and give and take are much articulated in the global stage, these notions were among the core guiding principles for the United Nations, African Union and other regional and international blocks. Even if we follow the currents trends among nations in the region, there are collaborations, despite variations in magnitude. If wisdom prevails, countries in the region will intensify their endeavors and explore all avenues for common prosperity. Given historical, geographical, cultural and inter-dependence nature of the neighboring peoples, negotiations and give and take principles are in their best interest. For its growing population and economy, Ethiopia's lack of access sea outlets for its foreign trade is a major obstacle to the country's attempts to boost its exports and reap the benefits as desired. Needles to mention, the lack of direct access to the coast diminishes the country's export performance as it discourages business entities due to operational cost of freight in the logistics network. In support of this argument, studies have shown that landlocked developing countries continue to face structural challenges in accessing global markets. As a result, landlocked countries often lag behind their maritime neighbors in terms of overall development and foreign trade due to their distance from the coast. The UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States report shows that lack of territorial access to the sea, remoteness and isolation from global markets, additional border crossings, cumbersome transit procedures, inefficient logistics systems, weak institutions and poor infrastructure cause LLDCs to incur significantly higher transport and other trade transaction costs than coastal countries. These high costs have an enormous trade-restricting effect, which has a direct negative impact on economic growth and puts LLDCs at a disadvantage in realizing their full potential in support of their sustainable development efforts. Moreover, dependence on another country's port is not a sustainable and viable option for a nation, as it is based on principles agreed between countries, as opposed to having its own natural direct access. Thus, it is possible to conclude that lack of access to sea routes and exposure to high transportation and transit costs puts Ethiopia at significant economic disadvantage position and for this it is not surprising that Ethiopia is now reconsidering options to gain access to the Red Sea. Moreover, gaining access to the sea would have a huge positive impact on Ethiopia's economy, giving a new impetus to the country's overall development. Sea outlets will further stimulate the economy, of course with dividends to all. This is because the sea outlet will enable Ethiopia to reconnect to one of the world's most important trade routes - the Red Sea, which, according to the European University Institute, now carries around 80% of the world's trade by sea, as well as more than 12% of the world's seaborne cargo and 40% of Asia's trade with Europe. Given Ethiopia's geo-strategic location, the lack of direct access to the Red Sea is an obstacle to the country's future. So, Ethiopia's call for access to the Red Sea can be achieved through peaceful diplomatic engagement with neighboring countries. More importantly, neighboring countries should first deem Ethiopia’s request as a legitimate concern as part of a regional agenda for shared economic prosperity. What's more, Ethiopia's willingness to offer part of its national assets, such as taking a share from Ethiopia Airlines, Ethio-telecom, including the Great Renaissance Dam, attest that Ethiopia is calling for a genuine partnership and win-win cooperation. This is not solely for Ethiopia but a dividend for all who are engaged. This is the explicit call that the Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has made to countries in the region. There are countries that have gained access to the sea after long diplomatic efforts. For example, it was sincere diplomatic negotiations that led to Poland's gaining of access to see, and it's no different for Ethiopia to seek direct access to the Red Sea through mutually beneficial and peaceful diplomatic means. Therefore, neighboring countries must be open for dialogue as sea outlet for Ethiopia is imperative both for its current as well as future economic goals and dividend for all. Ethiopia's request for sea access is not a matter of competing interests between neighboring countries, but of mutually agreed benefits that will further regional economic integration in the context of shared development agenda. It must be noted that the Horn of Africa, which has long been characterized as a hotspot of insecurity and fragility, can easily transform the region into one of sustainable peace and development as long as the countries of the region are inclined towards such a mutually beneficial agenda, and this is incumbent on all the countries of the region.  

BY SOLOMON DIBABA The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) is marking its 116th Army Day with various events that depict the heroic feats it has accomplished for over a century. Over the course of its glorious history, the ENDF has defended not only the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country but also demonstrated an exemplary anti-colonial struggle that set an example for the decolonization of Africa and all countries and peoples who were languishing under the yoke of the imperialist colonial forces. The recent history of the country shows that the defense force has repulsed scores of external aggressions and forces that threatened the statehood of the country. This article outlines some of the most unique features of the Ethiopian defense force both at national and international level. First, the ENDF is a national force of peace which has been engaged in international peace keeping missions under the auspices of UNSC over the last several decades and to date. Suffice it to mention the heroic internationalist stance of the ENDF in Korea, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Sudan, and Somalia. In these missions, apart from keeping peace, the Ethiopian missions were actively engaged in supporting communities in the countries by providing livelihood inputs, including supply of relief food and water, construction of schools, clinics and other infrastructure facilities. The ENDF has now become a center of science and technology specializing on the promotion of the defense capabilities of the nation. Apart from the above mentioned contributions, ENDF has become a pan Africanist force that rendering trainings and organizing the defense forces of several African countries in various areas of the defenses sector. Among other things, the ENDF has been contributing to the mitigation of natural and man mad calamities which were cause by the effects of climate change in Ethiopia. The defense force contributed to provision of relief food and water supplies to areas affected by drought in the country. The ENDF has now become an important center of higher education and learning in various areas of military and non-military capacity building programs. This has helped the defense force to effectively carry out mega projects in the country. Moreover, one of the most important contributions of ENDF is related to the promotion of import substitution in which machineries and other technical goods, heavy duty trucks are now produced in ENDF technological enterprises. It must also be noted that ENDF has pioneered in the struggle against terrorists that plagued the Horn of Africa. The army foiled repeated intrusions of Al-Shabaab and ISIS terrorists in almost all cases by its own efforts. As a bulwark of peace and development, the peace and sovereignty of Ethiopia has been maintained despite the challenges. Above all, the ENDF is the guardian of the constitution and rule of law in the country. It will continue to be the sole defender of peace, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country.  

BY SOLOMON DIBABA The international law of the sea establishes principles and mechanisms so that landlocked countries can have access the sea and integrate into the global maritime system. In this regard, Ethiopia’s resolve to have access to sea in the neighboring countries based on mutual benefits and respect is legitimate. To this end, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed emphasized the importance of discussions on sea ports with leaders of neighboring countries. Discussion among leaders of the region will further consolidate socioeconomic cooperation and durable peace in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia’s accession to ports is an important component of its socio-economic, diplomatic, political, historical and socio-cultural development. First, Ethiopia’s strategic and geostrategic location and proximity to the Red Sea, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Indian Ocean, Middle East, Persian Gulf and Far East countries. Ethiopia is at close proximity with major important ports the region. On the other hand, a significant portion of the global fossil fuel trade is being transacted through the Red Sea which makes access to ports on the Red Sea highly critical for Ethiopia. Second, access to ports has a critical bearing on the national security of Ethiopia. Given the power rivalry on the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia cannot be indifferent to any level of threats to the national security, peace, sovereignty and territorial integrity. Ensuring national security as an important diplomatic, political and economic center linking to the Horn and the rest of Africa, the issue of access to ports to Ethiopia peacefully and through negotiations, “ is not a matter of luxury but a question of survival” according to a recent presentation Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed delivered to members of the parliament (MPs). Third, having access to ports would enable Ethiopia to share its own natural resources with Africa and the rest of the world thus contributing to the global economic development in the context of BRICS, Belts and Roads Initiative, Agenda 2063, AfCfTA and African economic integration. And fourth, access to ports will further promote Ethiopia’s cultural and historical relations with coastal countries. Fifth, Ethiopia has now reestablished its national naval force, with accessing ports in partnership with Red Sea littoral states, where the nation can contribute to the protection of safety of commercial ships by combating sea piracy and sea terrorism. Sixth, unfettered access to the Red Sea will enable Ethiopia to export its processed and semi-processed agricultural products, minerals etc. and import manufactured goods, IT products and other commodities. Seventh, Ethiopia will further enhance her political assertiveness among countries in the world and Africa in particular to advocate for pan Africanism through which African countries can use their own resources for development and build their national economies. So, the issue of ports is a matter of concern for the nation—i.e. the entire citizenry here and overseas. This writer would like to conclude this article with quotes from Prime Minister Abiy’s presentation: “Ethiopia is endowed with population, resources and skilled manpower. There are some remaining things that should be addressed through time. However, this matter prevents Ethiopia from acquiring its place and position in Africa. We need access to the sea. We need the Red Sea. We need Indian Ocean. However, it is important to explore options. Is our option one and only one? It is important to explore alternatives by inquiring the type of options as it will enable us to comprehend the matter better.”      

By Staff Writer Following the Pretoria Peace Agreement, Ethiopia has made relentless efforts to restore basic services and administrative units in the Northern part of the country. Public services were restored and key infrastructure repaired, with resumption of economic recovery in banking, trade, agriculture and other services. The peace agreement has produced tangible results. Inhabitants of major cities in Tigray are now breathing air of peace after the agreement. Accordingly, the people have expressed their happiness, relief and hope for lasting peace. The peace deal creates new opportunities for national rebuilding and reconciliation. Despite such developments, recently, the UN Undersecretary General and Special Advisor on the Prevention of Genocide released an irresponsible and reckless statement on the situation in Ethiopia. The special advisor heavily relied on the report of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia (ICHREE) to make an inflammatory statement against Ethiopia. The dividend of the peace agreement to Ethiopia has been enormous. Suffice to say, Ethiopia's diplomacy has come out of international pressure, with growing foreign direct investment (FDI). The peace Agreement Stimulates Economic Growth The Pretoria Agreement has helped the country to focus its on economic development. In her recent speech President Sahle-Work Zewde delivered at the joint session of the House of Peoples’ Representatives and the House of Federation, Ethiopia registered 7.5 percent economic growth over the last concluded fiscal year of 2015. This economic boom is registered despite the various challenges facing the country. The economic growth is largely a result of peace returning to the country. As a result, agriculture, services, manufacturing, foreign investment, finance, among others, registered growth and expansion. The economic boom has also enabled the opening of 160 closed factories through the 'Let Ethiopia Produce' initiative. The country also commenced exporting wheat for the first time in history. As a results of steps taken by the government, the agriculture sector cultivated more than 22 million hectares of land and crucial monetary and fiscal measures taken to alleviate the challenges of the cost of living. Overall, the country is experiencing strong economic growth despite challenges facing us. One can say that the economic development is the direct result of the peace dividend. The success of the agreement has also helped the country to boost its diplomatic engagement as several high level delegations from around the word visited Ethiopia and met with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and other senior government officials. The peace agreement enabled Ethiopia to elevate its diplomatic ties with many countries to a higher level. Steps Taken for Lasting Peace in Ethiopia With a view to consolidating the peace process, the government has taken a lot of steps including establishment of the National Dialogue Commission and Transitional Justice mechanisms. Establishment of National Dialogue Commission The Ethiopian government established the National Dialogue Commission in 2021 to facilitate a national dialogue process aimed at promoting peace and reconciliation in the country.The commission has a broad mandate to facilitate a dialogue process that will address the root causes of conflict in Ethiopia and develop recommendations for building a more peaceful and inclusive society. It has engaged extensively with a wide range of stakeholders, including the government, political parties, civil society groups, and religious leaders and representative of the society in different parts of the country. The establishment of the consultation was a significant step forward in Ethiopia's efforts to promote peace and reconciliation. The dialogue process is essential for Ethiopia to address the root causes of recurrent conflict and build a more peaceful and inclusive state formation. Transitional justice Transitional justice has helped many African and Latin American countries address rights violations, ensure accountability, and strengthen institutions for stability and democracy. It is an important conflict resolution tool for divided, post-conflict societies like Ethiopia with a history of political violence. Ethiopia now seeks transitional justice for sustainable peace, reconciliation and justice. It is finalizing a transitional justice policy document through extensive consultations. Transitional justice is seen as the best way for Ethiopia to confront its unsettled past and break the cycle of violence. The policy aims to heal past wrongs and help overcome inherited challenges. The goal is to build consensus on the root causes and usher in a new positive political culture. With implementation of the policy, there is hope that Ethiopia's history of cyclic violence will end, cementing state building endeavors peacefully which all Ethiopians aspire. The Ethiopian Government has been reiterating commitment to consolidate peace in the country. This is not without internal and external challenges. The government is making relentless efforts to address extreme views among political elites and reach consensus on major issues of the country and consolidate lasting peace by implementing several initiatives. The peace process in Ethiopia needs to be supported, not tarnished!  

Irreechaa, Biggest Out Door Annual Thanksgiving Festival Oromo women and girls celebrate Irreechaa dressed in the vibrant cultural attire of their people. Their brightly colored dresses are made of a lightweight cotton fabric. The dresses are intricately embellished with multicolored beadwork, showcasing the fine detail and artistry of Oromo craftsmanship.   The beadwork follows traditional patterns and designs that have been passed down for generations. Tiny seed beads in shades of red, yellow, green, blue and white are sewn into geometric shapes and floral motifs, each pattern carrying its own significance. This intricate beadwork is a hallmark of Oromo culture.    

By Girma Mirgisa Reba Ethiopia is endowed with beautiful diversity and richness of cultures, which are celebrated at different times in the country. In particular, September is a month of festivals, holidays and celebrations around the country, among which, are Meskel festival and Irreechaa festival, thanksgiving of the Oromo people. It also represents the start of Ethiopian New Year , symbolizing a stimulating time of change, thanksgiving and renewal, with the celebration of a series of cultural and religious festivals throughout the month. It is also a season when the landscape is dressed with the golden color of Ethiopian daisies, locally known as Adey Abeba flower. Ethiopian New Year signifies a time of renewal, as the rainy season subsides leaving behind lush fields blooming with yellow daisies which adorns homes of many Ethiopians throughout September, and representing the spirit of peace, hope, harmony and love which come along the New Year. Meskel, a UNESCO-inscribed intangible cultural heritage, is also celebrated by Ethiopian Orthodox Christians on Meskerem 27 and commemoration of the unearthing of the True Cross of Jesus. The Yo Yo Gifata of the Wolaita, Yo Masqalaa of the Gamo, Ya Hode of the Hadiya, Meskel of the Gurage, Hashu Masqala of the Kembata Tembaro, Gofa Gaze Masqalaa, and Mashqare-Kaficho, among others, adorn the month of September in southern part of the country by festivities and joy. It is also a time of attracting more tourists. Similarly, the week-long Irreechaa cultural festival is observed by the Oromo people at the beginning of spring as a time of peace, reconciliation, unity and thanksgiving and forgiveness. Irreechaa is ‘Thanksgiving Day’ for the Oromo people after the end of the rainy season. It is celebrated for all things that Waqaa ‘God’ has done for people like bringing rain, peace, health, fertility, abundance, and for the beautiful weather they have cherished. In the course of Irreechaa festivals, thanks will be given for the achievements of last year and chanting for the hope and productivity of the future. The Oromo people consider the winter; rainy season that lasts from June to September as the time of difficulty because the rainy season causes much muddy and the surroundings covered with heavy cloud. The heavy rains are also accompanied by thunder and cold weather. The weather conditions make life inconvenient for human movements. The heavy rains may cause rivers to over floods and family relationships to fall into difficulty. Therefore, the Irreechaa festival is all about rekindling about family connections, hope and joy. Friends and relatives who missed each other and the beautiful nature for a long time due to the rainy seasons long for getting together for the blessings and festival of Irreechaa by the Oromo people. It is also a season where sowed crops will blossom, get ripe and bear fruits.   Irreechaa is celebrated in different localities across Oromia and worldwide where Oromos are living. In particular, the Irreechaa festivity which is taking place at Hora Finfinne and Hora Arsadi in Bishoftu town, is a unique thanksgiving festival which brings together millions of people from all corners of Oromia and the country. Irreechaa is a time for the Oromo people to celebrate their culture and traditions. People during the festival wear colorful traditional attires as well as sing and dance. It is one of the best festivities of Ethiopia where cultural singing and dancing are common. This grand festival attracts a large number of the Oromo people and people from all parts of the country regardless of age, religion, political affiliations and sex to come together and celebrate the festival with extraordinary love, chanting and unity. It is a time to honor nature and give thanks for the blessings of brotherhood. The concept of peace and reconciliation are an important and integral part of the daily activities of the Oromo people. The Oromo preach peace and reconciliation and offer blessings during thanksgiving ceremonies of Irreechaa. The worldview of the Oromo is to forge unity, peace and social relations with other people. Peace is achieved when mankind is at peace with God, nature and all creations. According to the sayings of the Oromo“Peace is a gift from God; and peace is better than wealth.” This shows how much the Oromo people value peace. The Oromo people love and respect their Creator, take care of nature, have a good relationship with God, and take the view that a person who does not have a good relationship with God will not have peace with man and other creatures either. So, Irreechaa celebration is a manifestation where the whole walks of life practice chanting about peace and reconciliation. And all who participate in the chanting pray for the peace of the Earth, the country, children, elders, wish best for the present life and next generation as well as for livestock and all living things. Thanksgiving Day is where the Oromo people proclaim peace and reconciliation to all without revenge but with pure heart. Forgiveness is central to the Ireechaa festival. Ireechaa is believed to be of great importance to those people who are able to give forgiveness for their intentional or unintentional grievances with other people. The day of the festival is believed to be a day of peace, happiness, reconciliation, forgiveness and prosperity. Accordingly, before anyone celebrates Irreechaa, be they individuals or groups, resolving conflicts between them, reconciling, forgiving each other, establishing peace and reconciling with God are the preconditions to be observed. That is why the saying of the Oromo has it: “Yoo namni walitti araarame, Waaqnis namaaf araarama” which means “If a man is reconciled to a man, God is reconciled to man.” In Irreechaa celebration where Oromo people celebrated this grand festival along with other nations and nationalities of this country. Since recently, not only Oromo people, but also different nations and nationalities in the country are celebrating the event together with their Oromo brothers and sisters. This in turn has been consolidating linkage among the nations and nationalities thereby strengthening the love, unity and harmony among Ethiopians. Such a festival serves as a significant forum to further exchange cultural values among the Ethiopian nations and nationalities.   Since the Gada System has been registered as one of the Intangible International Cultural Heritage by UNESCO, Irreechaa festival is also embraced by the international community at large as part and parcel of an ancient tradition of the Gada system. So, a lot is required from all stakeholders to promote this festival and exploit its tourism potential. It is also important to promote the significance of this grand festival at international level and get registered by UNESCO. The festival should also be celebrated in accordance with its values and assets and pass on to the next generation.

BY SOLOMON DIBABA The Ethiopian New Year comes up with various religious and cultural celebrations which are marked indoors among families and outdoors with the entire public in mammoth paraphernalia. Meskel, the holiday celebrated in commemoration of the unearthing of the True Cross is celebrated with the building of Demera bonfire. This year Meskel is celebrated in Ethiopia even when two more tangible Ethiopian heritages, the Bale Mountain National Park and Gedeo Natural landscape have been inscribed as world tangible heritages. Ethiopia has registered 15 tangible and intangible world heritages becoming the top country in Africa in registering the heritages. Meskel, meaning the cross in Amharic is an annual religious national holiday among the faithful of Ethiopian Orthodox Church. It takes place on the 27th of September. In addition to its religious values, Meskel coincides with the end of the main rainy season (June to September) and the onset of Ethiopian spring in which fields and meadows in the country are carpeted with mesmerizing Ethiopian daisies, locally known as Adey Abeba, with their captivating yellow colors which majestically carpet the Ethiopian fields. The daisies prevail September until a few weeks of October and then disappear and reappears same period the following year. The commemoration of Meskel started with Demera, a ceremonial burning of a large bonfire. It is a special event that is conducted on the Eve of Meskel to recall the smoke that led Empress Helena to the site of the True Cross. In the afternoon of September 27, dozens of Sunday school students and members of the clergy and move through Meskel Square chanting spiritual songs that last for hours. Hundreds of thousands of people from diverse communities also flock to the square in Addis Ababa as colorfully dressed priests chant hymns and prayers and perform their unique rhythmic dance in front of the pyre. At the climax, the patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church lights the bonfire. According to the teaching of the church, the True Cross, was thrown in a ditch or well, and then covered with pile of dirt and earth for many years until Empress Helena, mother of Constantine, guided by revelation identified the place where the cross of Jesus had been buried. Accordingly, Empress Helena was told to build a bonfire, light it and discover the cross that had been buried. She ordered the people of Jerusalem to bring wood and make a huge bonfire. After adding frankincense, the bonfire was set ablaze. Then, the smoke raised high up to the sky and then bended to the ground, spotting exactly where the True Cross had been buried. As darkness begins to set in, the Demera is set ablaze, declaring joyful jubilation and ululation. The following day is the official day of the commemoration of the finding of the True Cross, Ethiopians attend liturgy and a feast and celebrate with family and friends. Many take the ash from the Demera and apply it on their foreheads with a shape of a cross. It is also an occasion when many urbanites, for example, the Gurage people pay a visit to their families in rural villages to mark the holiday together. The Demera festival of the Meskel holiday, dates back to 1600 years. It has been registered as world intangible heritage by UNESCO since December 2013, as the first intangible Ethiopian heritage. During the festival, a special species of birds known as ‘YeMeskel Wof -Meskel’s Bird’ also appears. Generally, the word 'YeMeskel Wof' is used to call the four bird species, namely the northern red bishops, indigo-birds, whydah and widow birds, and yet it has more than ten species under it. These birds are also enjoyed by bird watchers during Meskel. These birds are endemic to Ethiopia, and do not migrate from one place to another as other birds do. September is their reproduction season and the color of their feathers gets changed in order to attract opposite sexes. Due to this change, it looks that they are new birds that appear only at this time of the year. Meskel is a major tourist season in Ethiopia. Thousands of tourists from many countries converge in Ethiopia to enjoy the festival. Tourists particularly enjoy Meskel celebration in Addis Ababa. The True Cross is said to have been brought to Ethiopia and is kept at Amba Gishen, which itself has a shape of cross.  

BY SOLOMON DIBABA The Addis Ababa University School Law commemorated its Alumnae Convention and 60th Anniversary of its founding in the presence of government higher officials from the Ministry of Justice, the Supreme Court and various institutions on the 23rd of September 2023. Established on 23rd September 1963, Addis Ababa University school of Law is the oldest law school in Ethiopia, pioneering in legal education in both undergraduate and graduate levels. The Law School was established with a mission to produce competent, ethical and responsible profession who can actively contribute towards the prevalence of the rule of law, equality, human rights, democracy, social justice, tolerance and development. The basis for the establishment of the Faculty of Law was laid down by the momentous decision to codify the laws of Ethiopia gave rise to the need of trained lawyers who could understand, interpret, and apply them.   Speaking on the convocation of the former Haile Selassie I University in 1961, the late Emperor Haile Selassie said, “We would ask for the immediate founding of a Faculty of law where our own students may be trained to enter the legal profession. Our empire has need, its government and its commerce for well-educated lawyers and particularly for those who have been trained in their own university, in their own codes and customs.”   The author of this article recalls that the completion of the codification of the laws of the country from 1951-1952 and the consequent issuance of the 1954 Revised Constitution backed up the establishment of such a school for training qualified legal experts. The writer notes that for 40 years out of 60 Addis Ababa University Faculty of Law was the only higher institute for training legal professionals in the country.   Over the last several decades the Law School was engaged in its flagship publication, Journal of Ethiopian Law. Nonetheless, the School was also publishing thematic research publications including Ethiopian Constitutional and Public Law, Ethiopian Civil and Commercial Law series and international law research papers on major contemporary local and global policy and legal issues are debated on regular annual conferences.   As part of its legal social services, the School is running 6 legal aid centers to provide general free legal services to local community members. Out of the 6 one center is reportedly dedicated to providing free legal services for refugees and asylum seekers.   Addis Ababa University School of Law Library established in 1964 boasts one of the finest collections of over 30,000 periodicals, reference books, over 10,000 e-books on law journals and dissertations. To date, the School of Law has graduated more than 6000 highly skilled legal professions who are currently serving in various government institutions.   Over the last several years the author recalls that members of the Law School have been participating in the legal reform programs the government undertaken. The professionals and scholars of the Law School are also networking with Justice and Legal Systems Institute. As stated by several speakers on the occasion, the author is of the opinion that the administrative autonomy granted to the Addis Ababa University could be exploited by the School of Law to further promote the prevalence of quality and practical legal education in the university.   The celebration of the 60th anniversary of the School of Law is of significant importance at a time when Addis Ababa University granted its autonomy very recently. The autonomy status is also crucial in accelerating the growth and development of the school in its aspiration to become a preeminent center of excellence for legal education and scholarship in the changing global, regional and national order, he noted.   The Addis Ababa University Law School can also serve as a unique center for the improvement of legal education in other public universities across the country by establishing projects that are geared towards building the capacity of the legal schools in these universities.   The Law School can assist in developing some kind of public legal education program in cooperation with CSOs and professional associations in the country. This is important because a huge gap is being observed in public adherence to the rule of law, conception of their constitutional rights and obligations as citizens.   The Law School provides lectures and seminars in English and new students are on several occasions challenged by their inability to comprehend legal concepts in their proper context. The author holds the opinion that legalistic English needs to be taught as a full course particularly for under graduate students who may also need extensive tutorial classes. This could be supplemented with practical knowledge with orientations on the practical legal technical application of the laws of the country at the various levels of courts of law.   The author would also like to stress on the growing significance of conducting researches on important legal issues pertaining to the protection of the environment, natural resources of the country, cyber-attacks, computer crimes and other crimes related to the modernization of the socio-economic development of the country.    

BY BIZUAYEHU BOGALE The Ituu tribe in Ethiopia is a pastoralist community in West Hararge Zone of Oromia with tantalizing culture and social values. Let me take you for an imaginary trek to the Ituu tribe which is one of the tribes in Western Harergie Zone of Oromia region with the most exotic cultures and social values. The Ituu are predominately pastoralists who roam from place to place in search of better pasture and water for their cattle. They are akin to the Kereyu tribes of Oromia region who live in the Upper Awash Valley of the Great Rift Valley which bisects the Eastern and southern part of Ethiopia. The fact that the Ituu live in the adjacent neighboring areas of Gumbi Bordede and Anchar districts sharing common border around Awash River have made them one of the stronger tribes in the area. Nowadays, Ituu whose livelihood is dependent on livestock rearing are mostly settled in Anchar,Gumbi Bordede and Oda bultum districts of West Hararge Zone at the Eastern flank of Ethiopia. Ituu households who own caravans of camels, cattle and goats are well respected and revered by the members the community and are regarded as local officials. As part of protecting the rights of poor pastoralists with few herds of cattle, and to ensure that they do not feel inferior or demoralized in the face of horde of livestock from well to do families, their cattle are made to graze together with those owned by rich families. In the seasons of food stress, they spend bad days together by lending each other cows for milk with their calves. On the other hand, Ituu are known for their massive gofere (long curly hair soaked in butter). Their traditional dresses also make them unique. They dress like hunters, a turban underneath, a white cotton "gabi" on top and fasten traditional short swords with sharp edges known locally as giles on their waists. During the wedding, the groom gives cattle as dowry. After marriage ceremony; parents, brothers, uncles and other kith and kin of the groom give him cattle as gifts. On her wedding day, the bride gets a thin stick called Sinke as a special gift from her family. It symbolizes that “the bride has become worthy and respected woman who can manage her home". When we come to their food habit, a porridge made of barley is a special dish for the guest of honor and camel milk is served with porridge for drinking.

By Henok Tadele Haile As Ethiopians enter 2016 on September 12th, the ending year marked pivotal moments of progress for the country. After a difficult previous year, major successes were achieved in the year 2015, including wheat self-sufficiency, the Pretoria peace agreement, revived diplomacy, BRICS membership, and the successful completion of the fourth filling GERD. Wheat Self-Sufficiency For decades, Ethiopia imported millions of quintals of wheat costing millions of dollars annually. According to Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopia used to import 17 million quintals of wheat every year, earmarking more than 700 million USD to meet its citizens' basic bread consumption. Thanks to the Prime Minister's Wheat Initiative, this chapter has been closed. The initiative helped the country achieve record harvests this year, exceeding domestic needs. Currently, wheat production has been showing a surplus of 32 million quintal from the country's domestic consumption. As a result of this achievement, the nation has become wheat exporter, shifting from being wheat recipient through its relentless efforts of wheat production. Over 108 million quintals were produced during the main rainy season, with 45 million more expected through irrigation. This bumper crop marks the largest wheat harvest since the initiative began, expanding production into new areas and boosting yields. Historic Peace Agreement The Pretoria peace deal between the Ethiopian government and TPLF concluded over two years of conflict by restoring respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. By ending divisions, the agreement presented opportunities to rebuild the economy and investor confidence. Renewed stability can attract foreign capital as Ethiopia re-emerges as a promising investment destination. Through the peace agreement, Ethiopia has demonstrated its capability of resolving conflict peacefully. The African Union played a historic role in soliciting and coordinating a viable solution for the conflict after laboring for almost a year to design a permanent agreement that was duly agreed and accepted not only by the signatories but also by all international peace loving countries and global institutions. The Pretoria peace deal has also been described by many as “a Model for Africa,” and a clear indication that the continent's principle of solving its own problems is yielding results. The deal sparked a revival of Ethiopia's global diplomatic standing after strained relations during the conflict. High-level delegations of various countries from across the globe visited Ethiopia to reaffirm support. Alongside political reconciliation, Ethiopia pursued economic diplomacy to attract investment and aid for national rebuilding. The signing of the peace agreement has demonstrated Ethiopia’s irreversible stand for peace in the country and the Horn of Africa, where some influential political figures in Africa have started urging Ethiopia to step up its usual positive role for the cause of Africa both in the sub-region and in the entire continent. Investment activities have also been greatly stimulating. Invest Ethiopia 2023 International Investment Forum held from April 26 to 28 here in Addis Ababa was a big achievement in this regard. The forum has attracted more than 2 billion USD in FDI for 2023. Ethiopia has now become a major investment destination in Africa primarily because of the comparative advantage the country is providing. This includes, among other things, lucrative investment climate, growing economy, excellent climate and fertile soil, young and trainable labor force, access to global markets, improved economic infrastructure, competitive incentive package and government commitment. BRICS Membership In a milestone for prominence, Ethiopia was welcomed as the newest BRICS member at the bloc's Johannesburg summit. BRICS endorsed Ethiopia's strategic location, large population, and infrastructure vision as credentials worthy of membership. The announcement of 2023 BRICS Summit in Johannesburg to embrace Ethiopia as its member was phenomenal to the country. Ethiopia was warmly welcomed into the steadily expanding bloc, (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). This monumental event signals a coming of age for Africa's second most populous nation on the global stage. Ethiopia's BRICS membership heralds a new era brimming with potential. BRICS membership signifies growing recognition of Ethiopia's immense economic and political potential. With over 120 million people and massive growth in recent years, Ethiopia offers a strategic gateway between Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed hailed this "victory achieved through many struggles," thanking BRICS countries for their staunch support. He underscored how the bloc will empower South-South cooperation and reformed multilateralism. Abiy also articulated Ethiopia's strengths, from its young, dynamic workforce to intensive infrastructure development enhancing regional connectivity. For Ethiopia, joining BRICS can catalyze technology transfers, market access, and financing for impactful projects. While challenges remain, the prime minister stressed that in an interdependent world, collectivity is essential to solve shared problems. By leveraging its new BRICS membership, Ethiopia is poised to deliver prosperity for its people and assume a leadership role on the global stage. This opportunity can bring vast investment, trade, and financing if reforms are undertaken. Ethiopia's addition cements its position as a rising African power. Successful Filling of GERD Prime minister of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed announced at the end of this year successful filling of fourth and final round of the Ethiopian Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD). “There were a lot of challenges. We had been dragged backwards. We had encountered internal challenges and external pressures. We have overcome all these and able to arrive at this stage. However, we have not yet completed climbing the uphill though we have just arrived at the tip of the hill,” the premiers said. The successful completion of filling of GERD is a monumental achievement demonstrating sovereignty and unity. This powerful symbol of self-reliance will double electricity generation capacity and make Ethiopia a major regional exporter. As there were extensive diplomatic campaigns in this regard, it is a big diplomatic victory for the country to complete the water filling according to plan. The successful completion of filling is also being described as vital instrument to ensuring shared benefit not only for Ethiopia but for the Horn of Africa and riparian countries. The dam has great significance for regional integration too. Even if the dam is being built by Ethiopians internal capacity and in their sovereign territory, the benefit of the dam is beyond the nation. In addition, the dam has huge benefits in protecting for the lower riparian countries from sediment, floods and ensuring sufficient water flow. Despite challenges, its success highlights Ethiopia's determination to drive development. The project rallied citizens to donate funds and labor toward a historic national accomplishment. Green Legacy Initiative Ethiopia has been carrying out green legacy initiative with a view to fighting the challenges of climate change and ensures food self-sufficiency. Accordingly, the nation had planted over 25 billion seedlings over the past four years as part of the initiative, surpassing its goal of 20 billion. Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative has been an environmental success. During the second round of the initiative which was launched this rainy season, the nation planned to plant 25 billion seedlings from 2023 to 2026. Ethiopians have made another history at the national level by planting more than 566 million saplings in 12 hours during this rainy season. Millions have been participating across the country to restore land, improve soil, reduce erosion, and mitigate climate change through the initiative. Ethiopia's green diplomacy work is also gaining international recognition. As a model for mobilizing the public to address sustainability, it has inspired other nations while creating green jobs. With care in planning, it can continue offering economic and environmental benefits. In summary, the ending year saw Ethiopia make great strides through peace building, food security, diplomacy, development projects and ecological initiatives. With unity and prudent governance, Ethiopia can fulfill its immense promises.